Post-Internet
{{short description|21st century art movement}}
File:Stepan Ryabchenko."Chernobyl". From the "Computer Viruses" series (2011).jpg in 2011.]]
File:Parker_Cheeto_White_Cube_Gallery._(14910200985).jpg (White Cube, 2014) serves as an example.]]
Post-Internet is a 21st-century art movement involving works that are derived from the Internet or its effects on aesthetics, culture and society.{{cite web|url=http://www.artspace.com/magazine/interviews_features/post_internet_art|title=What Is Post-Internet Art? Understanding the Revolutionary New Art Movement|website=Artspace|first=Ian|last=Wallace|date=March 18, 2014}}
Definition
Post-Internet is a loosely-defined term that was coined by artist/curator Marisa Olson in an attempt to describe her practice.{{Cite web|last=Dunne|first=Carey|date=2014-03-10|title=9 Post-Internet Artists You Should Know|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3027356/9-post-internet-artists-you-should-know|access-date=2021-01-26|website=Fast Company|language=en-US}} It emerged from mid-2000s discussions about Internet art by Gene McHugh (author of a blog titled "Post-Internet"), and Artie Vierkant (artist, and creator of Image Object sculpture series).{{cite web|url=http://rhizome.org/editorial/2013/nov/1/postinternet/|title=What's Postinternet Got to do with Net Art?|website=Rhizome|first=Michael|last=Connor|date=November 1, 2013}} The movement itself grew out of Internet Art (or Net Art). According to the UCCA Center for Contemporary Art in Beijing, rather than referring "to a time “after” the internet", the term refers to "an internet state of mind".{{Cite web|title=Art Post-Internet|url=https://ucca.org.cn/en/exhibition/art-post-internet//|access-date=2021-01-23|website=UCCA Center for Contemporary Art|language=en}} Eva Folks of AQNB wrote that it "references one so deeply embedded in and propelled by the internet that the notion of a world or culture without or outside it becomes increasingly unimaginable, impossible."
The term is controversial and the subject of much criticism in the art community. Art in America{{'}}s Brian Droitcour in 2014 opined that the term fails to describe the form of the works, instead "alluding only to a hazy contemporary condition and the idea of art being made in the context of digital technology."{{Cite web|last1=Droitcour|first1=Brian|date=2014-10-29|title=The Perils of Post-Internet Art|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-in-america/features/the-perils-of-post-internet-art-63040/|access-date=2021-01-26|website=ARTnews.com|language=en-US}} According to a 2015 article in The New Yorker, the term describes "the practices of artists [whose] artworks move fluidly between spaces, appearing sometimes on a screen, other times in a gallery."{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/post-internet-poetry-comes-of-age|title=Post-Internet Poetry Comes of Age|last=Kenneth|first=Goldsmith|date=2015-03-10|magazine=The New Yorker|publisher=|access-date=2016-09-14}} Fast Company{{'}}s Carey Dunne summarizes they are "artists who are inspired by the visual cacophony of the web" and notes that "mediums from Second Life portraits to digital paintings on silk to 3-D-printed sculpture" are used.
There is theoretical overlap with writer and artist James Bridle's term New Aesthetic.{{Cite web|title=The New Aesthetic and its Politics {{!}} booktwo.org|url=http://booktwo.org/notebook/new-aesthetic-politics/|access-date=2021-01-24|language=en-US}} Ian Wallace of Artspace writes that "the influential blog The New Aesthetic, run since May 2011 by Bridle, is a pioneering institution in the post-Internet movement" and concludes that "much of the energy around the New Aesthetic seems, now, to have filtered over into the "post-Internet" conversation." Post-Internet art is also discussed by Katja Novitskova as being a part of 'New Materialism'.{{Cite web|title=Post-Internet Materialism Martijn Hendriks & Katja Novitskova - Features - Metropolis M|url=http://www.metropolism.com/en/features/23573_post_internet_materialism|access-date=2021-01-24|website=www.metropolism.com|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Katja Novitskova's Work In A Post-Internet World – the Future In A Mediated Reality < 1/2015 < Issues - kunst.ee|url=https://ajakirikunst.ee/?c=magazine&l=en&t=katja-novitskovas-work-in-a-post-internet-world--the-future-in-a-mediated-reality&id=1331|access-date=2021-01-24|website=ajakirikunst.ee}}
Wallace considers the Post-Internet term to stand for "a new aesthetic era," moving "beyond making work dependent on the novelty of the Web to using its tools to tackle other subjects". He notes that the post-Internet generation "frequently uses digital strategies to create objects that exist in the real world." Or as Louis Doulas writes in Within Post-Internet, Part One (2011): "There is a difference then, in an art that chooses to exist outside of a browser window and an art that chooses to stay within it."{{Cite book|last=Doulas|first=Louis|title=Within Post-Internet, Part One|publisher=pooool.info|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
Influence
File:Wikiwave 00000.png is among the Internet-centric microgenres and subcultures spearheaded by the post-Internet movement.]]
