Prasiola calophylla
{{Short description|Species of algae}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Prasiola calophylla.jpg
| genus = Prasiola
| species = calophylla
| authority = (Carmichael ex Greville) Kützing
}}
Prasiola calophylla is a terrestrial green alga in the class Trebouxiophyceae.{{Cite web | url=https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?tc=accept&species_id=180 | title=Algaebase :: Listing the World's Algae }} It is one of the few macroalgae species that can survive extreme temperatures. It is also known for its ability to withstand high levels of solar radiation, changing salinity, and dessication.{{Cite book|last1=Häder|first1=Donat-P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LIuADwAAQBAJ&dq=Prasiola+calophylla&pg=PA243|title=Aquatic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate|last2=Gao|first2=Kunshan|date=2018-11-16|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-429-79005-8|language=en}}{{Rp|page=228}}
Taxonomy
The species was first described by Captain Carmichael in Lismore, Scotland in 1826 under the name Bangia calophylla. It was reclassified as Prasiola calophylla by Kutzing in 1845.{{AlgaeBase species|name=Prasiola calophylla|id=180}}
Occurrence
P. calophylla is found in cold temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, typically on coasts above the high tide line in the supralittoral zone{{Cite book|last1=Bunker|first1=Francis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKO3DwAAQBAJ&dq=Prasiola+calophylla&pg=PA227|title=Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland: Second Edition|last2=Brodie|first2=Juliet A.|last3=Maggs|first3=Christine A.|last4=Bunker|first4=Anne R.|date=2017-06-05|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-9955673-3-7|language=en}}{{Rp|page=227}} and in damp places inland, like moist soil, rocks, and trees in cold temperatures with humid climates.{{Cite book|last1=Wehr|first1=John D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yjnLAwAAQBAJ&dq=Prasiola+calophylla&pg=PA416|title=Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification|last2=Sheath|first2=Robert G.|last3=Kociolek|first3=J. Patrick|date=2015-06-05|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-12-385877-1|language=en}}{{Rp|page=416}}
It has been reported in the United Kingdom{{Cite web|title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Prasiola calophylla (Carmichael ex Greville) Kützing, 1845|url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=145797#sources|access-date=2021-11-19|website=www.marinespecies.org}} and in continental European cities like Innsbruck in Austria.{{Cite web |title=Prasiola stipitata |url=https://www.seaweed.ie/descriptions/Prasiola_calophylla.php |access-date=2021-11-19 |website=www.seaweed.ie}} It was reported in Hokkaido, Japan for the first time in 2016.{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Judy E. |last2=Miyata |first2=Masahiko |last3=Ishikawa |first3=Motoyasu |last4=Nelson |first4=Wendy A. |date=2016-04-28 |title=Prasiola (Prasiolales, Trebouxiophyceae) in Japan: a survey of freshwater populations and new records of marine taxa |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pre.12124 |journal=Phycological Research |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=110–117 |doi=10.1111/pre.12124 |issn=1322-0829}}
P. calophylla has also been reported in parts of Antarctica, including streams in McMurdo Sound,{{Cite book |last1=Vincent |first1=Warwick F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ppUSDAAAQBAJ&dq=Prasiola+calophylla&pg=PA180 |title=Polar Lakes and Rivers: Limnology of Arctic and Antarctic Aquatic Ecosystems |last2=Laybourn-Parry |first2=Johanna |date=2008-09-11 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-921388-7 |language=en}}{{Rp|page=180}} southern parts of Victoria Land on glacial walls,{{Cite book|last1=Jones|first1=H. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2GzOeAA7vucC&dq=Prasiola+calophylla&pg=PA375|title=Snow Ecology: An Interdisciplinary Examination of Snow-Covered Ecosystems|last2=Pomeroy|first2=J. W.|last3=Walker|first3=D. A.|last4=Hoham|first4=R. W.|date=2001-01-15|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-58483-8|language=en}}{{Rp|pages=194-195}} and rarely in Ross island streams.{{Cite book|last1=Vincent|first1=W. F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIXpCAAAQBAJ&dq=Prasiola+calophylla&pg=PA33|title=High Latitude Limnology|last2=Ellis-Evans|first2=J. C.|date=2012-12-06|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-009-2603-5|language=en}}{{Rp|page=88}} However, more recent studies using gene sequences suggest the reports from Antarctica are a different species, not P. calophylla.{{Cite journal |last1=Holzinger |first1=Andreas |last2=Herburger |first2=Klaus |last3=Blaas |first3=Kathrin |last4=Lewis |first4=Louise A. |last5=Karsten |first5=Ulf |date=2017-07-01 |title=The terrestrial green macroalga Prasiola calophylla (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta): ecophysiological performance under water-limiting conditions |journal=Protoplasma |language=en |volume=254 |issue=4 |pages=1755–1767 |doi=10.1007/s00709-016-1068-6 |issn=1615-6102 |pmc=5474099 |pmid=28066876 |doi-access=free}}
References
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Category:Protists described in 1826