Poralia

Poralia rufescens has a bell about {{convert|9|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} in diameter. It has 30 marginal tentacles interspersed with 15 rhopalia (sensory organs). The lappets (flaps) are rectangular in outline and are all the same length, the rhopalial lappets having deep clefts and the tentacular lappets shallow clefts.{{cite book|author1= Fautin, Daphne G.|author2=Westfall, Jane A. |author3=Cartwright, Paulyn |author4=Daly, Marymegan|author5=Wyttenbach, Charles R. |title=Coelenterate Biology 2003: Trends in Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPxwTzkXsTUC&pg=PA542|year=2005 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4020-2761-1 |page=542}} This jellyfish is very fragile and most specimens examined have been damaged.{{cite book|author1=Williams, R.B.|author2=Cornelius, P.F.S.|author3=Hughes, R.G.|author4= Robson, E.A. |title=Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=narsCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA315 |year=2012 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-011-3240-4 |page=315}}

The distribution of this meso-bathypelagic species is not well delineated. Before 1962, only eleven damaged specimens from the North Atlantic had been examined, mostly brought up from waters deeper than {{convert|1500|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}}.{{cite journal |author=Russell, F.S. |year=1962 |title=On the scyphomedusa Poralia rufescens Vanhöffen |journal=Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=387–390 |doi=10.1017/S0025315400001375 |bibcode=1962JMBUK..42..387R |s2cid=86290599 |url=http://plymsea.ac.uk/2200/1/On_the_scyphomedusa_Poralia_rufescens_Vanhoffen.pdf }} It seems to be quite common in the vicinity of Bermuda and the Bahamas, mostly in the lowest {{convert|100|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}} of the water column.

In a study of deep sea jellyfish in the Southern Ocean performed by the USNS Eltanin, the coronates Periphylla periphylla, Atolla wyvillei and Atolla chuni were the most common species found, comprising over 90% of the individuals sampled. Po. rufescens was the most common semaeostome, making up 2% of the collection.{{cite book |author=Larson, Ronald J. |year=1986 |chapter=Pelagic Scyphomedusae (Scyphozoa: Coronatae and Semaeostomeae) of the Southern Ocean |title=Biology of the Antarctic Seas |volume=XVI |issue=1 |pages=59–165 |publisher=American Geophysical Union (AGU) |doi=10.1002/9781118666579.ch3 |chapter-url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118666579.ch3 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |isbn=978-1-118-66657-9 }} A study using a remotely operated vehicle in deep water in the Japan Trench showed that Po. rufescens was the most common scyphomedusan there.{{cite book |author1=Lindsay, Dhugal J. |author2=Furushima, Yasuo |author3=Miyake, Hiroshi |author4=Kitamura, Minoru |author5=Hunt, James C. |title=Coelenterate Biology 2003 |chapter=The scyphomedusan fauna of the Japan Trench: Preliminary results from a remotely-operated vehicle |journal=Coelenterate Biology |volume= 178|pages=537–547 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-2762-8_61 |series=Developments in Hydrobiology |date=2004 |isbn=978-1-4020-2761-1 }} It has also been recorded from several locations in the eastern Pacific Ocean, including off the coast of southern California.{{cite journal |author=Larson, R.J. |year=1990 |title=Scyphomedusae and Cubomedusae from the Eastern Pacific |journal=Bulletin of Marine Science |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=546–556 |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1990/00000047/00000002/art00010 }}

The biology and ecology of the meso-bathypelagic jellyfishes is poorly known. Their gelatinous bodies tend to have a low proportion of protein; P. rufescens has a protein content of 0.1% of the body dry weight as compared to an average of 4% for all gelatinous taxa. Some parts of the body have a higher nitrogenous content than others, and in the Pacific, leatherback sea turtles, whose diet consists largely of jellyfish, have been observed feeding on their gonads and tentacles, the parts which have the highest nutritional values.{{cite book|author1=Capone, Douglas G.|author-link2=Deborah Bronk|author2=Bronk, Deborah A.|author3=Mulholland, Margaret R.|author-link3=Margaret Mulholland|author4= Carpenter, Edward J.|title=Nitrogen in the Marine Environment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pL-FOsGar_wC&pg=PT1755 |year=2008 |publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-372522-6 |page=1755}}

Poralia specimens have been shown to be bioluminescent, producing blue light.{{cite journal |last1=Haddock |first1=S. H. D. |last2=Case |first2=J. F. |title=Bioluminescence spectra of shallow and deep-sea gelatinous zooplankton: ctenophores, medusae and siphonophores |journal=Marine Biology |date=8 April 1999 |volume=133 |issue=3 |pages=571–582 |doi=10.1007/s002270050497|bibcode=1999MarBi.133..571H |s2cid=14523078 }} The function of this is not known for this species.

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Category:Ulmaridae

Category:Scyphozoan genera

Category:Animals described in 1902

Category:Monotypic cnidarian genera

Category:Bioluminescent cnidarians