The movement spearheaded microgenres and subcultures such as seapunk and vaporwave.{{cite web|last1=Amarca|first1=Nico|date=March 1, 2016|title=From Bucket Hats to Pokémon: Breaking Down Yung Lean's Style|url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/yung-lean-style/|access-date=May 24, 2020|website=High Snobiety}} In the early 2010s, "post-Internet" was popularly associated with the musician Grimes. Grimes used the term to describe her work at a time when post-Internet concepts were not typically discussed in mainstream music arenas.{{cite web |last1=Snapes |first1=Laura |title=Pop star, producer or pariah? The conflicted brilliance of Grimes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/feb/19/pop-star-producer-or-pariah-the-conflicted-brilliance-of-grimes |website=The Guardian |date=February 19, 2020}} Amarco referred to Yung Lean as "by and large a product of the internet and a leading example of a generation of youths who garner fame through social media."
Exhibitions
There have been a number of significant group art shows explicitly exploring Post-Internet themes. There was a 2014 exhibition called Art Post-Internet at Beijing's Ullens Center for Contemporary Art, which ARTnews named one of the "most art exhibitions of the 2010s"{{cite news|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/most-important-exhibitions-2010s-1202672433/|title=The Most Important Art Exhibitions of the 2010s|date=17 December 2019|work=Artnews|last1=Durón|first1=Maximilíano|last2=Greenberger|first2=Alex}} which "set out to encapsulate the budding movement." MoMA curated Ocean of Images in 2015, a show "probing the effects of an image-based post-Internet reality."{{Cite web|title=Ocean of Images: New Photography 2015 {{!}} MoMA|url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1539|access-date=2021-02-01|website=The Museum of Modern Art|language=en}} The 2016 9th Berlin Biennale, titled The Present in Drag, curated by the art collective DIS, is described as a Post-Internet exhibition.{{Cite web|title=You missed the 9th Berlin Biennale|url=http://showerofkunst.com/sok/2016/12/31/berlin-biennale-ix/|access-date=2020-12-15|website=showerofkunst.com}}{{Cite web|title=DIS – the post-internet collective Curating the 9th Berlin Biennale|url=https://fineartmultiple.com/blog/dis-berlin-biennale/|access-date=2021-01-25|website=fineartmultiple.com}}{{Cite web|title="Die Stadt ist internationaler geworden" {{!}} Monopol|url=https://www.monopol-magazin.de/die-stadt-ist-internationaler-geworden|access-date=2021-02-01|website=www.monopol-magazin.de|language=de}} Other examples include:
- Raster Raster, Aran Cravey Gallery, Los Angeles, 2014{{Cite web|date=2014-04-07|title="Raster Raster" at Aran Cravey Gallery, Los Angeles •|url=http://moussemagazine.it/raster-raster-aran-cravey/|access-date=2021-01-26|website=Mousse Magazine|language=it-IT}}
- 2015 Triennial: Surround Audience at New Museum, New York, 2015{{Cite web|title=2015 Triennial: Surround Audience at the New Museum|url=https://www.dailyserving.com/2015/03/2015-triennial-surround-audience-at-the-new-museum/|access-date=2021-01-26|website=DAILY SERVING|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|url=https://archive.newmuseum.org/exhibitions/1873|title = Exhibitions}}
- Zero Zero, Annka Kulty Gallery, London, 2016{{Cite web|date=2016-07-17|title=Exhibition // 'Zero Zero' Proposes A New Post-Internet Landscape|url=https://www.berlinartlink.com/2016/07/17/exhibition-zero-zero-proposes-a-new-post-internet-landscape/|access-date=2021-01-26|website=Berlin Art Link|language=en-US}}
Notable artists
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- Stepan Ryabchenko.{{cite web | url=https://art.art/blog/interview-with-new-media-artist-stepan-ryabchenko | title=Interview with new media artist Stepan Ryabchenko | date=6 February 2024 }} In his artwork, the artist creates his own digital universe with its heroes and mythology.
