Postsecularism

The term "postsecular" has been used in sociology, political theory,Kyrlezhev, Aleksandr. “The Postsecular Age: Religion and Culture Today.” Trans. Joera Mulders and Philip Walters. Religion, State and Society 36.1 (2008): 21-31. Print.McLennan, Gregor. “The Postsecular Turn.” Theory, Culture & Society 27.4 (2010): 3-20. Print. religious studies, art studies,King, Mike. “Art and the Postsecular.” Journal of Visual Art Practice 4.1 (2005): 3-17. Print. literary studies,Kaufmann, Michael. “Locating the Postsecular.” Religion & Literature 41.3 (2009): 67-73. Print.Mohamed, Feisal G. Milton and the Post-Secular Present: Ethics, Politics, Terrorism. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 2011. Print. education{{Cite book|title=Educational Philosophy for a Post-secular Age|last=Lewin|first=David|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=9781138923669|location=London}} and other fields. Jürgen Habermas is widely credited for popularizing the term,{{Cite journal|last=Habermas|first=Jürgen|date=September 2008|title=Notes on Post-Secular Society|journal=New Perspectives Quarterly|language=en|volume=25|issue=4|pages=17–29|doi=10.1111/j.1540-5842.2008.01017.x}}Reder, Michael and Josef Schmidt. “Habermas and Religion.” An Awareness of What Is Missing: Faith and Reason in a Post-Secular Age. Jürgen Habermas, et al. Trans. Ciaran Cronin. Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2010. 1-14. Print. to refer to current times in which the idea of modernity is perceived as failing and, at times, morally unsuccessful, so that, rather than a stratification or separation, a new peaceful dialogue and tolerant coexistence between the spheres of faith and reasonThe title of a very recent book of Jean-Marc-Ferry is La Raison et la foi must be sought in order to learn mutually.Buston, Fernando del. 2014. [«El Estado debe proteger a la religión»]. El Comercio. Date access: January 10, 2015: "Jürgen Habermas ha acuñado el término de postsecularidad. Se da por fallida la idea central de la modernidad de que la religión iba a desaparecer y se establece una nueva relación entre razón y religión. Habermas plantea que es necesario emprender un aprendizaje mutuo entre las sociedades modernas y las creencias, o entre razón secular y fe. Se inicia una nueva época de mutuas tolerancias. La razón no puede echar por la borda el potencial de sentido de las religiones y éstas deben traducir sus contenidos racionalmente." In this sense, Habermas insists that both religious people and secularist people should not exclude each other, but to learn from one another and coexist tolerantly.[http://www.resetdoc.org/EN/Habermas-Istanbul.php A “post-secular” society – what does that mean?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090329090452/http://www.resetdoc.org/EN/Habermas-Istanbul.php |date=2009-03-29 }} by Jurgen Habermas June 2008.Javier Espinosa. [http://www.uclm.es/actividades0304/seminarios/spinoza/pdf/cuadernos/22.pdf The religion in the public sphere. Habermas, Toland and Spinoza]. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Massimo Rosati says that in a post secular society, religious and secular perspectives are on even ground, meaning that the two theoretically share equal importance. Modern societies that have considered themselves fully secular until recently have to change their value systems accordingly as to properly accommodate this co-existence.{{Cite book|title = The Making of a Postsecular Society: A Durkheimian Approach to Memory, Pluralism and Religion in Turkey (Classical and Contemporary Social Theory)|last = Rosati|first = Massimo|publisher = Ashgate Publishing Company|year = 2015|isbn = 978-1472423122|pages = 83}}

Charles Taylor's A Secular Age is also frequently invoked as describing the postsecular,Smith, James K. A. “Secular Liturgies and the Prospects for a ‘Post-Secular’ Sociology of Religion.” The Post-Secular in Question: Religion in Contemporary Society. Ed. Philip S. Gorski, et al. New York, NY: New York UP 2012. 159-184. Print. though there is sometimes disagreement over what each author meant with the term. Particularly contested is the question of whether "postsecular" refers to a new sociological phenomenon or to a new awareness of an existing phenomenon—that is, whether society was secular and now is becoming post-secular or whether society was never and is not now becoming secular even though many people had thought it was or thought it was going to be.Jacobsen, Rhonda Hustedt, and Douglas G. Jacobsen. “Postsecular America: A New Context for Higher Education.” The American University in a Postsecular Age. Ed. Rhonda Hustedt Jacobsen and Douglas G. Jacobsen. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2008. 3-16. Print.Hadden, Jeffrey K. “Toward Desacralizing Secularization Theory.” Social Forces 65.3 (1987): 587-611. Print. Some suggest that the term is so conflicted as to be of little use.Beckford, James A. “Public Religions and the Postsecular: Critical Reflections.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 51.1 (2012): 1-19. Print. Others suggest that the flexibility of the term is one of its strengths.Dunn, Allen. “The Precarious Integrity of the Postsecular.” Boundary 2: An International Journal of Literature and Culture 37.3 (2010): 91-99. Print.

