Polygraph (author)
{{Short description|Author who writes in a variety of fields}}
{{about|an author that can write on a variety of different subjects|the early 19th-century device used for duplication of writing|Polygraph (duplicating device)|the modern forensic instrument|Polygraph|the automatic signing instrument|Autopen}}
File:Denis Diderot by Louis-Michel van Loo.jpg by Louis-Michel van Loo, 1767 The painting depicts the French polygraph Denis Diderot ]]
A polygraph (from Ancient Greek: πολύς, poly = "many" and γράφειν, graphein = "to write") is an author who writes in a variety of fields.{{Cite web|title=Definition of polygraph {{!}} Dictionary.com|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/polygraph|access-date=2020-12-12|website=www.dictionary.com|language=en}}
In literature, the term polygraph is often applied to certain writers of antiquity such as Aristotle, Plutarch, Varro, Cicero and Pliny the Elder. Polygraphs still existed in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, but, other than writers of books for children, they have become rarer in modern times due to the specialisation of knowledge. Voltaire and Diderot are examples of modern polygraphs.
Polygraph writers
=Classical Antiquity=
=Middle Ages=
=[[Early modern period]] (1500-1800)=
- Carlo Amoretti
- Jean-François de Bastide
- Giuseppe Betussi
- Jacques Pierre Brissot
- Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- Ferdinand Hoefer
- Athanasius Kircher
- {{ill|Pierre-Jean Le Corvaisier|fr}}
- Pierre Louis Manuel
- Mathieu-François Pidansat de Mairobert
- Nicolas Edme Restif de La Bretonne
- César Vichard de Saint-Réal
- Francesco Sansovino
- Charles Sorel
=Modern era (1800 onwards)=
Other usage
The term can be used in a pejorative sense to mean a journalist who writes on many subjects but without expertise in any particular one. The composer Georg Telemann was considered, somewhat pejoratively, a polygraph by critics due to the vast number and variety of his musical compositions.