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Portuguese conjugation#Pronunciation of present inflections

{{Short description|Grammatical forms of verbs in the Portuguese language}}

{{unreferenced|date=September 2017}}

Portuguese verbs display a high degree of inflection. A typical regular verb has over fifty different forms, expressing up to six different grammatical tenses and three moods. Two forms are peculiar to Portuguese within the Romance languages:

It has also several verbal periphrases.

Overview

Portuguese verbs have the following properties.

  1. Two numbers—singular, plural
  2. Three persons—first, second, third
  3. Three aspects—perfective, imperfective, progressive*
  4. Two voices—active, passive*
  5. Six morphological forms for tenses, aspects, and/or moods—present, preterite, imperfect, pluperfect, future, and conditional.
  6. Three (or four) moods—indicative, subjunctive, imperative (and conditional, according to some authors)

Classes with an asterisk are entirely periphrastic. The passive voice can be constructed in two different ways. The pluperfect and the future of the indicative mood, as well as the conditional form, are often replaced with other verbal constructions or verbal periphrases in the spoken language.

Basic tenses and moods

Conjugation is demonstrated here with the important irregular verb fazer, "to do":

class="wikitable"

! rowspan="2" | number

! rowspan="2" | person

! colspan="5" | Indicative mood

! rowspan="2" | Conditional{{efn|name=fn3}}

Present

!Preterite

!Imperfect

!Pluperfect{{efn|name=fn1}}

!Future{{efn|name=fn2}}

rowspan="3" | singular

!1st

|faço

|fiz

|fazia

|fizera

|farei

|faria

2nd

|fazes

|fizeste

|fazias

|fizeras

|farás

|farias

3rd

|faz

|fez

|fazia

|fizera

|fará

|faria

rowspan="3" | plural

!1st

|fazemos

|fizemos

|fazíamos

|fizéramos

|faremos

|faríamos

2nd

|fazeis

|fizestes

|fazíeis

|fizéreis

|fareis

|faríeis

3rd

|fazem

|fizeram

|faziam

|fizeram

|farão

|fariam

rowspan="2" | number

! rowspan="2" | person

! colspan="5" | Subjunctive mood

! rowspan="2" | Personal
infinitive{{efn|name=fn4}}

Present

!Preterite

!Imperfect

!Pluperfect

!Future{{efn|name=fn4}}

rowspan="3" | singular

!1st

|faça

|tenha feito

|fizesse

|tivesse feito

|fizer

|fazer

2nd

|faças

|tenhas feito

|fizesses

|tivesses feito

|fizeres

|fazeres

3rd

|faça

|tenha feito

|fizesse

|tivesse feito

|fizer

|fazer

rowspan="3" | plural

!1st

|façamos

|tenhamos feito

|fizéssemos

|tivéssemos feito

|fizermos

|fazermos

2nd

|façais

|tenhais feito

|fizésseis

|tivésseis feito

|fizerdes

|fazerdes

3rd

|façam

|tenham feito

|fizessem

|tivessem feito

|fizerem

|fazerem

rowspan="2" | number

! rowspan="2" | person

! colspan="2" |Imperative mood{{efn|name=fn5}}

! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Infinitive

| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|fazer

Affirmative imperative

! Negative imperative

rowspan="3" | singular

!1st

| N/A

| N/A

! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Past participle

| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|feito

2nd

|faz/faze

|faças

3rd

|faça

|faça

! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Present participle{{efn|name=fn6}}

| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|faciente

rowspan="3" | plural

!1st

|façamos

|façamos

2nd

|fazei

|façais

! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Gerund

| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|fazendo

3rd

|façam

|façam

Periphrastic forms are as follows:

class="wikitable"

|+

rowspan="2" | Tense

! rowspan="2" | Basic

! colspan="2" | Progressive

! rowspan="2" | Perfect

! colspan="2" | Perfect progressive

Infinitive

!Gerund

!Infinitive

!Gerund

Present

| faço

| estou a fazer

|estou fazendo

| tenho feito

| tenho estado a fazer

|tenho estado fazendo

Past

| fiz

| estava a fazer

|estava fazendo

| tinha feito

| tinha estado a fazer

|tinha estado fazendo

Future

| farei

| estarei a fazer

|estarei fazendo

| terei feito

| terei estado a fazer

|terei estado fazendo

=Notes=

{{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=fn1|The pluperfect indicative can also be expressed with an equivalent periphrasis.}}

{{efn|name=fn2|The future indicative is usually replaced with a periphrasis or the present indicative in the spoken language.}}

{{efn|name=fn3|The Portuguese conditional is sometimes replaced with a periphrasis or with the imperfect indicative in the spoken language. Some authors regard it as a mood of its own, others treat it as a tense of the indicative mood.}}

{{efn|name=fn4|In regular verbs, the future subjunctive and the personal infinitive are identical.}}

{{efn|name=fn5|See the section on the imperative, below.}}

{{efn|name=fn6|Not in common use today except for some adjectives or nouns that are typically replaced by the corresponding agent nouns ("-dor(a)", "-ista", etc.) or the standard gerund. See below.}}

}}

=Description=

The tenses correspond to:

  • Present (presente): "I do" or "I am doing".
  • Preterite (pretérito, or pretérito perfeito): "I did" or "I have done".
  • Imperfect (imperfeito, or pretérito imperfeito): "I did", "I used to do", "I was doing".
  • Pluperfect (mais-que-perfeito, or pretérito mais-que-perfeito): "I had done".
  • Future (futuro, or futuro do presente in Brazilian Portuguese): "I will do", "I am going to do".
  • Conditional (condicional, or futuro do pretérito in Brazilian Portuguese): "I would do". Used in some types of conditional sentences, as a form of courtesy, or as a future-in-the-past.

