Port-Royal National Historic Site#Original settlement of Port-Royal (1605–13)

{{distinguish|text=Port Royal Historic District in Virginia, United States}}

{{Infobox historic site

| name = Port-Royal National Historic Site

| image = Port-Royal_Nova-Scotia_1.jpg

| caption = The entrance into the replica of the Habitation at Port-Royal.

| location = 53 Historic Lane, Granville Ferry, Nova Scotia

| coordinates = {{coord|44|42|40.55|N|65|36|33.0|W|display=inline,title}}

| locmapin = Canada Nova Scotia

| built = 1605-1613

| architect =

| architecture =

| area = {{convert|1|ha|acre}}

| visitation_num =

| visitation_year =

| governing_body = Parks Canada

| embedded = {{Designation list |embed=yes

| designation1 = NHSC

| designation1_date = May 25, 1923

| designation1_offname = Port-Royal National Historic Site of Canada}}

}}

Port-Royal National Historic Site is a National Historic Site{{DFHD|311|Port-Royal National Historic Site of Canada}}{{CRHP|7658|Port-Royal National Historic Site of Canada}} located on the north bank of the Annapolis Basin in Granville Ferry, Nova Scotia, Canada. The site is the location of the Habitation at Port-Royal,{{DFHD|6119|Port Royal Habitation}} which was the centre of activity for the New France colony of Port Royal in Acadia from 1605 to 1613, when it was destroyed by English forces from the Colony of Virginia.

History

The French colony of Port Royal, centered on the habitation, was the first successful attempt by Europeans to establish a permanent settlement in what is today known as Canada.{{Cite web |title=Port-Royal National Historic Site |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/port-royal |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca |language=en}} The habitation's active period was from 1605 to 1613. Although the European settlement of Port Royal persevered, with some interruptions, the habitation's role as the focus of the colony ended with its destruction in 1613.

In 1629, Charles Fort, now Fort Anne, was established by Scottish settlers. The founding of the new fort permanently shifted the Port Royal colony's centre of activity. The settlement around the new fort would evolve into the modern day town of Annapolis Royal.

= 20th century =

On May 25, 1925, the national Historic Sites and Monuments Board recognized the original Habitation at for its heritage significance, and the then Minister of the Interior, Charles Stewart, designated it Port-Royal National Historic Site.{{CRHP|7658|Port-Royal National Historic Site|13 April 2013}}Image:Port Royal replica.JPG

In the 1930s, the approximate site of the original Habitation was located in the community and the results of archaeological excavations fed public interest in the period of the original French settlement. This interest had been increasing since the publication of Quietly My Captain Waits, an historical novel by the Canadian novelist Evelyn Eaton set in Port-Royal in the early 17th century.

In the early 1900s, chiefly under the leadership of Harriette Taber Richardson, a native of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and summer resident of the nearby town of Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotian preservationists and historians began lobbying the Government of Canada to build a replica of the Habitation which stood from 1605 until its destruction in 1613.

The government agreed to have the replica built on the original site. Construction took place from 1939 to 1941 and was based on a duplicate set of plans for the original Habitation that had been recently discovered in France. This was the first National Historic Site to have a replica structure built.

Today, this replica serves as the cornerstone of Port-Royal National Historic Site, and, coupled with nearby Fort Anne National Historic Site in Annapolis Royal, continues to commemorate this important historic region for visitors. Today, the replica of the Habitation is considered a milestone in the national heritage movement. Operated by Parks Canada, it is open to the public as a unit of the national park system, staffed by historical interpreters in period costumes, and is a major tourist attraction. Costumed interpreters provide demonstrations of such historic early 17th-century activities as farming, building, cooking, fur trading and Mi'kmaq life.

{{Scalable image|Port Royal today.jpg|1020px|The Port Royal National Historic Site is situated on the Annapolis River where it widens to form the Annapolis Basin}}

Image:Port-Royal_Nova-Scotia_3.jpg|Courtyard

Image:Port-Royal_Nova-Scotia_4.jpg|Outside view

Image:Port-Royal_Nova-Scotia_2.jpg|Royal arms of France

References

=Citations=

=Primary sources=

Samuel de Champlain, Les Fondations de l'Acadie et de Québec. 1604-1611, Québec: Septentrion, 2008
Eric Thierry, La France de Henri IV en Amérique du Nord. De la création de l'Acadie à la fondation de Québec, Paris: Honoré CHampion, 2008.

=Secondary sources=

{{cite book|last=Dunn|first=Brenda|title=A History of Port-Royal-Annapolis Royal, 1605-1800|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9c4hPwAACAAJ&pg=PA1|year=2004|publisher=Nimbus|isbn=978-1-55109-740-4}}
{{cite book|last=Griffiths|first=N.E.S.|author-link=Naomi E. S. Griffiths|title=From Migrant to Acadian: A North American Border People, 1604-1755|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cG4wSmIlziYC&pg=PP1|year=2005|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|isbn=978-0-7735-2699-0}}
{{cite book|last=Faragher|first=John Mack|author-link=John Mack Faragher|title=A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from Their American Homeland|url=https://archive.org/details/greatnoblescheme00fara|url-access=registration|year=2005|publisher=W.W Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-05135-3}}
{{cite book|last=Plank|first=Geoffrey|title=An Unsettled Conquest: The British Campaign Against the Peoples of Acadia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZoVaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|year=2001|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-0710-1}}
{{cite book|editor1=John G. Reid|editor-link1=John G. Reid|editor2=Maurice Basque|editor3=Elizabeth Mancke|editor4=Barry Moody|editor5=Geoffrey Plank|editor6=William Wicken|display-editors=1|title=The "Conquest" of Acadia, 1710: Imperial, Colonial, and Aboriginal Constructions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MqJ9qFqWK4IC&pg=PP1|year=2004|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-0-8020-8538-2|doi=10.3138/9781442680883}}
Parks Canada, Port Royal National Historic Site brochure, undated (2001 ?).

External links

[https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/ns/portroyal Port-Royal National Historic Site]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20040809034100/http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/98-187-XIE/earlyfre.htm Censuses of Canada - 1665 to 1871 - Early French Settlements]
[https://www.nps.gov/sacr/index.htm Saint Croix Island International Historic Site]
[http://pedalandseaadventures.com/port-royal-nova-scotia.html An Essay on Port Royal]
{{cite DCB |title=Des Friches de Menneval, Louis-Alexandre |first=René |last=Baudry |volume=2 |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/des_friches_de_meneval_louis_alexandre_2E.html}}
[http://ns1763.ca/annapco/portroyal.html Photographs of historic plaques at the Port Royal Habitation National Historic Site, Nova Scotia]
[http://ns1763.ca/annapco/scotchfort.html Photographs of the Scotch Fort historic monument at Port Royal, Nova Scotia]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20061211162343/http://www.gov.ns.ca/nsarm/virtual/habitation/ Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20101218081730/http://www.annapolisroyal.com/about-timeline.php Port Royal/Annapolis Royal Timeline]
[http://www.pitres.us/pitregenealogyancestors.html Jean Pitre circa 1635]