Prelude and Fugue in C-sharp major, BWV 872
{{Short description|Keyboard composition by Johann Sebastian Bach}}
{{Expand French|1=Prélude et fugue en ut dièse majeur (BWV 872)|date=June 2024}}
Prelude and Fugue in C-sharp major, BWV 872, is a keyboard composition written by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is the third prelude and fugue in the second book of The Well-Tempered Clavier, a series of 48 preludes and fugues in every major and minor key.
{{Center|1=
\version "2.18.2"
\header {
tagline = ##f
}
\score {
\new Staff \with {
}
<<
\relative c' {
\key cis \major
\time 4/4
s1*0^\markup{Prelude} \repeat unfold 2 { << { r16 eis gis cis~ cis4 } \\ { s4 gis16 fis gis eis } >> } \bar ".."
\time 4/4
\stemDown e8\rest^\markup{Fugue} cis[ eis cis] << { \stemDown gis'8 e8\rest fis e8\rest e8\rest gis eis gis } \\ { \stemUp d8\rest gis8 bis gis cis d8\rest b e8\rest } >>
}
>>
\layout {
\context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" }
}
\midi {}
}
}}
Analysis
=Prelude=
The prelude is in common time and has 50 measures, built upon the characteristic arpeggios similar to the famous C major prelude from the first book of The Well-Tempered Clavier until the fugato.{{cite web|url=https://tonic-chord.com/bach-prelude-and-fugue-no-3-in-c%E2%99%AF-major-bwv-872-analysis/|title=Bach: Prelude and Fugue No.3 in C♯ major, BWV 872 Analysis|website=Tonic Chord|date=2018-05-08}}
{{center|1=
\version "2.18.2"
\header {
tagline = ##f
}
upper = \relative c' {
\clef treble
\key cis \major
\time 4/4
\tempo 4 = 80
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord"
%% PRÉLUDE CBT II-3, BWV 872, ut-dièse majeur
\repeat unfold 2 { << { r16 eis gis cis~ cis4 } \\ { s4 gis16 fis gis eis } >> }
<< { r16 fis16 ais cis~ cis4 r16 fis, gis dis'~ dis4 } \\ { s4 ais16 gis ais fis s4 gis16 fis gis fis } >>
<< { r16 eis16 gis dis'~ dis4 r16 eis,16 gis cis~ cis4 } \\ { s4 gis16 fis gis fis s4 gis16 fis gis eis } >>
<< { r16 dis16 fisis ais~ ais4 r16 dis,16 gis bis~ bis4 } \\ { s4 fisis16 eis fisis dis s4 gis16 fisis gis dis } >>
<< { r16 eis16 ais cis~ cis4 r16 dis,16 ais' cis~ cis4 } \\ { s4 ais16 gis ais eis s4 ais16 gis ais dis, } >>
}
lower = \relative c {
\clef bass
\key cis \major
\time 4/4
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord"
<< { gis'8 gis cis cis b b b b ais ais fis fis \repeat unfold 4 { bis } \repeat unfold 4 { cis } gis gis eis eis | ais ais ais ais gis gis dis gis | \repeat unfold 4 { gis } \repeat unfold 4 { fisis } | } \\ { \repeat unfold 3 { \repeat unfold 2 { cis4 r4 } } cis4 r4 bis r4 ais r4 dis } >>
}
\score {
\new PianoStaff <<
\set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"BWV 872"
\new Staff = "upper" \upper
\new Staff = "lower" \lower
>>
\layout {
\context {
\Score
\remove "Metronome_mark_engraver"
}
}
\midi { }
}
}}
The arpeggios ends at {{abbr|m.|measure}} 25, and the fugato starts, which uses the time signature of {{music|time|3|8}}. It has three voices.
{{center|1=
\version "2.18.2"
\header {
tagline = ##f
}
Mordaesq = { \tag #'print { gis4~_\mordent_\markup { \natural } } \tag #'midi { gis32 fis gis16~ gis8~ } }
Mordeesq = { \tag #'print { dis4~_\mordent_\markup { \natural } } \tag #'midi { dis32 cis dis16~ dis8~ } }
upper = \relative c'' {
\clef treble
\key cis \major
\time 3/8
\tempo 8 = 152
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord"
%\context Score \applyContext #(set-bar-number-visibility 2)
\set Score.currentBarNumber = #25
\bar ""
%% PRÉLUDE CBT II-3, BWV 872, ut-dièse majeur
\bar "||"
< gis dis bis >8^\markup{Allegro} dis16[ cis dis \tempo 8 = 120 eis] \tempo 8 = 40 \grace eis8 \tempo 8 = 152 fis4.~ fis8 eis-! ais-! dis,8 \Mordaesq gis8 fis16 eis fis gis eis4. dis8 gis16 fisis gis ais bis
}
lower = \relative c {
\clef bass
\key cis \major
\time 3/8
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord"
<< { gis'8 r8 r8 | r8 ais16 gis ais \tempo 8 = 120 bis \tempo 8 = 40 \grace bis8 \tempo 8 = 152 cis4.~ cis8 bis eis ais, \Mordeesq dis8 \stemDown \change Staff = "upper" cis4~ cis8 \change Staff = "lower" \stemUp bis16 ais bis cis dis8 } \\ { gis,,8 r8 r8 R4.*4 r8 eis'16 dis eis fis gis4.~ gis8 } >>
}
thePianoStaff = \new PianoStaff <<
\set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #""
\new Staff = "upper" \upper
\new Staff = "lower" \lower
>>
\score {
\keepWithTag #'print \thePianoStaff
\layout {
\context {
\Score
\remove "Metronome_mark_engraver"
}
}
}
\score {
\keepWithTag #'midi \thePianoStaff
\midi { }
}
}}
=Fugue=
The fugue has three voices and 35 measures. The subject is simply made from notes from the major triad, but has mutated many times throughout the whole fugue.{{harvp|Ledbetter|2002|pp=249-251}}
{{center|1=
\version "2.18.2"
\header {
tagline = ##f
}
\score {
\new Staff \with {
}
<<
\relative c {
\clef bass
\key cis \major
\time 4/4
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord"
%% SUJET fugue CBT II-3, BWV 872, ut-dièse majeur
r8 cis8 eis cis gis' r8 fis r8 | eis16 dis cis8~ cis16 dis eis cis | fis8
}
>>
\layout {
\context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" }
}
\midi {}
}
}}
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book
| last = Riemann
| first = Hugo
| title = Analysis of J.S. Bach's Wohltemperirtes Clavier : (48 preludes & fugues)
| year = 1890
| publisher = Augener & Co.
| location = London
| url = https://archive.org/details/analysisofjsbach00riemuoft
| translator-last = Shedlock
| translator-first = John South
| volume = 2
}}
- {{cite book
| last = Ledbetter
| first = David
| title = Bach's Well-tempered Clavier: The 48 Preludes and Fugues
| year = 2002
| publisher = Yale University Press
| jstor = j.ctt1npnnf
| isbn = 978-0-300-09707-8
| url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1npnnf
}}
{{refend}}
{{Compositions for Organ, Keyboard and Lute by Johann Sebastian Bach}}