The five non-finite forms generally correspond to:

  • (Impersonal) infinitive (infinitivo, or infinitivo impessoal): equivalent to English "to do".
  • Past participle (particípio, or particípio passado): equivalent to English "done".
  • Present participle (particípio presente): Uncommon in modern speech. Somewhat equivalent to English "doer", or used as an adjective relating to an ongoing action, or that action in general. For example, "falante" can mean "talking (+ noun)", "talkative" or "speaker". See notes above.
  • Gerund (gerúndio): equivalent to English "(is) doing". Used to actually show/describe ongoing action.
  • Personal infinitive (infinitivo pessoal): "(for me) to do", an infinitive which inflects according to its subject; a rare feature that Portuguese shares with Galician.

The moods are used roughly as follows:

  • Indicative (indicativo): for factual statements or positive beliefs. Example of an English equivalent: "I have done".
  • Subjunctive (subjuntivo, or conjuntivo): mostly used when speaking of unreal, uncertain, or unassumed conditions: "Were I to do".
  • Imperative (imperativo): for direct commands or requests; equivalent to the English "Do!"

For the Portuguese personal pronouns (which are omitted whenever they can be inferred from the ending of the conjugated verb or the context), see Portuguese personal pronouns and possessives.

Conjugations

Regular verbs belong to one of three conjugation classes, distinguished by the ending of their infinitive forms (which is also their citation form):

  • Those whose infinitive ends in -ar belong to the first conjugation (e.g. lavar, matar, ladrar);
  • Those whose infinitive ends in -er belong to the second conjugation (e.g. correr, comer, colher);
  • Those whose infinitive ends in -ir belong to the third conjugation (e.g. partir, destruir, urdir);

The verb pôr is conventionally placed in the second conjugation by many authors, since it is derived from Old Portuguese poer (Latin ponere). In any event, this is an irregular verb whose conjugation must be learned on its own. Other verbs with infinitives ending in -or, such as depor, compor, and propor are derivatives of pôr, and are conjugated in the same way.

=First conjugation (''cantar'')=

class="wikitable"

! rowspan="2" |number

! rowspan="2" |person

! colspan="5" |Indicative mood

! rowspan="2" |Conditional

Present

!Preterite

!Imperfect

!Pluperfect

!Future

rowspan="3" |singular

!1st

|canto

|cantei

|cantava

|cantara

|cantarei

|cantaria

2nd

|cantas

|cantaste

|cantavas

|cantaras

|cantarás

|cantarias

3rd

|canta

|cantou

|cantava

|cantara

|cantará

|cantaria

rowspan="3" |plural

!1st

|cantamos

|cantámosEP
cantamosBP

|cantávamos

|cantáramos

|cantaremos

|cantaríamos

2nd

|cantais

|cantastes

|cantáveis

|cantáreis

|cantareis

|cantaríeis

3rd

|cantam

|cantaram

|cantavam

|cantaram

|cantarão

|cantariam

rowspan="2" |number

! rowspan="2" |person

! colspan="5" |Subjunctive mood

! rowspan="2" |Personal
infinitive

Present

!Preterite

!Imperfect

!Pluperfect

!Future

rowspan="3" |singular

!1st

|cante

|tenha cantado

|cantasse

|tivesse cantado

|cantar

|cantar

2nd

|cantes

|tenhas cantado

|cantasses

|tivesses cantado

|cantares

|cantares

3rd

|cante

|tenha cantado

|cantasse

|tivesse cantado

|cantar

|cantar

rowspan="3" |plural

!1st

|cantemos

|tenhamos cantado

|cantássemos

|tivéssemos cantado

|cantarmos

|cantarmos

2nd

|canteis

|tenhais cantado

|cantásseis

|tivésseis cantado

|cantardes

|cantardes

3rd

|cantem

|tenham cantado

|cantassem

|tivessem cantado

|cantarem

|cantarem

rowspan="2" | number

! rowspan="2" | person

! colspan="2" |Imperative mood

! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Infinitive

| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|cantar

Affirmative imperative

! Negative imperative

rowspan="3" | singular

!1st

| N/A

| N/A

! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Past participle

| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|cantado

2nd

|canta

|cantes

3rd

|cante

|cante

! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Present participle

| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|cantante

rowspan="3" | plural

!1st

|cantemos

|cantemos

2nd

|cantai

|canteis

! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Gerund

| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|cantando

3rd

|cantem

|cantem

=Second conjugation (''comer'')=

class="wikitable"

