Port of Cape Town

The history of the port follows that of Cape Town, which traces its roots back to 6 April 1652 when Jan van Riebeeck of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) established a revictualing station there. Earlier explorers had called it Table Bay from the late 15th century onwards.

The first harbour construction was a jetty built in 1654 by Jan van Riebeeck. Ships all anchored in the bay, and goods were transferred to and from the shore by smaller vessels. Table Bay is notorious for violent winter storms, when the wind blows on to a lee shore.

Massive shipping losses were sustained by the Dutch Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC), to the extent that eventually Table Bay was closed during the winter months, and ships were ordered to use Simon's Bay (part of False Bay, where Simon's Town is now) in winter.

A vicious storm in 1858, long after the demise of the VOC, saw 30 ships blown ashore and wrecked, with huge loss of life. Lloyd's of London declined all further insurance on ships in Table Bay in winter, resulting in the British Colonial Government starting the construction, in 1860, of the first breakwater. This developed into the Victoria and Alfred Basin, the first safe harbour. There has been extensive expansion since then.

During the 2005/06 financial year, the Port of Cape Town handled 3,400 vessels for a gross tonnage of 48,778,963-gt. Total cargo handled at the port (excluding containers) was 3,718,005 tonnes; container tonnage is estimated at 9.948 million tonnes. In 2010, the port handled 719,825 TEU.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

The 2022 World Bank Container Port Performance Index ranked Cape Town 344th out of the 348 ports surveyed.{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=World |title=The Container Port Performance Index 2022 : A Comparable Assessment of Performance Based on Vessel Time in Port |url=https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099051723134019182/P1758330d05f3607f09690076fedcf4e71a |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=World Bank |language=en}} Shipping company Maersk announced that they would be bypassing the Port of Cape Town from December 2023 due to reliability and transit time concerns.{{Cite web |title=Port of Cape Town tackles challenges, maps improvement plan |url=https://www.capetownetc.com/news/port-of-cape-town-tackles-challenges-maps-improvement-plan/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=www.capetownetc.com}}{{Cite web |date=2024-01-07 |title=Massive developments phased in at Port of Cape Town |url=https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2024-01-07-all-hands-on-deck-as-huge-developments-are-phased-in-at-the-port-of-cape-town/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}

In the 2023 World Bank report, the Port of Cape Town slipped to bottom of the 405 ports surveyed.{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=Dead last among 405 ports – SA flies the CPPI rogues flag again |url=https://www.freightnews.co.za/article/dead-last-among-405-ports-sa-flies-cppi-rogues-flag-again |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Freight News |language=en}} However, in June 2024, Transnet stated that the Performance Index contained factual errors that it had no opportunity to contest or correct.

Transnet further stated that it had met with World Bank representatives to raise these issues, and that in light of potential reputational impacts, the two parties had reached an agreement to allow measured terminals an opportunity to comment on the index in future.{{cite web|url= https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/transnet-claims-world-bank-container-port-index-contains-factual-errors-2024-06-12 |title= Transnet claims World Bank container port index contains ‘factual errors’ |author= Terence Creamer |publisher= Engineering News |date= 12 June 2024 |access-date= 18 June 2025 }}

In January 2024, fruit exporters threatened to sue Transnet for losses, with some fruit exports having declined 60% from the previous year as a result of the logistics problems at the port.{{Cite web |last=Ebrahim |first=Na'ilah |title=Fruit exports plummet as Cape Town port catastrophe worsens |url=https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/fruit-exports-plummet-as-cape-town-port-catastrophe-worsens-20240119 |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=Business |language=en-US}}

File:Cape Town (ZA), Table Mountain, Blick auf den Hafen -- 2024 -- 2828.jpg (background), Foreshore (mid-left), and District Six (bottom right)]]

File:Seal in port, Cape Town (3180487746).jpg in the port]]

File:Cape Town 2012 05 14 0234 (7365145104).jpg) is in the background]]

File:RMS Queen Mary 2 lin Cape Town 2011 001.jpg, a British ocean liner, near the Port of Cape Town]]

The port evolved greatly over the centuries and currently consists of several main components:

• The Ben Schoeman Dock: This is the larger outer dock of the port, where the container terminal is situated.
• The Duncan Dock: This is the smaller and the older inner dock, containing the multi-purpose and fruit terminals as well as a dry dock, repair quay and tanker basin.
• The yachting marina.
• The Victoria and Alfred Basins: These were the main piers of the original Cape Town harbour, but now house the Victoria & Alfred Waterfront. However, these basins are still used by smaller commercial vessels such as fishing and pleasure boats and also by smaller passenger cruise ships.

Because of its position along one of the world's busiest trade routes, the Port of Cape Town is one of the busiest ports in South Africa, handling the largest amount of fresh fruit. It is second only to Durban as a container port.

The port also has significant repair and maintenance facilities that are used by several large fishing fleets. Because of the many tourist attractions offered by Cape Town and its surrounding region, many cruise ships also berth in the port.

The Port of Cape Town is home to the Cape Town Cruise Terminal, where many large cruise ships dock, forming part of the city's thriving tourism industry.

