Port-Vendres

Port-Vendres is located in the canton of La Côte Vermeille and in the arrondissement of Céret.

File:Map commune FR insee code 66148.png

File:Rorqual.JPG swimming nearby cap Béar]]

Port-Vendres is one of the few deep-water ports in this part of the French Mediterranean coast. It takes freighters and cruise ships, as well as large and small fishing boats which may be seen arriving with their daily catch.

The geomorphology of Port-Vendres meant that it developed in a different way from the nearby port of Collioure. Whereas Collioure has two beaches which slowly descend into a relatively shallow sandy-bottomed harbour, Port-Vendres is deeper and rockier. Collioure and Port-Vendres have therefore been used for different purposes - Collioure for small commercial ship and Port-Vendres for larger vessels and military transports. During the 20th century, this made it a main point of embarkation for French troops going to serve in Algeria.

{{Weather box

| location = Port-Vendres (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1973-present)

| metric first = Y

| single line = Y

| Jan record high C = 22.2

| Feb record high C = 22.3

| Mar record high C = 24.8

| Apr record high C = 27.7

| May record high C = 32.2

| Jun record high C = 36.4

| Jul record high C = 34.5

| Aug record high C = 36.3

| Sep record high C = 32.4

| Oct record high C = 31.0

| Nov record high C = 23.8

| Dec record high C = 23.0

| Jan high C = 12.2

| Feb high C = 12.5

| Mar high C = 14.8

| Apr high C = 17.0

| May high C = 20.3

| Jun high C = 24.4

| Jul high C = 27.0

| Aug high C = 27.0

| Sep high C = 23.6

| Oct high C = 19.9

| Nov high C = 15.7

| Dec high C = 13.1

| year high C = 18.9

| Jan mean C = 9.7

| Feb mean C = 9.8

| Mar mean C = 12.1

| Apr mean C = 14.2

| May mean C = 17.5

| Jun mean C = 21.3

| Jul mean C = 23.9

| Aug mean C = 23.9

| Sep mean C = 20.8

| Oct mean C = 17.4

| Nov mean C = 13.3

| Dec mean C = 10.7

| year mean C = 16.2

| Jan low C = 7.2

| Feb low C = 7.1

| Mar low C = 9.3

| Apr low C = 11.2

| May low C = 14.5

| Jun low C = 18.2

| Jul low C = 20.7

| Aug low C = 20.8

| Sep low C = 17.8

| Oct low C = 14.7

| Nov low C = 10.7

| Dec low C = 8.1

| year low C = 13.4

| Jan record low C = -7.0

| Feb record low C = -3.1

| Mar record low C = -1.6

| Apr record low C = 2.0

| May record low C = 4.8

| Jun record low C = 9.0

| Jul record low C = 12.2

| Aug record low C = 14.0

| Sep record low C = 9.1

| Oct record low C = 5.2

| Nov record low C = -0.5

| Dec record low C = -5.9

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 51.9

| Feb precipitation mm = 45.1

| Mar precipitation mm = 50.6

| Apr precipitation mm = 53.9

| May precipitation mm = 48.5

| Jun precipitation mm = 33.3

| Jul precipitation mm = 13.0

| Aug precipitation mm = 22.0

| Sep precipitation mm = 51.7

| Oct precipitation mm = 90.8

| Nov precipitation mm = 71.2

| Dec precipitation mm = 41.1

| year precipitation mm = 573.2

| unit precipitation days = 1 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 8.4

| Feb precipitation days = 9.7

| Mar precipitation days = 7.7

| Apr precipitation days = 7.5

| May precipitation days = 7.6

| Jun precipitation days = 9.7

| Jul precipitation days = 5.4

| Aug precipitation days = 7.3

| Sep precipitation days = 11.2

| Oct precipitation days = 13.3

| Nov precipitation days = 11.0

| Dec precipitation days = 7.4

| source 1 = Infoclimat.fr{{cite web

| url = https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1991-2020/cap-bear-port-vendres/valeurs/07749.html

| title = Normales et records pour la période 1991-2020 à Cap Béar - Port-Vendres

| language = fr

| publisher = Infoclimat

| access-date = January 7, 2022}}

| source =

}}

File:Obelisk of Port-Vendres.jpg of Port-Vendres}}]]

