Preston Ware

Ware was an influential member of the "Mandarins of the Yellow Button" in Boston. The "Yellow Button" was a pin worn in the hats of Chinese imperial officials to indicate high rank in the civil service. The Boston Mandarins were a group of chess players in the late 19th century, including John Finan Barry, L. Dore, C. F. Burille, F. H. Harlow, Dr. Edward Mowry Harris, C. F. Howard, Major Otho Ernst Michaelis, General William Cushing Paine, Dr. H. Richardson, C. W. Snow, Henry Nathan Stone, Franklin Knowles Young, and Preston Ware. The group was the foundation of what would become the modern Deschapelles Chess Club in Boston.{{citation

| last=Brace | first=Edward R.

| year=1977 | title=An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess

| publisher=Hamlyn Publishing Group

| isbn=1-55521-394-4

| pages=177, 302}}

{{Chess diagram

| tright

| Ware vs. Steinitz, 1882

| | | | | | |kd|

| | |qd| | | |pd|

| | | |nd| |pd|pl|

|pd| | |bd| |pl| |

| | |pd|pl|pd|ql| |

|bd| |pl| |nl| |bl|

|pl|rd|bl| | | | |

| | | | | |rl|kl|

| Position after 37.Ne3

}}

{{algebraic notation|pos=example}}

Ware was an avid tournament player and played in the Second International Chess Tournament,[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=2117 Second International Chess Tournament], Vienna 1882 at Chessbase.com Vienna 1882, the finest chess tournament of its time. He finished in sixteenth place of eighteen scoring a total of 11 points out of 34, but he did beat Max Weiss and the winner of the tournament, Wilhelm Steinitz{{citation

| last=Whyld | first=Ken | author-link=Ken Whyld

| year=1986

| title=Chess: The Records

| publisher=Guinness Books

| isbn=0-85112-455-0

| page=38}} in a game lasting 113 moves.[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1001580 Ware's winning game against Steinitz] at Chessgames.com At the time, Steinitz had not lost or drawn a game for nine years prior to this tournament and was the unofficial World Champion. Ware also competed in the first, second, fourth and fifth American Chess Congresses.

At the Fifth American Chess Congress in 1880, Ware accused James Grundy of reneging on a deal to draw the game, with Grundy instead trying to play for a win.{{cite web|url=http://www.chesscafe.com/text/spinrad08.pdf|title=The Scandal of 1880, Part One|date=28 February 2006|access-date=8 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060228235045/http://www.chesscafe.com/text/spinrad08.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2006}}{{cite web |title=The Scandal of 1880, Part Two |url=http://www.chesscafe.com/text/spinrad09.pdf|date=28 February 2006|access-date=8 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060228235045/http://www.chesscafe.com/text/spinrad09.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2006}} A newspaper article contemporary to the event stated, "Ware's avowal of his right to sell a game in a tourney was a novelty in chess ethics ... Ware's veracity has not been questioned, only his obliquity of moral vision ..."

{{clear}}

Ware's other claim to fame was his eccentric opening play. He used the Ware Opening (then known as the Meadow Hay Opening), the Corn Stalk Defence (sometimes known as the Ware Defence), and the Stonewall Attack.

Around 1888, he reintroduced the Stone-Ware Defence to the Evans Gambit, 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4 Bxb4 5.c3 Bd6!?, named after Ware and Henry Nathan Stone (1823–1909). (It had originally been played by Alexander McDonnell against Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais in 1834.){{citation

| last1=Hooper | first1=David | author1-link=David Vincent Hooper

| last2=Whyld | first2=Kenneth | author2-link=Kenneth Whyld

| year=1992 | title=The Oxford Companion to Chess | edition=2

| publisher=Oxford University Press

| isbn=0-19-280049-3

| page=399}}

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=10423 Preston Ware's games] at ChessGames.com
• http://www.chesscafe.com/text/spinrad08.pdf (Includes a biography of Ware).

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Category:Chess theoreticians

Category:1821 births

Category:1890 deaths

Category:People from Wrentham, Massachusetts

Category:19th-century American chess players

Category:19th-century American sportsmen