- AIDS-3D (Daniel Keller and Nik Kosmas){{cite news|url=https://hyperallergic.com/481/aids-3d-interview/|title=Information, Aesthetics & Fun: An Interview with AIDS-3D|date=27 October 2009|last= Vierkant|first=Artie|work=Hyperallergic}}
- Cory Arcangel
- Kai (Kari) Altmann{{cite news|url=https://www.aqnb.com/2014/03/03/life-after-internet-concerning-art-post-internet-in-beijing/|title=Concerning Art Post-Internet|last=Folks|first=Eve|date=3 March 2014|work=AQNB}}{{cite web|url=https://anthology.rhizome.org/r-u-in-s-garden-club|title=R-U-IN?S / GARDEN CLUB KAI (KARI) ALTMANN 2009 - ONGOING|website=Rhizome Anthology|date=27 October 2016 }}
- Petra Cortright, whose work includes YouTube video work and digital paintings. She was included in "Raster Raster" and the 9th Berlin Biennale
- DIS
- Aleksandra Domanović{{cite news|url=https://artreview.com/mar-2012-future-greats-aleksandra-domanovic/|work=ArtReview|date=21 July 2014|title=Aleksandra Domanović|last=McLean-Ferris|first=Laura|quote=Domanović has ... created paper-stack sculptures (made by printing to the edge of blank A4 paper, at full bleed) that commemorate the day in 2010 that the .yu domain was taken off the Internet.... The memorialising of this moment makes sense for an artist so committed to the Internet as a form...}}
- Parker Ito{{Cite web|date=2016-09-11|title=Parker Ito, or the anxiety of over-hyped young artists|url=https://judithbenhamouhuet.com/parker-ito-or-the-anxiety-of-over-hyped-young-artists/|access-date=2021-01-25|website=Judith Benhamou-Huet Reports|language=en-GB}}
- Rachel de Joode{{cite web |title=Rachel De Joode |url=https://akoyabooks.com/interviews/rachel-de-joode/ |website=Akoya Books |access-date=30 March 2021 |language=en |date=10 October 2016}}
- Oliver Laric{{cite web|url=https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/art/hijacking-classical-sculptures-in-vienna|title=HIJACKING CLASSICAL SCULPTURES IN VIENNA Artist Oliver Laric Open-Sources Museum Sculptures and Shows How Technology Has Changed Authenticity|website=Ssense.com|last=Heuser|first=Biance|date=4 May 2016 }}
- Kalup Linzy{{Cite web|title=Berlin Biennale {{!}} Participants|date=September 2022 |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/kalup-linzy-art21-2168437}}
- Jonathan Monaghan{{Cite web|url=https://www.mediaartdesign.net/EN_ars17.html |title=ARS ELECTRONICA 2017 |last=Moulon |first=Dominique }}
- Katja Novitskova{{Cite web|last=Culture|first=Magazine Contemporary|date=2012-01-30|title=Post Internet Survival Guide, 2010|url=http://www.magazinecontemporaryculture.com/post-internet-survival-guide/|access-date=2021-01-24|website=Magazine Contemporary Culture|language=en-US}} whose work focuses on issues of technology, evolutionary processes, digital imagery and corporate aesthetics and was included in the 9th Berlin Biennale
- Seth Price
- Jon Rafman, whose work was included in the 9th Berlin Biennale
- Ryder Ripps[https://www.gq.com/story/ryder-ripps-cia-redesign No, Ryder Ripps Didn't Do the CIA Redesign|CQ]
- Bunny Rogers{{cite web | url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/postinternet-art_n_4893271 | title=6 'Postinternet' Artists You Should Know | date=5 March 2014 }}
- Timur Si-Qin{{cite news|url=https://www.artforum.com/print/reviews/201903/timur-si-qin-78746|title=Timur Si-Qin MAGICIAN SPACE 魔金石空间|work=Artforum|date=March 2019|last=Frank|first=Simon}}