Port-Vendres has been in existence since Iron Age times, when it was used as a harbour connected with the Iberian settlement of Illiberis (modern Elne).{{cite book |last=Busch |first=Silvia Orvietani |title=Medieval Mediterranean ports: the Catalan and Tuscan coasts, 1100 to 1235 |page=30 |year=2001 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-12069-3}} It was later developed by the Romans, who called it Portus Veneris after the goddess Venus; there was probably a temple of Venus nearby for the good fortune of mariners.Busch, p. 64. Ancient writers wrote that there was a sanctuary of Aphrodite and called it Aphrodisium ({{langx|grc|Ἀφροδίσιον}}).[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4.1.3 Strabo, Geography, 4.1.3] Strabo writes that it was dedicated to the Pyrenaean Aphrodite ({{langx|grc|Πυρηναίας Ἀφροδίτης}}).

During the Middle Ages, Port-Vendres was expanded by the rulers of the Kingdom of Majorca and served as a key point of connection between the mainland and the Balearic Islands.Busch, p. 80. It passed to France along with the rest of Roussillon in 1659, as a result of the Treaty of the Pyrenees. Vauban carried out work to fortify the port between 1673 and 1700, building three redoubts and fortresses.{{cite web|title=Patrimony Discovery Tours|publisher=Port Vendres (official website)|url=http://www.port-vendres.com/uk/page_ic.php?them=3000|access-date=16 July 2010}}

Under Louis XVI, a major expansion of the port was carried out under the supervision of Count Joseph Augustin De Mailly d'Haucourt, the lieutenant general for Roussillon and commander in chief of the province. He was the driving force behind the modernisation of Port-Vendres as a port, and followed plans originally conceived by Vauban to open up and enlarge the existing facilities. From 1776–78, land was dug out and quays were created. A fourth fortress, the Redoute Mailly, was also built at this time to guard the harbour.

Charles De Wailly, architect and painter to the king, was commissioned to build a {{convert|98|ft|m}}-high marble obelisk which has now become a focal point of Port-Vendres. The first stone was placed on 28 September 1780, by Mailly's wife, Felicite de Narbonne Pelet, and witnessed by much of the Roussillon nobility. The obelisk is adorned by four bronze bas-reliefs representing the newly independent United States of America, which France had supported during the American War of Independence; the abolition of serfdom in France; free trade and the strengthened French Navy. In commemoration of the building of the obelisk, the Fete de Mailly takes place every September. The day begins with a fancy dress parade through the streets followed by a re-enactment of the placing of the first stone, circus workshops, historical games, rides in a carriage, Xim Xim concert (featuring traditional dance music of central France), Catalan ballet, enactment of a pirate fight, jeu de foulard (bandana game), and so on.

The Scottish Art Nouveau architect, interior designer, textile designer and water colourist Charles Rennie Mackintosh lived and painted in Port-Vendres from 1923 until 1927, when he was forced by ill health to return to London, where he died in 1928. During his stay in Port-Vendres Mackintosh painted many watercolours of the town and the surrounding area.

During the Second World War, the town was part of a heavily fortified coastal zone established by the occupying forces of Nazi Germany. Coastal artillery batteries were built at Cap Béar just south of the town, but the Germans abandoned the area in August 1944 a few days after the Allied landings on the Côte d'Azur during Operation Dragoon.

Port-Vendres is twinned with:

• Yorktown, Virginia, United States
• Zweibrücken, Germany

{{Historical populations

| align = none

| cols = 1

| percentages = pagr

| source = INSEE[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-66148#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE

| graph-pos = right

|1968 | 5705

|1975 | 5613

|1982 | 5246

|1990 | 5370

|1999 | 5881

|2007 | 4414

|2012 | 4227

|2017 | 4129

}}

• Banyuls AOC
• Paulilles
• Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons}}

• {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Port-Vendres |volume=22 |short=x}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20030407171544/http://port-vendres.com/anglais/trad/index.htm Tourism Office website]
• [http://www.mediterranees.net/sasl/articles/obelisque.html Detailed article about the obelisk] {{in lang|fr}}

{{Pyrénées-Orientales communes}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Portvendres}}

Category:Communes of Pyrénées-Orientales

Category:Seaside resorts in France