! rowspan="2" |number

! rowspan="2" |person

! colspan="5" |Indicative mood

! rowspan="2" |Conditional

Present

!Preterite

!Imperfect

!Pluperfect

!Future

rowspan="3" |singular

!1st

|como

|comi

|comia

|comera

|comerei

|comeria

2nd

|comes

|comeste

|comias

|comeras

|comerás

|comerias

3rd

|come

|comeu

|comia

|comera

|comerá

|comeria

rowspan="3" |plural

!1st

|comemos

|comemos

|comíamos

|comêramos

|comeremos

|comeríamos

2nd

|comeis

|comestes

|comíeis

|comêreis

|comereis

|comeríeis

3rd

|comem

|comeram

|comiam

|comeram

|comerão

|comeriam

rowspan="2" |number

! rowspan="2" |person

! colspan="5" |Subjunctive mood

! rowspan="2" |Personal
infinitive

Present

!Preterite

!Imperfect

!Pluperfect

!Future

rowspan="3" |singular

!1st

|coma

|tenha comido

|comesse

|tivesse comido

|comer

|comer

2nd

|comas

|tenhas comido

|comesses

|tivesses comido

|comeres

|comeres

3rd

|coma

|tenha comido

|comesse

|tivesse comido

|comer

|comer

rowspan="3" |plural

!1st

|comamos

|tenhamos comido

|comêssemos

|tivéssemos comido

|comermos

|comermos

2nd

|comais

|tenhais comido

|comêsseis

|tivésseis comido

|comerdes

|comerdes

3rd

|comam

|tenham comido

|comessem

|tivessem comido

|comerem

|comerem

rowspan="2" | number

! rowspan="2" | person

! colspan="2" |Imperative mood

! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Infinitive

| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|comer

Affirmative imperative

! Negative imperative

rowspan="3" | singular

!1st

| N/A

| N/A

! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Past participle

| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|comido

2nd

|come

|comas

3rd

|coma

|coma

rowspan="3" | plural

!1st

|comamos

|comamos

2nd

|comei

|comais

! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Gerund

| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|comendo

3rd

|comam

|comam

=Third conjugation (''partir'')=

class="wikitable"
rowspan="2" | number

! rowspan="2" | person

! colspan="5" | Indicative mood

! rowspan="2" | Conditional

Present

!Preterite

!Imperfect

!Pluperfect

!Future

rowspan="3" | singular

!1st

|parto

|parti

|partia

|partira

|partirei

|partiria

2nd

|partes

|partiste

|partias

|partiras

|partirás

|partirias

3rd

|parte

|partiu

|partia

|partira

|partirá

|partiria

rowspan="3" |plural

!1st

|partimos

|partimos

|partíamos

|partíramos

|partiremos

|partiríamos

2nd

|partis

|partistes

|partíeis

|partíreis

|partireis

|partiríeis

3rd

|partem

|partiram

|partiam

|partiram

|partirão

|partiriam

rowspan="2" |number

! rowspan="2" |person

! colspan="5" |Subjunctive mood

! rowspan="2" |Personal
infinitive

Present

!Preterite

!Imperfect

!Pluperfect

!Future

rowspan="3" | singular

!1st

|parta

|tenha partido

|partisse

|tivesse partido

|partir

|partir

2nd

|partas

|tenhas partido

|partisses

|tivesses partido

|partires

|partires

3rd

|parta

|tenha partido

|partisse

|tivesse partido

|partir

|partir

rowspan="3"|plural

!1st

|partamos

|tenhamos partido

|partíssemos

|tivéssemos partido

|partirmos

|partirmos

2nd

|partais

|tenhais partido

|partísseis

|tivésseis partido

|partirdes

|partirdes

3rd

|partam

|tenham partido

|partissem

|tivessem partido

|partirem

|partirem

rowspan="2" | number

! rowspan="2" | person

! colspan="2" |Imperative mood

! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Infinitive

| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|partir

Affirmative imperative

! Negative imperative

rowspan="3" | singular

!1st

| N/A

| N/A

! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Past participle

| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|partido

2nd

|parte

|partas

3rd

|parta

|parta

rowspan="3" | plural

!1st

|partamos

|partamos

2nd

|parti

|partais

! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Gerund

| colspan="2" rowspan="2"|partindo

3rd

|partam

|partam

=Quick reference=

class="wikitable"
colspan="4" | Non-finite forms

! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Imperative

Infinitive || Past participle || Present participle || Gerund
rowspan="2" | -ar
-er
-ir

| rowspan="2" | -ado
-ido
-ido

| rowspan="2" | -ante
-ente
-inte

| rowspan="2" | -ando
-endo
-indo

! (tu)

| -a
-e
-e

(vós)

| -ai
-ei
-i

class="wikitable"
rowspan="2" | Person

! colspan="6" | Indicative

! colspan="2" | Subjunctive

! rowspan="2" | Future subj. or
personal infin.

Present

! Preterite

! Imperfect

! Pluperfect

! Future

! Conditional

! Present

! Imperfect

eu

| -o
-o
-o

| -ei
-i
-i

| -ava
-ia
-ia

| -ara
-era
-ira

| -arei
-erei
-irei

| -aria
-eria
-iria

| -e
-a
-a

| -asse
-esse
-isse

| -ar
-er
-ir

tu

| -as
-es
-es

| -aste
-este
-iste

| -avas
-ias
-ias

| -aras
-eras
-iras

| -arás
-erás
-irás

| -arias
-erias
-irias

| -es
-as
-as

| -asses
-esses
-isses

| -ares
-eres
-ires

ele/ela

| -a
-e
-e

| -ou
-eu
-iu

| -ava
-ia
-ia

| -ara
-era
-ira

| -ará
-erá
-irá

| -aria
-eria
-iria

| -e
-a
-a

| -asse
-esse
-isse

| -ar
-er
-ir

nós

| -amos
-emos
-imos

| -ámosEP/-amosBP
-emos
-imos

| -ávamos
-íamos
-íamos

| -áramos
-êramos
-íramos

| -aremos
-eremos
-iremos

| -aríamos
-eríamos
-iríamos

| -emos
-amos
-amos

| -ássemos
-êssemos
-íssemos

| -armos
-ermos
-irmos

vós

| -ais
-eis
-is

| -astes
-estes
-istes

| -áveis
-íeis
-íeis

| -áreis
-êreis
-íreis

| -areis
-ereis
-ireis

| -aríeis
-eríeis
-iríeis

| -eis
-ais
-ais

| -ásseis
-êsseis
-ísseis

| -ardes
-erdes
-irdes

eles/elas

| -am
-em
-em

| -aram
-eram
-iram

| -avam
-iam
-iam

| -aram
-eram
-iram

| -arão
-erão
-irão

| -ariam
-eriam
-iriam

| -em
-am
-am

| -assem
-essem
-issem

| -arem
-erem
-irem

Important irregular verbs

The following irregular verbs are used as auxiliary verbs in various periphrastic constructions.