Other terminals at the Port of Cape Town include:

• Container (CTCT)
• Dry bulk (CTAR)
• Break-bulk (CTAR & FPT)
• Liquid bulk (Chevron, Grindrod, and others)
• Fabrication site (Mossgas)

The port serves the South African and West African oil and gas industries, with its specialist deep water facilities.

The port is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. All vessels berthing in the port require a pilot on board. Transfer is by pilot boat but plans have been made to introduce a helicopter transfer service. Several tugs, launches, workboatsm and other specialized vessels are operated by the port.

The Transnet National Ports Authority (owned by the national government) is the landlord of the port, and deals with all aspects of port management and control, compliance, and the maintenance of port infrastructure, including the quays, buildings, and the leasing of all unused land for port-related activities.

In January 2024, it was announced that major upgrades would be undertaken at the Port of Cape Town. These included the procurement of technical equipment to stabilize vessels during adverse weather, and a helicopter piloting service to improve efficiency and in-depth research towards a more accurate predictive model for wind - which was shutting down operations for around 1,200 hours per year.{{cite web|url= https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2024-01-07-all-hands-on-deck-as-huge-developments-are-phased-in-at-the-port-of-cape-town/ |title= Massive developments phased in at Port of Cape Town |author= Sue Segar |publisher= Mail & Guardian |date= 7 January 2024 |access-date= 18 June 2025 }}

Port of Cape Town Manager, Rajesh Dana, stated that the development of the Culemborg precinct of land adjacent to the port would enhance the port's operations significantly. The Culemborg Intermodal Logistics Precinct Development project, which is being rolled out in a phased approach, will see the precinct integrate port, road, and rail connectivity for back-of-port facilities, and enable moving cargo between Culemborg and the port.

In April 2025, the port acquired the first 9 of a total of 28 new rubber-tired gantry cranes it had ordered, which Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), Liebherr Africa, had begun assembling onsite. The Cape Town Container Terminal (CTCT) said the investment in new equipment would largely benefit the agricultural sectors and regional exporters. The cranes would allow operating speeds to reach up to 90 kilometers per hour, a significant improvement over the 72 kph cap of its existing 2 cranes.{{cite web|url= https://www.freightnews.co.za/article/cape-town-port-acquires-new-cranes |title= Cape Town Port acquires new cranes |author= Staff reporter |publisher= Freight News by FTW |date= 17 April 2025 |access-date= 18 June 2025 }}

Rubber-tired gantry cranes are mainly used as stacking equipment, and for moving containers between the stack and the ship-to-shore cranes. The CTCT is expected to take delivery of the next 9 cranes in November 2025, and the final 10 in June 2026.

Also in April 2025, it was announced that Transnet Port Terminals (TPT) was embarking on an ambitious development program that includes procuring new equipment and expanding capacity at the Cape Town Container Terminal, in a bid to enhance operation efficiency. The announcement was made at an engagement between TPT and the South African Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Sacci). At the time, TPT was expecting new equipment that would improve port efficiency to be delivered over the period from the end of March 2025 to May 2026. The equipment includes 7 ship-to-shore cranes.{{cite web|url= https://iol.co.za/business-report/economy/2025-03-23-transnet-port-terminals-lays-out-ambitious-plans-for-cape-towns-port-improvements/ |title= Transnet Port Terminals lays out ambitious plans for Cape Town's port improvements |author= Yogashen Pillay |publisher= IOL |date= 23 March 2025 |access-date= 18 June 2025 }}

Transnet stated at the time that, with significant demand for capacity at the terminal, it would be aligning terminal and berthing capacity to 1.4 million TEUs, and in line with that, upgrading functions such as truck staging facilities and associated processes. It was also considering realigning rail infrastructure. Western Cape Terminals stated that it wanted to grow the port's container business, and aimed to increase the Cape Town Container Terminal's landside capacity.

The Cape Town Multipurpose Terminal (CTMT) will be developed into an agricultural hub, for barley, wheat grain, and rice. CTCT will be expanded to service agricultural citrus and deciduous fruit linked to the hinterland. The Port of Cape Town will also support the hub port at the Port of Durban.

Western Cape Terminals further said that the port was looking at building additional reefer capacity for refrigerated goods and to build agility. To do so, private sector participation and two additional generators would be required.

{{Gallery

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|File:Cape Town (ZA), Waterfront, Hafen, Schiffe -- 2024 -- 2881.jpg

|Tug boats Umbilo, Usiba, and Enseleni

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|Tugboats Kestrel and Blue Jay

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|Jetty 1

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|The port at night

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|The V&A Waterfront, situated to the right of the port. Both are located in the City Bowl area, beneath Table Mountain

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|File:At Cape Town (MP) 2018 133.jpg

|Cranes at the port

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|The Port of Cape Town control tower

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• List of ports of entry in South Africa
• Cape Town CBD
• Economy of the Western Cape
• Economy of South Africa
• 2021 Transnet Cyberattack

{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100301080455/http://www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net/NPA_ports_cape_town_overview.html Official website]

{{Cape Town|transport}}

Category:Transport in Cape Town

Cape Town