Potassium metabisulfite
{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477163263
| Name = Potassium metabisulfite
| ImageFile = Potassium-metabisulfite-2D.svg
| ImageName = Potassium metabisulfite
| ImageFile1 = Potassium metabisulfite ball-and-stick.png
| ImageFile3 = Disiřičitan draselný.jpg
| OtherNames = {{Unbulleted list|Potassium pyrosulfite|Dipotassium disulfite|Potassium metabisulphite|Dipotassium disulphite}}
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 26061
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 65OE787Q7W
| InChI = 1/2K.H2O5S2/c;;1-6(2)7(3,4)5/h;;(H,1,2)(H,3,4,5)/q2*+1;/p-2
| InChIKey = RWPGFSMJFRPDDP-NUQVWONBAF
| SMILES = [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/2K.H2O5S2/c;;1-6(2)7(3,4)5/h;;(H,1,2)(H,3,4,5)/q2*+1;/p-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = RWPGFSMJFRPDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L
| CASNo = 16731-55-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 28019
| RTECS = TT4920000
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| K=2 | O=5 | S=2
| Appearance = White crystalline powder
| Odor = Pungent (sulfur dioxide)
| Density = 2.34{{nbsp}}g/cm3 (solid)
| Solubility = 450{{nbsp}}g/L (20 °C)
| SolubleOther = Insoluble in ethanol
| MeltingPtC = 190
| MeltingPt_notes = decomposes
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1175.htm ICSC 1175]
| MainHazards = Irritant, asthma risk
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS07}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|318|335}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|264|271|280|302+352|304+340|305+351+338|310|312|321|332+313|362|403+233|405|501}}
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-S =
| FlashPt =
| PEL =
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = Potassium bisulfite
Potassium sulfite
| OtherCations = Sodium metabisulfite
| OtherFunction =
| OtherFunction_label =
| OtherCompounds =
}}
}}
Potassium metabisulfite, K2S2O5, also known as potassium pyrosulfite, is a white crystalline powder with a pungent odour. It is mainly used as an antioxidant or chemical sterilant.{{Ullmann|doi=10.1002/14356007.a25_477|isbn=3527306730|title=Sulfites, Thiosulfates, and Dithionitesl Chemistry|year=2000|last1=Barberá|first1=José Jiménez|last2=Metzger|first2=Adolf|last3=Wolf|first3=Manfred}} As a disulfite, it is chemically very similar to sodium metabisulfite, with which it is sometimes used interchangeably. Potassium metabisulfite has a monoclinic crystal structure.
Preparation and reactions
{{main|bisulfite#Reactions}}
Potassium metabisulfite can be prepared by treating a solution of potassium hydroxide with sulfur dioxide.{{cite book|doi=10.1002/9780470132333.ch49|isbn=9780470132333|chapter=Sulfites and Pyrosulfites of the Alkali Metals|year=1946|last1=Johnstone|first1=H. F.|title=Inorganic Syntheses|pages=162–167|volume=2}}
:2 SO2 + 2 KOH → K2S2O5 + H2O
It decomposes at 190 °C, yielding potassium sulfite and sulfur dioxide:
:K2S2O5 → K2SO3 + SO2
Uses
It is used as a food additive, also known as E224.[https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/approved-additives-and-e-numbers List of E-number food additives] It is restricted in use and may cause allergic reactions in some sensitive persons.{{Cite book |first1=Dean D. |last1=Metcalfe |first2=Ronald A. |last2=Simon |title=Food allergy: adverse reactions to food and food additives |location=Malden, MA |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |year=2003 |pages=324–339 |isbn=978-0-632-04601-0 }}
=Wine=
Potassium metabisulfite is a common wine or must additive, in which it forms sulfur dioxide (SO2). Sulfur dioxide is a disinfectant. It also acts as a potent antioxidant, protecting both the color and delicate flavors of wine.
A high dose would be 3 grams of potassium metabisulfite per six-gallon bucket of must or around 132 milligrams per liter (yielding roughly 75 ppm of SO2) prior to fermentation; then 6 grams per six-gallon bucket (150 ppm of SO2) at bottling. Some countries regulate the SO2 content of wines.{{Cite web|url=https://www.thekitchn.com/the-truth-about-sulfites-in-wine-myths-of-red-wine-headaches-100878|title=The Truth About Sulfites in Wine & the Myths of Red Wine Headaches |first=Mary |last=Gorman-McAdams|date=July 9, 2020 |work=The Kitchn |access-date=February 10, 2024}}
Winemaking equipment is sanitized by spraying with a 1% SO2 (2 tsp potassium metabisulfite per L) solution.
=Beer=
Potassium metabisulfite is sometimes used in the brewing industry to inhibit the growth of wild bacteria and fungi. This step is called 'stabilizing'. It is also used to neutralize monochloramine from tap water. It is used both by homebrewers and commercial brewers alike. It is not used as much for brewing beer, because the wort is almost always boiled, which kills most microorganisms.
=Other uses=
- Potassium metabisulfite is sometimes added to lemon juice as a preservative.
- Potassium metabisulfite is used in the textile industry for dyeing and cotton printing.
- Potassium metabisulfite is sometimes used to precipitate gold from solution in aqua regia (as an alternative to sodium sulfite).
- It is a component of certain photographic developers and solutions used in photographic processing, keeping active developing species from contact with oxygen.{{cite web | url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/potassium+metabisulfite | title=Potassium Metabisulfite}}
- It is used as a bleaching agent in the production of coconut cream.
- It is used in some pickles as a preservative.
- It is used in tint etching iron-based metal samples for microstructural analysis.{{cite web | url=https://vacaero.com/information-resources/metallography-with-george-vander-voort/991-color-metallography.html | title=Color Metallography| date=2011-05-04}}
- It is used in aam papad as a preservative.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Potassium compounds}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Potassium Metabisulfite}}