Police radio code

{{Short description|Brevity codes used by law enforcement}}

{{Clean-up|reason=Better sourcing needed. Should be global in scope. Should not repeat other articles, for example tens code, hundreds code. Should cover the signals, incident and response codes mentioned in the lead.|date=February 2025}}

A police radio code is a brevity code, usually numerical or alphanumerical, used to transmit information between law enforcement over police radio systems in the United States. Examples of police codes include "10 codes" (such as 10-4 for "okay" or "acknowledged"—sometimes written X4 or X-4), signals, incident codes, response codes, or other status codes. These code types may be used in the same sentence to describe specific aspects of a situation.

Codes vary by country, administrative subdivision, and agency. It is rare to find two agencies with the same ten codes, signals, incident codes, or other status codes. While agencies with adjacent or overlapping jurisdictions often have similar codes, it is not uncommon to find differences even within one county or city. Different agencies can have codes dissimilar enough to make communication difficult. There are similarities among popular sets of 10-codes.{{Cite web |title=Police 10 Codes |url=https://copradar.com/tencodes/ |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=copradar.com}}

The topic of standardized codes has been discussed in US law enforcement circles, but there is no consensus on the issue. Some law enforcement agencies use “plain talk” or “plain codes” which replace codes with standard speech and terminology, albeit in a structured manner or format. Arguments against plain language include its lack of brevity, variability, and lack of secrecy which is often tactically advantageous or a safety issue when officer communications can be overheard by the civilian public.{{Cite web |title=Police 10 codes vs. plain language: The history and ongoing debate |url=https://www.police1.com/police-products/communications/articles/police-10-codes-vs-plain-language-the-history-and-ongoing-debate-zFVa5Fkggm8NKBPM/ |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=Police1 |language=en}}

Examples

{{Unref sect|date=February 2025}}

class="wikitable"
CodeDescription
2No lights or sirens
3Lights and sirens
187 murder

| 4

Disregard
121Priority on the air
122Priority on silence
123Sick or injured person
124Operation completed
125Operation continue
126Intercept suspects
127Proceed with caution
128No siren, no flashing
129Request back up
130Emergency
131Shooting
132Armed robbery
133Possibly dangerous person
134Kidnapping
135Escape
136Hold of hostages
137Riot
138Bomb alert
139Air disaster
140Murder
141Accident
142Unlawful assembly
143Hit and run
144Impaired
145Prisoner transport
146Breaking and entering (vehicle or residence)
147Suspect armed
148Brawl or family feuding
149Ascertainment
150Theft

=California=

The Hundred Code is a three-digit police code system.{{Citation |title=SQLSTATE Return Codes |date=2010 |work=SQL Clearly Explained |pages=421–431 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-375697-8.50021-2 |access-date=2025-04-29 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-12-375697-8}} This code is usually pronounced digit-by-digit, using a radio alphabet for any letters, as 505 "five zero five" or 207A "two zero seven Alpha". The following codes are used in California. They are from the California Penal Code, except where noted below.{{cite web |last1=Dansker |first1=Zack |title=Police Radio Codes |url=https://web.stanford.edu/~reneeb/bill/n.radio.code.html |website=stanford.edu |access-date=25 March 2022}}{{Better ref needed|date=February 2025}}

In the 1970s, the television show Adam-12 was considered so authentic in its portrayal of Los Angeles PD officers and their procedures that excerpts from the shows were used as police training films nationwide.{{Cite web |title=How the TV series 'Adam-12' helped the LAPD sell the 'good cop' image |url=https://www.kpcc.org/show/the-frame/2016-09-16/how-the-tv-series-adam-12-helped-the-lapd-sell-the-good-cop-image |access-date=November 28, 2023 |website=kpcc.org |language=en |quote=We had a technical advisor working with us every day that we shot the show. Once we left the car, they'd say: You do the approach this way, to this automobile where there's this suspected felon. Interestingly enough, during the whole run of "Adam-12," episodes of the show were being bicycled all over the country to police departments to be used as training videos.}} This led to the widespread use of California Penal Codes as radio codes.{{fact|date=November 2020}}

class="wikitable"

! Code !! Description

187Murder
?

|505

Kidnapping
207AKidnapping attempt
211 Robbery
211ARobbery alarm
211SRobbery alarm, silent
212Illegal use of drugs
213Use of illegal explosives
214Kidnapping and murder
215Carjacking
216Child abuse
217Assault with intent to murder
218Sexual activity with a minor
219Cutting or stabbing
240Assault
241Impaling
242Battery
243Battery with dangerous weapons
244Throwing acid with intent to disfigure or burn
245Assault with a deadly weapon
246Shooting at inhabited dwelling
261Rape
261AAttempted rape
273AChild neglect
273DDomestic violencefelony
288Lewd conduct with a minor
311Possession of obscene material
314Indecent exposure
374BIllegal dumping
390Drunk
390DDrunk, unconscious
415Disturbance
417Person with a gun
417KPerson with a knife
417BPerson with bomb
419Dead human body
428Child molest
444Officer-involved shooting
459Burglary
459ABurglar alarm
459SBurglar alarm, silent
470Forgery
480Hit and run – felony (great bodily injury or death)
481Hit and run – misdemeanor
484Theft (definition)
486Major theft (value < 10,000)
487Grand theft (value > $950, or certain livestock)
488Petty theft (value < $950)
501Drunk driving – felony (great bodily injury or death)
502Drunk driving
503Auto theft
504Tampering with a vehicle
505AReckless driving
507Public nuisance
510Speeding or racing vehicles
586Illegal parking
594Malicious mischief
604Throwing object
647Lewd conduct (various subsections)
653MThreatening phone calls
998Officer involved shooting

=500 codes and similar=

"500" codes are only radio codes that substitute for other code sections. For example, a "503" is not Penal Code section 503 (embezzlement). All of the "500" codes, generally, involve vehicles and are thus grouped together (except 594, which is an actual Penal Code section). Additionally, "390" and variants are also radio codes only (CPC 647(f) is the legally enforced section "public intoxication").{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

In California, some radio codes in the 400–599 range that refer to vehicle violations are left over from the California Vehicle Code (CVC) which was revised in 1971. Some agencies, such as the California Highway Patrol (CHP) use the current vehicle code numbers while municipal and county police agencies, especially the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) still use the 500 series.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

class="wikitable"

!Old !! New !! Description

48020001Felony hit and run
48120002Misdemeanor hit and run
50123151Felony drunk driving
50223152Misdemeanor drunk drivingA drunk driver is often referred to as a "deuce". This comes from the "2" at the end of the original code, "502", which subsequent codes have retained.
50310851Stolen vehicle (also a penal code section, 487A)
50410854Tampering with a motor vehicle
50523103Reckless driving
51023109Speed contest / racing
58622500Illegal parking

See also

References