Primary elections in Italy

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{{Politics of Italy}}

Primary elections were first introduced in Italy by Lega Nord in 1995,{{Citation needed |date=April 2020}} but were seldom used until before the 2005 regional elections.

In January 2005 the centre-left The Union coalition held open primaries in order to select its candidate for President in Apulia. More importantly, in October 2005, The Union asked its voters to choose the candidate for Prime Minister in the 2006 general election: 4.3 million voters showed up and Romano Prodi won hands down. Two years later, in October 2007: 3.5 million voters of the Democratic Party were called to elect Walter Veltroni as their first leader, the party's constituent assembly and regional leaders.

The centre-right (see House of Freedoms, The People of Freedom, centre-right coalition and Forza Italia) has held primary elections only at the local level.

Regulatory rules

There are no laws at country level to govern the conduct of any primary election.

In 2004 Tuscany introduced a regional law{{cite web | url=http://raccoltanormativa.consiglio.regione.toscana.it/articolo?urndoc=urn:nir:regione.toscana:legge:2004-12-17;70 | title=Legge regionale 17 dicembre 2004, n. 70 (in Italian) | accessdate=2012-10-03}} regulating primaries, but parties are not mandated to hold primaries. As of today, these rules were used in occasion of the 2005 regional election by the Democrats of the Left and Future Tuscany,{{cite web | url=http://web.rete.toscana.it/bddgpres/riepilogoRegionale.htm?id_comune=--&id_consultazione=133 | title=Regione Toscana:Banca Dati:Elezioni primarie 20 febbraio 2005 (in Italian) | accessdate=2012-10-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194119/http://web.rete.toscana.it/bddgpres/riepilogoRegionale.htm?id_comune=--&id_consultazione=133 | archive-date=2013-10-29 | url-status=dead }} and in the 2010 regional election by the Democratic Party and Left Ecology Freedom.{{cite web | url=http://web.rete.toscana.it/bddgpres/riepilogoRegionale.htm?id_comune=--&id_consultazione=198 | title=Regione Toscana:Banca Dati:Elezioni primarie 13 dicembre 2009 (in Italian) | accessdate=2012-10-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050450/http://web.rete.toscana.it/bddgpres/riepilogoRegionale.htm?id_comune=--&id_consultazione=198 | archive-date=2016-03-04 | url-status=dead }}

List of primary elections

The list includes the results of (open) primary elections for prime minister, president of region, mayor of a city with 150,000 inhabitants and leader of major party. All the following primaries were funded and ran by parties, with the sole exception of those for the Regional Council of Tuscany.

:Highlighted rows denote country-level primary elections.

:O : Open primary

:C: Closed primary

=2000s=

class="wikitable"

!width="15%"|Primary date(s)

!width="5%"|{{abbr|O / C|Open / Closed}}

!width="30%"|Party/Coalition

!width="20%"|Position(s)

!width="20%"|Winner

!width="5%"|Article

16 January 2005

|

|The Union

|President of Apulia

|Nichi Vendola

|

style="background:#FFDEAD;"

|16 October 2005

|style="text-align: center;"|O

|The Union

|Prime Minister of Italy

|Romano Prodi

|link

4 December 2005

|

|The Union

|President of Sicily

|Rita Borsellino

|

29 January 2005

|

|The Union

|Mayor of Milan

|Bruno Ferrante

|

4 February 2007

|

|The Union

|Mayor of Genoa

|Marta Vincenzi

|

4 February 2007

|

|The Union

|Mayor of Palermo

|Leoluca Orlando

|

style="background:#FFDEAD;"

|14 October 2007

|style="text-align: center;"|O

|Democratic Party

|Party leader

|Walter Veltroni

|link

14 December 2008

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Bologna

|Flavio Delbono

|

14 February 2009

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Florence

|Matteo Renzi

|

style="background:#FFDEAD;"

|25 October 2009

|style="text-align: center;"|O

|Democratic Party

|Party leader

|Pier Luigi Bersani

|link

=2010s=

class="wikitable"

!width="15%"|Primary date(s)

!width="5%"|{{abbr|O / C|Open / Closed}}

!width="30%"|Party/Coalition

!width="20%"|Position(s)

!width="20%"|Winner

!width="5%"|Article

24 January 2010

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Apulia

|Nichi Vendola{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2010/01/24/news/puglia_decine_di_migliaia_in_fila_per_le_primarie_si_vota_fino_alle_21_vendola_vuole_la_riconferma-2059019/|title=Puglia, quasi 200mila al voto per le primarie – Vendola verso la vittoria: "Siamo al 70%"|date=January 24, 2010|work=La Repubblica|accessdate=January 24, 2010}}

|

24 January 2010

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Venice

|Giorgio Orsoni{{cite news|url=http://nuovavenezia.gelocal.it/dettaglio/primarie-in-tredicimila-al-voto-il-risultato-arriva-in-serata/1838570|title=Orsoni vince le primarie. Sarà lui a sfidare Brunetta. Il ministro: "Ora comincia il vero confronto"|date=January 24, 2010|work=La Nuova|accessdate=January 24, 2010}}