=''ter'' – to have=

class="wikitable"
rowspan="2" | number || rowspan="2" | person || colspan="5" | Indicative mood || rowspan="2" | Conditional
Present || Preterite || Imperfect || Pluperfect || Future
rowspan="3" | singular

! 1st

| tenho || tive || tinha || tivera || terei || teria

2nd

| tens || tiveste || tinhas || tiveras || terás || terias

3rd

| tem || teve || tinha || tivera || terá || teria

rowspan="3" | plural

! 1st

| temos || tivemos || tínhamos || tivéramos || teremos || teríamos

2nd

| tendes || tivestes || tínheis || tivéreis || tereis || teríeis

3rd

| têm || tiveram || tinham || tiveram || terão || teriam

rowspan="2" | number || rowspan="2" | person || colspan="5" | Subjunctive mood || rowspan="2" | Personal
infinitive
Present || Preterite || Imperfect || Pluperfect || Future
rowspan="3" | singular

! 1st

| tenha || tenha tido || tivesse || tivesse tido || tiver || ter

2nd

| tenhas || tenhas tido || tivesses || tivesses tido || tiveres || teres

3rd

| tenha || tenha tido || tivesse || tivesse tido || tiver || ter

rowspan="3" | plural

! 1st

| tenhamos || tenhamos tido || tivéssemos || tivéssemos tido || tivermos || termos

2nd

| tenhais || tenhais tido || tivésseis || tivésseis tido || tiverdes || terdes

3rd

| tenham || tenham tido || tivessem || tivessem tido || tiverem || terem

align=left

! colspan="4" | Imperative mood

colspan="2" | Infinitive

| colspan="2" | ter

align=left

! colspan="2" | 2nd pers. sing.

| colspan="2" | tem

! colspan="2" | Past participle

| colspan="2" | tido

align=left

! colspan="2" | 2nd pers. plur.

| colspan="2" | tende

! colspan="2" | Gerund

| colspan="2" | tendo

=''estar'' – to be=

class="wikitable"
rowspan="2" | number || rowspan="2" | person || colspan="5" | Indicative mood || rowspan="2" | Conditional
Present || Preterite || Imperfect || Pluperfect || Future
rowspan="3" | singular

! 1st

| estou || estive || estava || estivera || estarei || estaria

2nd

| estás || estiveste || estavas || estiveras || estarás || estarias

3rd

| está || esteve || estava || estivera || estará || estaria

rowspan="3" | plural

! 1st

| estamos || estivemos || estávamos || estivéramos || estaremos || estaríamos

2nd

| estais || estivestes || estáveis || estivéreis || estareis || estaríeis

3rd

| estão || estiveram || estavam || estiveram || estarão || estariam

rowspan="2" | number || rowspan="2" | person || colspan="5" | Subjunctive mood || rowspan="2" | Personal
infinitive
Present || Preterite || Imperfect || Pluperfect || Future
rowspan="3" | singular

! 1st

| esteja || tenha estado || estivesse || tivesse estado || estiver || estar

2nd

| estejas || tenhas estado || estivesses || tivesses estado || estiveres || estares

3rd

| esteja || tenha estado || estivesse || tivesse estado || estiver || estar

rowspan="3" | plural

! 1st

| estejamos || tenhamos estado || estivéssemos || tivéssemos estado || estivermos || estarmos

2nd

| estejais || tenhais estado || estivésseis || tivésseis estado || estiverdes || estardes

3rd

| estejam || tenham estado || estivessem || tivessem estado || estiverem || estarem

align=left

! colspan="4" | Imperative mood

colspan="2" | Infinitive

| colspan="2" | estar

align=left

! colspan="2" | 2nd pers. sing.

| colspan="2" | está

! colspan="2" | Past participle

| colspan="2" | estado

align=left

! colspan="2" | 2nd pers. plur.

| colspan="2" | estai

! colspan="2" | Gerund

| colspan="2" | estando

=''ser'' – to be=

class="wikitable"
rowspan="2" | number || rowspan="2" | person || colspan="5" | Indicative mood || rowspan="2" | Conditional
Present || Preterite || Imperfect || Pluperfect || Future
rowspan="3" | singular

! 1st

| sou || fui || era || fora || serei || seria

2nd

| és || foste || eras || foras || serás || serias

3rd

| é || foi || era || fora || será || seria

rowspan="3" | plural

! 1st

| somos || fomos || éramos || fôramos || seremos || seríamos

2nd

| sois || fostes || éreis || fôreis || sereis || seríeis

3rd

| são || foram || eram || foram || serão || seriam

rowspan="2" | number || rowspan="2" | person || colspan="5" | Subjunctive mood || rowspan="2" | Personal
infinitive
Present || Preterite || Imperfect || Pluperfect || Future
rowspan="3" | singular

