Police village
{{Short description|Type of village in 19th-century Ontario, Canada}}
A police village was a form of municipal government that was used in the province of Ontario, Canada in the early 19th century if the finances or the population of an area did not permit the creation of a village.
Formation
In the early 19th century, the Parliament of Upper Canada established "boards of police" in municipalities that were not large enough to justify the creation of a municipal council.as in the case of Brockville: {{Cite canlaw|short title =An Act to establish a Police in the Town of Brockville, in the District of Johnstown|abbr =S.U.C.|year =1832|chapter =17|link = https://books.google.ca/books?id=MpJFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP77#v=onepage&f=false}}
The creation of "police villages" was authorized in 1850 upon the passage of the Baldwin Act by the Parliament of the Province of Canada,{{Cite canlaw|short title= An Act to provide, by one general law, for the erection of Municipal Corporations, and the establishment of Regulations of Police, in and for the several Counties, Cities, Towns, Townships and Villages in Upper-Canada|abbr =S.Prov.C.|year =1849|chapter =81|section = 42|link= https://books.google.ca/books?id=MLxRAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA613&ots=1MZBrysBUD&pg=PA469#v=onepage&f=false}} and was continued by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1873.{{Cite canlaw|short title =An Act respecting Municipal Institutions in the Province of Ontario|abbr =S.O.|year =1873|chapter =48|section = 477|link= https://archive.org/stream/statutesofprovin1873onta#page/n379/mode/2up}} The law relating to them remained essentially unchanged until 1965, when the ability to create new police villages was abolished.{{Cite canlaw|short title = The Municipal Amendment Act, 1965|abbr =S.O.|year =1965|chapter =77|section = 34|link= https://archive.org/stream/statutesofprovin1965onta#page/368/mode/2up}}
The rules governing the formation of police villages were as follows:{{Cite canlaw|short title = The Municipal Act|abbr =R.S.O.|year =1960|chapter =249|section = 487-490|link= https://archive.org/stream/v3revisedstatuteso1960ontauoft#page/792/mode/2up}}
- A county council, upon the petition of a sufficient number of property owners and tenants, could erect a locality into a police village, so long as it had a population of not less than 150, and an area of not more than {{convert|500|acre|ha}}.
- Where the locality straddled two or more counties, the council of the county that had the largest portion of the locality was the one that could establish the police village.
- If the area was less than {{convert|500|acre|ha}}, the council could later increase the size up to that limit.
- If the population later exceeded 500, upon the petition of two thirds of the owners and tenants, the area could be increased beyond that limit at the rate of {{convert|20|acre|ha}} per 100 in population.
- If an expansion of a police village involved an extension into another county, it could not occur without the consent of the other county council.
- After the Ontario Municipal Board was established, such erections and expansions could not occur without its approval, and it also had direct power to erect and expand police villages if a county council has failed to act on a petition and if the locality was within one of the provisional judicial districts.
Almost all of the communities that once held that status have since been erected into villages, towns, or cities or amalgamated into other municipalities. Russell still exists as such a body.{{cite web|title= 2014 Municipal Elections - Official Results|url=http://russell.hosted.civiclive.com/UserFiles/Servers/Server_3708999/File/Town%20Hall/Municipal%20Government/Election%20Information/Official%20Results%20-%202014%20Municipal%20Elections.pdf|publisher= Township of Russell}}
Police villages were dissolved with provincial acts creating new municipalities. In 1971, the creation of York Region resulted in the dissolution of Holland Landing, King City, Maple, Mount Albert, Nobleton, Queensville, Schomberg, Sharon, Thornhill, and Unionville as police villages.{{Cite canlaw|short title =The Regional Municipality of York Act, 1970|abbr =S.O.|year =1970|chapter =50|section =2|subsection = 2|link= https://archive.org/stream/statutesofprovin1970onta#page/466/mode/2up}} The responsibilities of the police village boards were shifted to other boards or the municipality to which the police village was amalgamated. For example, the trustees of the police village of King City were deemed a commission for the King City Hydro-Electric System, which became a local board of the township of King with full transfer of all rights and obligations.{{Cite canlaw|short title =The Regional Municipality of York Act, 1970|abbr =S.O.|year =1970|chapter =50|section =178|subsection = 3|link= https://archive.org/stream/statutesofprovin1970onta#page/554/mode/2up}}
Benefits of police village status
Police village status allowed a community to establish its own council to direct spending on local priorities, such as roadways, sidewalks, drainage, lighting, sanitation, fire protection, and policing.
Police villages
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Further reading
- {{cite book|title=Place names of Ontario|last=Rayburn|first=Alan|date=1997|publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=0-8020-7207-0}}
References
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External links
- {{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/guides/rg_209_municipal-records.aspx|title=Municipal Records at the Archives of Ontario|publisher=Archives of Ontario|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122061639/http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/guides/rg_209_municipal-records.aspx|archivedate=22 November 2012}}
Category:Types of administrative division