- {{ill|Mario Santamaría (artist)|qid=Q112822371|lt=Mario Santamaría|short=yes}}{{cite journal |last=Sánchez Gómez |first=Laura |title=Futuros postdigitales en español: tensiones postidentitarias en la creación electrónica |trans-title=Post-digital futures in Spanish: post-identity tensions in electronic creation |journal=Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies |volume=24 |issue=1 |date=2023-01-02 |issn=1463-6204 |doi=10.1080/14636204.2023.2177024 |pages=121–133 |language=es}}
- Molly Soda,[https://1701vb.com/post-internet-art-is-the-fast-food-of-the-contemporary-art-world-by-phoebe-cochran/ Post-Internet Art is the Fast Food of the Contemporary World] who co-curated and included her own work in "Zero Zero"
- Hito Steyerl
- Theo Triantafyllidis{{Cite web|url=https://www.factmag.com/2024/02/12/interview-theo-triantafyllidis/ |title=Interview Theo Triantafyllidis |date=12 February 2024 }}
- Ryan Trecartin and Lizzie Fitch,{{Cite web|title=Frieze Editors Debate the Artist of the Decade {{!}} Frieze|url=https://www.frieze.com/article/frieze-editors-debate-artist-decade|access-date=2021-01-25|website=Frieze|date=13 December 2019|language=en}} whose work was included in the 9th Berlin Biennale and who co-curated the New Museum's 2015 triennial Surround Audience
- Brad Troemel, Joshua Citarella, and Molly Soda{{Cite web|date=2015-03-18|title=magazine / archive / Ann Hirsch {{!}} MOUSSE CONTEMPORARY ART MAGAZINE|url=http://moussemagazine.it/articolo.mm?id=1093|access-date=2021-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222950/http://moussemagazine.it/articolo.mm?id=1093|archive-date=2015-03-18}}
- Amalia Ulman, whose work was included in the 9th Berlin Biennale{{Cite web|title=Berlin Biennale {{!}} Participants|url=http://bb9.berlinbiennale.de/participants/|access-date=2020-12-15|language=en-US}}
- Andrew Norman Wilson{{cite magazine |last=Mallonee |first=Laura |title=Is That a Hand? Glitches Reveal Google Books' Human Scanners |magazine=WIRED |date=2019-02-07 |url=https://www.wired.com/story/google-books-glitches-gallery/ |access-date=2023-11-07}}
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Gallery
File:Rihanna-Berlin-Biennale.jpg|Sculpture of Rihanna as an Acéfalo in the 9th Berlin Biennale by Juan Sebastián Peláez
File:Anna Uddenberg.jpg|Anna Uddenberg at the 9th Berlin Biennale, 2016.
File:GCC (art collective).jpg|GCC collective at the 9th Berlin Biennale, 2016.
File:Artie Vierkant.jpg|Part of Artie Vierkant's Image Objects series.
File:Fair Trade. Frieze Projects 2012.jpg|Photo by DIS. Fair Trade, Frieze Projects 2012
File:Katja Novitskova.jpg|Spirit, Curiosity and Opportunity, Katja Novitskova, Kraupa-Tuskany Zeidler, Berlin, 2014.
See also
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References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- Novitskova, Katja. Post internet survival guide 2010. Berlin: Revolver Publishing, 2011. {{ISBN|978-3-86895-350-3}}
- McHugh, Gene. Post Internet. Notes on the Internet and Art 12.29.09 > 09.05.10, Brescia: Link Editions, 2011.
External links
- {{cite web |url=http://metropolism.com/features/post-internet-materialism/ |title=Post-Internet Materialism |work=metropolism.com |access-date=2015-03-15}} An interview with Martijn Hendriks & Katja Novitskova
- [http://booktwo.org/notebook/new-aesthetic-politics/ "The New Aesthetic and its Politics"]
- {{cite web|url=http://artfcity.com/2014/10/14/finally-a-semi-definitive-definition-of-post-internet-art/|title=Finally, a Semi-Definitive Definition of Post-Internet Art|work=Art F City|date=14 October 2014}}
- [https://122909a.com.rhizome.org/ Reconstruction of Gene McHugh's 'Post-Internet' blog, 2009–10]