! 1st

| seja || tenha sido || fosse || tivesse sido || for || ser

2nd

| sejas || tenhas sido || fosses || tivesses sido || fores || seres

3rd

| seja || tenha sido || fosse || tivesse sido || for || ser

rowspan="3" | plural

! 1st

| sejamos || tenhamos sido || fôssemos || tivéssemos sido || formos || sermos

2nd

| sejais || tenhais sido || fôsseis || tivésseis sido || fordes || serdes

3rd

| sejam || tenham sido || fossem || tivessem sido || forem || serem

align=left

! colspan="4" | Imperative mood

colspan="2" | Infinitive

| colspan="2" | ser

align=left

! colspan="2" | 2nd pers. sing.

| colspan="2" | sê

! colspan="2" | Past participle

| colspan="2" | sido

align=left

! colspan="2" | 3rd pers. sing.

| colspan="2" | seja

! colspan="2" | Present participle

| colspan="2" | ente

align=left

! colspan="2" | 2nd pers. plur.

| colspan="2" | sede

! colspan="2" | Gerund

| colspan="2" | sendo

=''haver'' – to have, to happen, there to be=

class="wikitable"
rowspan="2" | number || rowspan="2" | person || colspan="5" | Indicative mood || rowspan="2" | Conditional
Present || Preterite || Imperfect || Pluperfect || Future
rowspan="3" | singular

! 1st

| hei || houve || havia || houvera || haverei || haveria

2nd

| hás || houveste || havias || houveras || haverás || haverias

3rd

| há || houve || havia || houvera || haverá || haveria

rowspan="3" | plural

! 1st

| havemos
hemos (archaic) || houvemos || havíamos || houvéramos || haveremos || haveríamos

2nd

| haveis
heis (archaic) || houvestes || havíeis || houvéreis || havereis || haveríeis

3rd

| hão || houveram || haviam || houveram || haverão || haveriam

rowspan="2" | number || rowspan="2" | person || colspan="5" | Subjunctive mood || rowspan="2" | Personal
infinitive
Present || Preterite || Imperfect || Pluperfect || Future
rowspan="3" | singular

! 1st

| haja || tenha havido || houvesse || tivesse havido || houver || haver

2nd

| hajas || tenhas havido || houvesses || tivesses havido || houveres || haveres

3rd

| haja || tenha havido || houvesse || tivesse havido || houver || haver

rowspan="3" | plural

! 1st

| hajamos || tenhamos havido || houvéssemos || tivéssemos havido || houvermos || havermos

2nd

| hajais || tenhais havido || houvésseis || tivésseis havido || houverdes || haverdes

3rd

| hajam || tenham havido || houvessem || tivessem havido || houverem || haverem

align=left

! colspan="4" | Imperative mood

colspan="2" | Infinitive

| colspan="2" | haver

align=left

! colspan="2" | 2nd pers. sing.

| colspan="2" | há

! colspan="2" | Past participle

| colspan="2" | havido

align=left

! colspan="2" | 2nd pers. plur.

| colspan="2" | havei

! colspan="2" | Gerund

| colspan="2" | havendo

=''pôr'' - to put=

class="wikitable"
rowspan="2" | number || rowspan="2" | person || colspan="5" | Indicative mood{{sfn|Freira|2008|p=89}} || rowspan="2" | Conditional{{sfn|Freira|2008|p=89}}
Present || Preterite || Imperfect || Pluperfect || Future
rowspan="3" | singular

! 1st

| ponho || pus || punha || pusera || porei || poria

2nd

| pões || puseste || punhas || puseras || porás || porias

3rd

| põe || pôs || punha || pusera ||porá || poria

rowspan="3" | plural

! 1st

| pomos || pusemos || púnhamos || puséramos || poremos || poríamos

2nd

| pondes || pusestes || púnheis || puséreis || poreis || poríeis

3rd

| põem || puseram || punham || puseram || porão || poriam

align=left

! colspan="4" | Imperative mood{{sfn|Freira|2008|p=89}}

colspan="2" | Infinitive{{sfn|Freira|2008|p=89}}

| colspan="2" | pôr

align=left

! colspan="2" | 2nd pers. sing.

| colspan="2" | põe

! colspan="2" | Past participle

| colspan="2" | posto

align=left

! colspan="2" | 2nd pers. plur.

| colspan="2" | ponde

! colspan="2" | Gerund

| colspan="2" | pondo

Conditional and future

There are few irregular verbs for these tenses (only [https://www.conjugateverb.com/pt/dizer dizer], [https://www.conjugateverb.com/pt/fazer fazer], [https://www.conjugateverb.com/pt/trazer trazer], and their compounds – also [https://www.conjugateverb.com/pt/haver haver], [https://www.conjugateverb.com/pt/ter ter], [https://www.conjugateverb.com/pt/ser ser], [https://www.conjugateverb.com/pt/ir ir], pôr, estar, etc. – for the subjunctive future imperfect). The indicative future imperfect, conditional, and subjunctive future imperfect are formed by adding to the infinitive of the verb the indicative present inflections of the auxiliary verb haver (dropping the h and av), the 2nd/3rd conjugation endings of the preterite, imperfect, and the personal infinitive endings, respectively. Thus, for the majority of verbs, the simple personal infinitive coincides with subjunctive future.

Imperative

The affirmative imperative for second person pronouns tu and vós is obtained from the present indicative, by deletion of the final -s (in some cases, an accent mark must be added to the vowel which precedes it). For other persons, and for negative clauses, the present subjunctive takes the role of imperative.

