President (corporate title)

{{Infobox Occupation

| name = President

| official_names = President

| activity_sector = Business

| competencies = Leadership, financial skills

| formation =

| related_occupation = CEO, executive officer, vice president, managing director, representative director, COO, general manager, chairman, vice-chairman

}}

A president is a leader of an organization, company, community, club, trade union, university or other group.{{Cite web|url=https://schoolofunityandconnectness.teachable.com/p/faqs|title=Example of Presidential Jobs |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407224350/https://schoolofunityandconnectness.teachable.com/p/faqs |archive-date=April 7, 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://schoolofunityandconnectness.teachable.com/p/administrating|title=Example of President and Leaders |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413000936/https://schoolofunityandconnectness.teachable.com/p/administrating |archive-date=April 13, 2019}} The relationship between a president and a chief executive officer varies, depending on the structure of the specific organization. In a similar vein to a chief operating officer, the title of corporate president as a separate position (as opposed to being combined with a "C-suite" designation, such as "president and chief executive officer" or "president and chief operating officer") is also loosely defined; the president is usually the legally recognized highest rank of corporate officer, ranking above the various vice presidents (including senior vice president and executive vice president), but on its own generally considered subordinate, in practice, to the CEO. The powers of a president vary widely across organizations and such powers come from specific authorization in the bylaws like Robert's Rules of Order (e.g. the president can make an "executive decision" only if the bylaws allow for it).{{Cite book|title = Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised|last = Robert|first = Henry M.|publisher = Da Capo Press|year = 2011|isbn = 978-0-306-82020-5|location = Philadelphia, PA|pages = 456|edition = 11th|display-authors=etal}}

History

Originally, the term president was used in the same way that foreman or overseer is used now (the term is still used in that sense today).{{cite web|title='President' Once Meant Little More Than 'Foreman'|first=Guy |last=Raz|date=December 14, 2013|work=npr.org|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=250990126|access-date=December 12, 2012}}{{Cite web|url = http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/president?s=t|title = President|access-date = December 19, 2015|website = Dictionary.com|quote = a person who presides.}} It has now also come to mean "chief officer" in terms of administrative or executive duties.

Powers and authority

File:AGM Annual General Meeting of a typical small (141 member) volunteer organisation.jpg

The powers of the president vary widely across organizations. In some organizations the president has the authority to hire staff and make financial decisions, while in others the president only makes recommendations to a board of directors, and still others the president has no executive powers and is mainly a spokesperson for the organization. The amount of power given to the president depends on the type of organization, its structure, and the rules it has created for itself.{{Harvard citation no brackets|Robert|2011|p = 456}}

In addition to administrative or executive duties in organizations, a president has the duties of presiding over meetings.{{Harvard citation no brackets|Robert|2011|p = 449}} Such duties at meetings include:

calling the meeting to order
determining if a quorum is present
announcing the items on the order of business or agenda as they come up
recognition of members to have the floor
enforcing the rules of the group
putting all questions (motions) to a vote
adjourning the meeting

While presiding, a president remains impartial and does not interrupt speakers if a speaker has the floor and is following the rules of the group.{{Harvard citation no brackets|Robert|2011|p = 44}}: "The presiding officer must never interrupt a speaker simply because he knows more about the matter than the speaker does." In committees or small boards, the president votes along with the other members. However, in assemblies or larger boards, the president should vote only when it can affect the result.{{Cite web|url = http://www.robertsrules.com/faq.html#1|title = Frequently Asked Questions about RONR (Question 1)|access-date = December 19, 2015|website = The Official Robert's Rules of Order Web Site|publisher = The Robert's Rules Association |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207130520/http://www.robertsrules.com/faq.html#1}} At a meeting, the president only has one vote (i.e. the president cannot vote twice and cannot override the decision of the group unless the organisation has specifically given the president such authority).{{Harvard citation no brackets|Robert|2011|p = 406}}

Disciplinary procedures

If the president exceeds the given authority, engages in misconduct, or fails to perform the duties, the president may face disciplinary procedures. Such procedures may include censure, suspension, or removal from office. The rules of the particular organization would provide details on who can perform these disciplinary procedures and the extent that they can be done.{{Cite web|url = http://www.robertsrules.com/faq.html#20|title = Frequently Asked Questions about RONR (Question 20)|access-date = December 24, 2015|website = The Official Robert's Rules of Order Web Site|publisher = The Robert's Rules Association |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207130520/http://www.robertsrules.com/faq.html#20}} Usually, whoever appointed or elected the president has the power to discipline this officer.

President-elect

Some organizations may have a position of president-elect in addition to the position of president. Generally the membership of the organization elects a president-elect and when the term of the president-elect is complete, that person automatically becomes president.{{Harvard citation no brackets|Robert|2011|p = 457}}

Immediate past president

Some organizations may have a position of immediate past president in addition to the position of president.{{Cite web|title = What is the Immediate Past President?|work=Association of Information Technology Professionals|url = https://www.aitp.org/news/123604/|access-date = January 30, 2016 |date=April 29, 2013 |last=Kubilus |first=Norbert |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906142938/https://www.aitp.org/news/123604/}}{{Cite web|title = President-Elect/President/Immediate Past President|url = http://www.asha.org/About/governance/BOD/President/|website = American Speech–Language–Hearing Association|access-date = January 30, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204065332/http://www.asha.org/About/governance/BOD/President/}}{{Cite web|title = President-elect, President or Immediate Past President Position Description|url = http://www.eatrightpro.org/resource/leadership/nominations-and-elections/national-leadership-positions/president-elect-or-president-position-description|website = eatrightpro.org|access-date = January 30, 2016|url-status=dead |archive-date=September 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930130214/http://www.eatrightpro.org/resource/leadership/nominations-and-elections/national-leadership-positions/president-elect-or-president-position-description}} In those organizations, when the term of the president is complete, that person automatically fills the position of immediate past president. The organization can have such a position only if the bylaws provide it.{{Harvard citation no brackets|Robert|2011|p = 572}} The duties of such a position would also have to be provided in the bylaws.

Life president

Life president is an honorary title often given to someone who has already served the organization for a long period in a major role.{{Cite web |date=August 13, 2024 |title=Tributes to Barrow AFC life president Brian Keen |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c14zn34xljno |last=Manning |first=Jonny |access-date=November 15, 2024 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2024 |title=Tributes paid to 'father figure' of region's RNLI |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvglxjdp1y0o |last1=Bedendo |first1=Federica |last2=Zeller |first2=Mike |access-date=November 15, 2024 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}