In literary studies, the term has been used to indicate a sort of postmodern religious or spiritual sensibility in certain contemporary texts.McClure, John A.. Partial Faiths: Postsecular Fiction in the Age of Pynchon and Morrison. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 2007.

{{main|Desecularization}}The term "desecularization" appears in the title of Peter L. Berger's seminal 1999 work The Desecularization of the World: Resurgent Religion and World Politics.

Berger explains that the assumption that the modern world is secular has been “falsified."{{Cite book|title=The Desecularization of the World|last=Berger|first=Peter|publisher=The Ethics and Public Policy Centre|year=1999|location=Washington, D. C.|pages=4}} Specifically, Berger maintained that "the assumption we live in a secularized world is false.... The world today is as furiously religious as it ever was."[https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-8028-4691-4 The Desecularization of the World: Resurgent Religion and World Politics] by Peter L. Berger, Editor, David Martin, Contribution by, Grace Davie, Contribution by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, (143p) {{ISBN|978-0-8028-4691-4}}

However, for Titus Hjelm, professor of religious studies at the University of Helsinki: "Berger's concept of "desecularization" cannot be taken as a serious "countertheory" to secularization as long as it does not respond to the original theoretical formulations made in [Berger's 1967 book] The Sacred Canopy."{{clarify|reason=Which says...? Useless mention of book not introduced here.|date=November 2023}}{{Cite web |last=Hjelm |first=Titus |date=September 20, 2019 |title=Rethinking the theoretical base of Peter L. Berger’s sociology of religion: Social construction, power, and discourse |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2050303219874392 |website=Sage Journals}}

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• Metamodernism
• Habermas' religious dialogue
• Church renewal
• Great Awakening
• Islamic revival and Islamization
• Islamism
• Neopaganism
• New Age
• New Atheism
• New Thought
• Postmodern religion
• Post-postmodernism
• Religious naturalism
• Secular religion
• Spiritual naturalism
• Transhumanism

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• Abeysekara, Ananda. The Politics of Postsecular Religion: Mourning Secular Futures (Columbia University Press, 2008).
• Ratti, Manav. The Postsecular Imagination: Postcolonialism, Religion, and Literature (London and New York: Routledge, 2013).
• During, Simon. "Toward the Postsecular". PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America: 120.3 (2005 May), pp. 876–77.
• Agar, Jolyon. Post-Secularism, Realism and Utopia: Transcendence and Immanence from Hegel to Bloch (London and New York: Routledge, 2014).
• McClure, John A.. Partial Faiths: Postsecular Fiction in the Age of Pynchon and Morrison. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 2007. xi, 209 pp.
• Bracke, Sarah. "Conjugating the Modern- Religious, Conceptualizing Female Religious Agency: Contours of a 'Post-secular' Conjuncture". Theory, culture & society. 25 (2008), p. 51-68.
• Braidotti, Rosi. "In Spite of the Times: The Postsecular Turn in Feminism" Theory, culture & society. 25 (2008), p. 1-24.
• Jean-Marc Ferry La Raison et la foi, Pocket, Paris, 2016.
• Habermas, Jürgen. "Secularism's Crisis of Faith: Notes on Post-Secular Society". New perspectives quarterly. vol. 25 (2008) p. 17-29.
• Josephson, Jason Ānanda. The Invention of Religion in Japan (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012) (has a chapter on the "Shinto Secular" which is a discussion of postsecularism).
• Jusova, Iveta. "European Immigration and Continental Feminism: Theories of Rosi Braidotti." Feminist Theory 12:1 (Spring 2011).
• Koehrsen, Jens. "How religious is the public sphere? – A critical stance on the debate about public religion and post-secularity." Acta Sociologica. 55 (2012), p. 273-288.
• Morozov, Aleksandr. "Has the Postsecular Age Begun?". Religion, state & society. 36 (2008) p. 39-44.
• Roberts, Michael Symmons. "Poetry In A Post-Secular Age". Poetry review. vol. 98 (London, 2008), p. 69-75
• Vries, Hent de; Sullivan, Lawrence E.; Ward, Ian. "Political Theologies: Public Religions in a Post-Secular World". Journal of church and state 17.50 (2008) p. 150-151
• Ferrara, Alessandro. "The separation of religion and politics in a post-secular society". Philosophy & social criticism. 35. (2009), p. 77-92.
• John R. Betz. After Enlightenment: The post-secular vision of J.G. Hamann (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Pub, 2009).
• Parmaksız, Umut. "Making Sense of the Postsecular". European Journal of Social Theory. December 15, 2016. [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1368431016682743 DOI: 10.1177/1368431016682743]

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Category:Secularization

Category:Religion and politics

Category:Sociology of religion

Category:Political philosophy