Pronunciation of present inflections

In the present tense, the stress fluctuates between the root and the termination. As a rule of thumb, the last radical vowel (the one that can be stressed) will retain its original pronunciation when unstressed (atonic) and change into {{IPA|[a]}}, {{IPA|[e/ɛ]}} (subjunctive or indicative 1st pers sing/infinitive), or {{IPA|[o/ɔ]}} (subjunctive or indicative 1st pers sing/infinitive) – depending on the vowel in question – in case it is stressed (is in a tonic syllable). Other vowels (u, i) and nasalized vowels (before closed syllables) stay unchanged, as well as the verbs with the diphthongs -ei, -eu, -oi, -ou; they always keep a closed-mid pronunciation; e.g. deixo {{IPA|/ej/}} (deixar), endeuso {{IPA|/ew/}} (endeusar), açoito {{IPA|/oj/}} (açoitar), roubo {{IPA|/ow/}} (roubar), etc. Alternation in stem-stressed forms is blocked when a nasal consonant ({{IPA|/m/}}, {{IPA|/n/}} or {{IPA|/ɲ/}}) follows, in which case the higher alternant (i.e. {{IPA|/ɐ/}}, {{IPA|/e/}} or {{IPA|/o/}}) is used in all forms. For example, in the verb comer, all of the forms como, comes, come, comem have {{IPA|/o/}}.

Example: Consider the conjugation of correr (analogous to comer, presented above) in the Indicative Present Simple. The first-person singular corro has {{IPA|[o]}} in the stressed vowel, while other forms corres, corre, correm have {{IPA|[ɔ]}}.

In Brazil, the following difference applies: Stem-unstressed forms consistently have {{IPA|/o/}} or {{IPA|/e/}} for most speakers in most verbs, but there are exceptions, with some dialects (e.g. northeastern Brazilian dialects) likely to present an open form {{IPA|/ɔ/}} or {{IPA|/ɛ/}}. At times, the difference is not particularly clear, producing {{IPA|[o̞]}}, {{IPA|[e̞]}}, particularly in transition zones like the states of Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and the Brazilian Federal District, unless vowel harmony is involved (e.g. comove "move, touch (emotionally)" {{IPA|[kɔˈmɔvi]}}).

This also has repercussions in the imperative and present subjunctive, for their inflections are constructed from the indicative present simple and indicative present simple in the 1st singular person respectively.

{{cleanup lang|date=June 2021}}

= Verbs ''pelar'', ''amar'' and ''rendar'' =

class="wikitable"

! rowspan="3" |number

! rowspan="3" |person

! colspan="9" |Present

colspan="3" |pelar
[pɨˈlaɾ]
[peˈlaʁ]

! colspan="3" |amar
[ɐˈmaɾ]
[aˈmaʁ]

! colspan="3" |rendar
[ʁẽˈdaɾ]
[ʁẽˈdaʁ]

Indicative

!Subjunctive

!Imperative

!Indicative

!Subjunctive

!Imperative

!Indicative

!Subjunctive

!Imperative

rowspan="3" |singular

!1st

|pelo
[ˈpɛlu]

|pele
[ˈpɛlɨ]
[ˈpɛli]

|N/A

|amo
[ˈɐmu]
[ˈɐ̃mu]

|ame
[ˈɐmɨ]
[ˈɐ̃mi]

|N/A

|rendo
[ˈʁẽdu]

|rende
[ˈʁẽdɨ]
[ˈʁẽdᶾi]

|N/A

2nd

|pelas
[ˈpɛlɐʃ]
[ˈpɛlɐs]

|peles
[ˈpɛlɨʃ]
[ˈpɛlis]

|pela
[ˈpɛlɐ]

|amas
[ˈɐmɐʃ]
[ˈɐ̃mɐs]

|ames
[ˈɐmɨʃ]
[ˈɐ̃mis]

|ama
[ˈɐmɐ]
[ˈɐ̃mɐ]

|rendas
[ˈʁẽdɐʃ]
[ˈʁẽdɐs]

|rendes
[ˈʁẽdɨʃ]
[ˈʁẽdᶾis]

|renda
[ˈʁẽdɐ]

3rd

|pela
[ˈpɛlɐ]

|colspan="2" |pele
[ˈpɛlɨ]
[ˈpɛli]

||ama
[ˈɐmɐ]
[ˈɐ̃mɐ]

|colspan="2" |ame
[ˈɐmɨ]
[ˈɐ̃mi]

|renda
[ˈʁẽdɐ]

|colspan="2" |rende
[ˈʁẽdɨ]
[ˈʁẽdᶾi]

rowspan="3" |plural

!1st

|pelamos
[pɨˈlɐmuʃ]
[peˈlɐ̃mus]

|colspan="2" |pelemos
[pɨˈlemuʃ]
[peˈlẽmus]

|amamos
[ɐˈmɐmuʃ]
[aˈmɐ̃mʊs]

|colspan="2" |amemos
[ɐˈmemuʃ]
[aˈmẽmus]

|rendamos
[ʁẽˈdɐmuʃ]
[ʁẽˈdɐ̃mʊs]

|colspan="2" |rendemos
[ʁẽˈdemuʃ]
[ʁẽˈdẽmus]

2nd

|pelais
[pɨˈlajʃ]
[peˈlajs]

|peleis
[pɨˈlejʃ ~ pɨˈlɐjʃ]
[peˈlejs]

|pelai
[pɨˈlaj]
[peˈlaj]

|amais
[ɐˈmajʃ]
[aˈmajs]

|ameis
[ɐˈmejʃ ~ ɐˈmɐjʃ]
[aˈmejs]

|amai
[ɐˈmaj]
[aˈmaj]

|rendais
[ʁẽˈdajʃ]
[ʁẽˈdajs]

|rendeis
[ʁẽˈdejʃ ~ ʁẽˈdɐjʃ]
[ʁẽˈdejs]

|rendai
[ʁẽˈdaj]

