Policy laundering
Policy laundering is the disguising of the origins of political decisions, laws, or international treaties.{{cite journal |last=Hosein |first=Ian |date=2004 |title=The Sources of Laws: Policy Dynamics in a Digital and Terrorized World |journal=The Information Society |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=187–199 |doi=10.1080/01972240490456854 |s2cid=43612133 }} The term is based on the similar money laundering.
Hiding responsibility for a policy or decision
One common method for policy laundering is the use of international treaties which are formulated in secrecy. Afterwards it is not possible to find out who advocated for which part of the treaty. Each person can claim that it was not them who demanded a certain paragraph but that they had to agree to the overall "compromise".{{cn|date=August 2022}}
Examples that could be considered as "policy laundering" are WIPO{{cite journal |ssrn=844544 |title=Catch 1201: A Legislative History and Content Analysis of the DMCA Exemption Proceedings |author1=Herman, Bill D. |author2=Oscar H. Gandy, Jr. |name-list-style=amp |publisher=Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal |year=2006}}Yu, Peter K., The Political Economy of Data Protection, [http://ssrn.com/abstract=1046781 Chicago-Kent Law Review, Vol. 83, 2008] or the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA).{{Cite web |first=Michael |last=Geist |title=Government Should Lift Veil on ACTA Secrecy |url=http://www.michaelgeist.ca/content/view/3013/135/ |date=9 June 2008}}
{{quote|Harmonization is the process through which a common set of policies are established across jurisdictions to remove irregularities. Regulations can change in any direction, however: regulations may be pushed to the lowest common denominator; but may equally benefit from the 'California effect', where one regulator pushes for the highest standards, setting models for others to follow. Harmonization requires further interrogation, however. In their review of global business regulation, Braithwaite and Drahos find that some countries (notably the U.S. and the UK) push for certain regulatory standards in international bodies and then bring those regulations home under the requirement of harmonization and the guise of multilateralism; this is what we refer to as policy laundering.|Ian Hosein, 2004
Hosein, Ian, 2004, [http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p73882_index.html "International Relations Theories and the Regulation of International Dataflows: Policy Laundering and other International Policy Dynamics"]}}
Circumventing the regular approval process
Yet another manifestation of policy laundering is to implement legal policy which a subset of legislators desire but would normally not be able to obtain approval through regular means.
{{quote|ACTA is legislation laundering on an international level of what would be very difficult to get through most Parliaments. |Stavros Lambrinidis, Member of European Parliament, S and D, GreeceStavros Lambrinidis, Vice President of European Parliament (2009), S and D, Greece, [http://www.stopacta.info/ "Stop Acta"]}}
The American Civil Liberties Union argue[https://archive.today/20120906173259/http://www.policylaundering.org/PolicyLaunderingIntro.html The Policy Laundering Project]ACLU's [https://www.aclu.org/technology-and-liberty/aclu-announces-international-project-stop-policy-laundering Stop Policy Laundering Project]Barry Steinhardt (ACLU) [https://web.archive.org/web/20040911074035/http://26konferencja.giodo.gov.pl/data/resources/SteinhardtB_paper.pdf "The Problem of Policy Laundering"] that policy laundering has become common political practice in areas related to terrorism and the erosion of civil liberties.
See also
International law:
Political communication:
Policy making:
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.privacyinternational.org/policylaundering Privacy International: Policy Laundering]
- [http://www.openrightsgroup.org/orgwiki/index.php/Policy_Laundering openrightsgroup: Policy Laundering]
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