Powderpost beetle
{{Short description|Subfamily of beetles}}
{{about|true powderpost beetles|false powderpost beetles|Bostrichidae}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Powderpost beetle
| image = Lyctoxylon dentatum.jpg
| image_caption = Dorsal view of Lyctoxylon dentatum
| taxon = Lyctinae
| authority = Billberg, 1820
| subdivision_ranks = Tribes and genera
| subdivision =
}}
File:Heterobostrychus aequalis larva.jpg
File:Fig-tree borer larva Phryneta spinator 2145.JPG
Powderpost beetles are a group of seventy species of woodboring beetles classified in the insect subfamily Lyctinae. These beetles, along with spider beetles, death watch beetles, common furniture beetles, skin beetles, and others, make up the superfamily Bostrichoidea. While most woodborers have a large prothorax, powderpost beetles do not, making their heads more visible. In addition to this, their antennae have two-jointed clubs. They are considered pests and attack deciduous trees, over time reducing the wood to a powdery dust. The damage caused by longhorn beetles (family Cerambycidae) is often confused with that of powderpost beetles, but the two groups are unrelated. The larvae of the Cerambycidae are white, straight and generally flat-headed, whereas those of the Bostrichidae are white and C-shaped.
Name
The term "powderpost" comes from the fact that the larvae of these beetles feed on wood and, given enough time, can reduce it to a mass of fine powder. Because of this behavior, they are considered pests. These beetles can survive in colder climates.
Life cycle
Powderpost beetle larvae spend months or years inside wood while developing, feeding mainly on the starch content. Their presence is only apparent when they emerge as adults, leaving behind pinhole-sized openings, often called "shot holes". They may also leave piles of powdery frass below. Shot holes normally range in diameter from {{convert|1/32|in|mm}} to {{convert|1/8|in|mm}}, depending on the species of beetle. If wood conditions are right, female beetles may lay their eggs and re-infest the wood, continuing the cycle for generations.
Target materials
Powderpost beetles feed on deciduous trees, including certain hardwoods or softwoods depending on the species. Some hardwoods are naturally immune if they have low starch content or if their pore diameters are too small for the female beetle's ovipositor to lay her eggs in.
Wood preservatives can be used to prevent beetle infestation. Common treatments may use borate, and frequently structural fumigation.
Items that can be infested by powderpost beetles include wooden tools or tool handles, frames, furniture, gun stocks, books, toys, bamboo, flooring, and structural timbers.
References
{{Reflist|refs=
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=Bibliography=
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book |last=Borowski|first=Jerzy |author2=Węgrzynowicz, Piotr |year=2012 |title=The Powderpost Beetles of the World (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae): Keys for the Identification of Species, Volume 1 |publisher=Mantis |isbn=9788362860036 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=svMZlAEACAAJ|ref=refEvans}}
{{refend}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline|Lyctinae}}
- {{Wikispecies-inline|Lyctinae}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110622085819/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=123318 Lyctinae at Fauna Europaea]
- [https://www.pestworld.org/pest-guide/other-pests/powderpost-beetles/ Powderpost Beetle Fact Sheet] from the National Pest Management Association with information on habits, habitat and prevention
- [http://www.nature.nps.gov/biology/ipm/manual/museum.htm Museum pests including powderpoke] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211162837/http://www.nature.nps.gov/biology/ipm/manual/museum.htm |date=2004-12-11 }} at the National Park Service.
- [http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/powderpost_beetles_the_other_other_wood_destroying_insects Powderpost beetles – The other, other wood destroying insects] from Michigan State University Extension.
- [https://www.usinspect.com/guides/common-household-pests/]{{Dead link|date=June 2020}} the effect of beetles on wooden structures.
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2638541}}