3rd

|pelam
[ˈpɛlɐ̃w̃]

|colspan="2" |pelem
[ˈpɛlẽj̃ ~ ˈpɛlɐ̃j̃]
[ˈpɛlẽj̃]

||amam
[ˈɐmɐ̃w̃]
[ˈɐ̃mɐ̃w̃]

|colspan="2" |amem
[ˈɐmẽj̃ ~ ˈɐmɐ̃j̃]
[ˈɐ̃mẽj̃]

|rendam
[ˈʁẽdɐ̃w̃]

|colspan="2" |rendem
[ˈʁẽdẽj̃ ~ ˈʁẽdɐ̃j̃]
[ˈʁẽdẽj̃]

= Verbs ''correr'', ''temer'' and ''vender'' =

class="wikitable"

! rowspan="3" |number

! rowspan="3" |person

! colspan="12" |Present

colspan="3" |correr
[kuˈʁeɾ]
[koˈʁeʁ]

! colspan="3" |temer
[tɨˈmeɾ]
[teˈmeʁ]

! colspan="3" |vender
[vẽˈdeɾ]
[vẽˈdeʁ]

Indicative

!Subjunctive

!Imperative

!Indicative

!Subjunctive

!Imperative

!Indicative

!Subjunctive

!Imperative

rowspan="3" |singular

!1st

|corro
[ˈkoʁu]

|corra
[ˈkoʁɐ]

|N/A

|temo
[ˈtemu]
[ˈtẽmu]

|tema
[ˈtemɐ]
[ˈtẽmɐ]

|N/A

|vendo
[ˈvẽdu]

|venda
[ˈvẽdɐ]

|N/A

2nd

|corres
[ˈkɔʁɨʃ]
[ˈkɔʁis]

|corras
[ˈkoʁɐʃ]
[ˈkoʁɐs]

|corre
[ˈkɔʁɨ]
[ˈkɔʁi]

|temes
[ˈtɛmɨʃ]
[ˈtẽmis]

|temas
[ˈtemɐʃ]
[ˈtẽmɐs]

|teme
[ˈtɛmɨ]
[ˈtẽmi]

|vendes
[ˈvẽdɨʃ]
[ˈvẽdᶾis]

|vendas
[ˈvẽdɐʃ]
[ˈvẽdɐs]

|vende
[ˈvẽdɨ]
[ˈvẽdᶾi]

3rd

|corre
[ˈkɔʁɨ]
[ˈkɔʁi]

|colspan="2" |corra
[ˈkoʁɐ]

|teme
[ˈtɛmɨ]
[ˈtẽmi]

|colspan="2" |tema
[ˈtemɐ]
[ˈtẽmɐ]

|vende
[ˈvẽdɨ]
[ˈvẽdᶾi]

|colspan="2" |venda
[ˈvẽdɐ]

rowspan="3" |plural

!1st

|corremos
[kuˈʁemuʃ]
[koˈʁẽmus]

|colspan="2" |corramos
[kuˈʁɐmuʃ]
[koˈʁɐ̃mus]

|tememos
[tɨˈmemuʃ]
[teˈmẽmus]

|colspan="2" |temamos
[tɨˈmɐmuʃ]
[teˈmɐ̃mus]

|vendemos
[vẽˈdemuʃ]
[vẽˈdẽmʊs]

|colspan="2" |vendamos
[vẽˈdɐmuʃ]
[vẽˈdɐ̃mus]

2nd

|correis
[kuˈʁejʃ ~ kuˈʁɐjʃ]
[koˈʁejs]

|corrais
[kuˈʁajʃ]
[ˈkoˈʁajs]

|correi
[kuˈʁej ~ kuˈʁɐj]
[koˈʁej]

|temeis
[tɨˈmejʃ ~ tɨˈmɐjʃ]
[teˈmejs]

|temais
[tɨˈmajʃ]
[teˈmajs]

|temei
[tɨˈmej ~ tɨˈmɐj]
[teˈmej]

|vendeis
[vẽˈdejʃ ~ vẽˈdɐjʃ]
[vẽˈdejs]

|vendais
[vẽˈdajʃ]
[vẽˈdajs]

|vendei
[vẽˈdej ~ vẽˈdɐj]
[vẽˈdej]

3rd

|correm
[ˈkɔʁẽj̃ ~ ˈkɔʁɐ̃j̃]
[ˈkɔʁẽj̃]

|colspan="2" |corram
[ˈkoʁɐ̃w̃]

|temem
[ˈtɛmẽj̃ ~ ˈtɛmɐ̃j̃]
[ˈtẽmẽj̃]

|colspan="2" |temam
[ˈtemɐ̃w̃]
[ˈtẽmɐ̃w̃]

|vendem
[ˈvẽdẽj̃ ~ ˈvẽdɐ̃j̃]
[ˈvẽdẽj̃]

|colspan="2" |vendam
[ˈvẽdɐ̃w̃]

{{notelist-lr}}

= Verbs ''dormir'', ''lenir'' and ''sentir'' =

class="wikitable"

! rowspan="3" |number

! rowspan="3" |person

! colspan="9" |Present

colspan="3" |dormir
[duɾˈmiɾ]
[doʁˈmiʁ]

! colspan="3" |lenir
[lɨˈniɾ]
[leˈniʁ]

! colspan="3" |sentir
[sẽˈtiɾ]
[sẽˈtᶴiʁ]

Indicative

!Subjunctive

!Imperative

!Indicative

!Subjunctive

!Imperative

!Indicative

!Subjunctive

!Imperative

rowspan="3" |singular

!1st

|durmo
[ˈduɾmu]
[ˈduʁmu]

|durma
[ˈduɾmɐ]
[ˈduʁmɐ]

|N/A

|leno
[ˈlenu]
[ˈlẽnu]

|lena
[ˈlenɐ]
[ˈlẽnɐ]

|N/A

|sinto
[ˈsĩtu]

|sinta
[ˈsĩtɐ]

|N/A

2nd

|dormes
[ˈdɔɾmɨʃ]
[ˈdɔʁmis]

|durmas
[ˈduɾmɐʃ]
[ˈduʁmɐs]

|dorme
[ˈdɔɾmɨ]
[ˈdɔʁmi]

|lenes
[ˈlɛnɨʃ]
[ˈlẽnis]

|lenas
[ˈlɛnɐʃ]
[ˈlẽnɐs]

|lene
[ˈlɛnɨ]
[ˈlẽni]

|sentes
[ˈsẽtɨʃ]
[ˈsẽtᶴis]

|sintas
[ˈsĩtɐʃ]
[ˈsĩtɐs]

|sente
[ˈsẽtɨ]
[ˈsẽtᶴi]

3rd

|dorme
[ˈdɔɾmɨ]
[ˈdɔʁmi]

|colspan="2" |durma
[ˈduɾmɐ]
[ˈduʁmɐ]

|lene
[ˈlɛnɨ]
[ˈlẽni]

|colspan="2" |lena
[ˈlɛnɐ]
[ˈlẽnɐ]

|sente
[ˈsẽtɨ]
[ˈsẽtᶴi]

|colspan="2" |sinta
[ˈsĩtɐ]

rowspan="3" |plural

!1st

|dormimos
[duɾˈmimuʃ]
[doʁˈmĩmus]

|colspan="2" |durmamos
[duɾˈmɐmuʃ]
[duʁˈmɐ̃mus]

|lenimos
[lɨˈnimuʃ]
[leˈnĩmus]

|colspan="2" |lenamos
[lɨˈnɐmuʃ]
[leˈnɐ̃mus]

|sentimos
[sẽˈtimuʃ]
[sẽˈtᶴĩmus]

|colspan="2" |sintamos
[sĩˈtɐmuʃ]
[sĩˈtɐ̃mus]

2nd

|dormis
[duɾˈmiʃ]
[doʁˈmis]

|durmais
[duɾˈmajʃ]
[duʁˈmajs]

|dormi
[duɾˈmi]
[doʁˈmi]

|lenis
[lɨˈniʃ]
[leˈnis]

|lenais
[lɨˈnajʃ]
[leˈnajs]

|leni
[lɨˈni]
[leˈni]

|sentis
[sẽˈtiʃ]
[sẽˈtᶴis]

|sintais
[sĩˈtajʃ]
[sĩˈtajs]

|senti
[sẽˈti]
[sẽˈtᶴi]

3rd

|dormem
[ˈdɔɾmẽj̃ ~ ˈdɔɾmɐ̃j̃]
[ˈdɔʁmẽj̃]

|colspan="2" |durmam
[ˈduɾmɐ̃w̃]
[ˈduʁmɐ̃w̃]

|lenem
[ˈlɛnẽj̃ ~ ˈlɛnɐ̃j̃]
[ˈlẽnẽj̃]

|colspan="2" |lenam
[ˈlenɐ̃w̃]
[ˈlẽnɐ̃w̃]

|sentem
[ˈsẽtẽj̃ ~ ˈsẽtɐ̃j̃]
[ˈsẽtẽj̃]

|colspan="2" |sintam
[ˈsĩtɐ̃w̃]

See also

References

  • {{cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=Manuela |title=Portuguese Pronouns and Other Forms of Address, from the Past into the Future — Structural, Semantic and Pragmatic Reflections |journal=Ellipsis |date=2013 |volume=11 |doi=10.21471/jls.v11i0.84|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite book |last=Freire |first=Naiade Anido |date=2008 |title=Les verbes portugais: formes et emplois |publisher=Hatier |series=Bescherelle collection |isbn=978-2-218-93177-2 |oclc=1041442854 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8dOzPQAACAAJ}}

External links

{{Wiktionary category|type=Portuguese verbs|category=Portuguese verbs}}

  • [http://conjugate.click/ Conjugate.click], conjugation of Portuguese verbs, features include hiding/unhiding tu/vós forms which only used is some regions of Brazil, clear-human voice annunciation for most infinitive forms of the verb, illustrations for better retention, etc.
  • [http://european-portuguese.info/conjugator Online Portuguese Verb Conjugator], fast and simple verb conjugator with irregular forms highlighting.
  • [http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Portuguese/Grammar/Portuguese-Verb-Conjugation-Simple_Tenses.html Conjugation paradigm for Portuguese regular verbs], at Orbis Latinus
  • [http://lxconjugator.di.fc.ul.pt/ LX-Conjugator] Online conjugator with support for pronominal conjugation (up to three clitics)
  • [http://www.conjuga-me.net/ Conjuga-me] A very complete online conjugator for Portuguese
  • [http://www.tudobemportuguese.com/conjugation_trainer Verb ConjugationTrainer by Tudo Bem Portuguese] Web app for memorizing Portuguese verb conjugations

{{Language verbs}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Portuguese Verb Conjugation}}

Verb conjugation, Portuguese

Category:Indo-European verbs