|

7 February 2010

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Umbria

|Catiuscia Marini{{cite news|url=http://www.tgcom.mediaset.it/politica/articoli/articolo473372.shtml|title=Umbria, Marini vince primarie Pd

|publisher=TGCOM|accessdate=February 7, 2010|date=February 8, 2010}}

|

14 February 2010

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Calabria

|Agazio Loiero{{cite news|url=http://www.lastampa.it/redazione/cmsSezioni/politica/201002articoli/52241girata.asp|title=Primarie in Calabria, Loiero candidato ufficiale Pd|work=La Stampa|accessdate=February 15, 2010|date=February 15, 2010}}

|

14 November 2010

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Milan

|Giuliano Pisapia

|link

12 December 2010

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Trieste

|Roberto Cosolini{{Cite web|url=http://ricerca.gelocal.it/messaggeroveneto/archivio/messaggeroveneto/2010/12/13/GO_06_REGA4.html|title=Primarie a Trieste: Cosolini candidato sindaco del Pd - Messaggero Veneto|website=Archivio - Messaggero Veneto}}

|

23 January 2011

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Bologna

|Virginio Merola

|

23 January 2011

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Naples

|Andrea Cozzolino{{efn|name=replaced}}

|

30 January 2011

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Cagliari

|Massimo Zedda

|

27 February 2011

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Turin

|Piero Fassino

|

4 December 2011

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Verona

|Michele Bertuccohttp://www.larena.it/stories/380_in_piazza/312820_primarie_del_centrosinistra_5000_al_voto_vince_bertucco/ {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}

|

29 January 2012

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Parma

|Vincenzo Bernazzoli{{cite news|url=http://www.gazzettadiparma.it/primapagina/dettaglio/1/119962/Primarie%3A_ha_vinto_Bernazzoli_con_il_48%25_DallOlio_36.html|title=Primarie: ha vinto Bernazzoli con il 48%. Dall'Olio al 36%|date=29 January 2012|accessdate=5 March 2012|work=Gazzetta di Parma}}

|

12 February 2012

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Genoa

|Marco Doria{{Cite web|url=http://www.pdgenova.it/index.php/component/docman/doc_download/129-risultati-primaria2012|title=Partito Democratico Genova|website=www.pdgenova.it}}

|

4 March 2012

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Palermo

|Fabrizio Ferrandelli

|

style="background:#FFDEAD;"

|25 November 2012

|style="text-align: center;"|O

|Democratic Party and allies

|Prime Minister of Italy

|Pier Luigi Bersani{{cite web |url=https://www.primarieitaliabenecomune.it/risultati-definitivi-ballottaggio |title=Risultati definitivi Ballottaggio | Italia. Bene Comune |accessdate=2012-12-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209181559/http://www.primarieitaliabenecomune.it/risultati-definitivi-ballottaggio |archivedate=2012-12-09 }}

|link

15 December 2012

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Lombardy

|Umberto Ambrosoli{{Cite web|url=http://milano.corriere.it/milano/notizie/politica/12_dicembre_15/affluenza-primarie-seggi-centrosinistra-ambrosoli-di-stefano-kustermann-2113174389289.shtml|title=Lombardia, il centrosinistra ha scelto Il trionfo di Ambrosoli con il 57,64%|first=Redazione Milano|last=online|website=Corriere della Sera Milano}}

|

7 April 2013

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Rome

|Ignazio Marino{{Cite web|url=http://roma.corriere.it/roma/notizie/politica/13_aprile_7/primarie-seggi-roma-212531243198.shtml|title=Primarie, Marino vince sfiorando 50% dei voti Il senatore:"A Roma cambieremo tutto"|first=Carlotta|last=De Leo|website=Corriere della Sera Roma}}

|

14 April 2013

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Brescia

|Emilio Del Bono{{Cite web|url=http://brescia.corriere.it/brescia/notizie/politica/13_aprile_15/emilio-delbono-candidato-sindaco-centrosinistra-vince-primarie-212648484049.shtml|title=Primarie del centrosinistra, Vince Del Bono|first=Italia|last=Brontesi|website=Corriere della Sera Brescia}}

|

13 July 2013

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Trentino

|Ugo Rossi{{Cite web|url=http://www.corriere.it/politica/13_luglio_13/pd-primarie-trentino-rossi-in-testa_fa376650-ec05-11e2-8187-31118fc65ff2.shtml|title=Pd, oltre 23 mila alle primarie in Trentino Vince l'autonomista Ugo Rossi|first=Redazione|last=Online|date=July 13, 2013|website=Corriere della Sera}}

|

22 September 2013

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Basilicata

|Marcello Pittella{{Cite web |url=http://www.europaquotidiano.it/2013/09/23/in-basilicata-primarie-al-fotofinish-vince-marcello-pittella/ |title=In Basilicata primarie al fotofinish: Vince Marcello Pittella | Europa Quotidiano |access-date=2013-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104014414/http://www.europaquotidiano.it/2013/09/23/in-basilicata-primarie-al-fotofinish-vince-marcello-pittella/ |archive-date=2013-11-04 |url-status=dead }}

|

29 September 2013

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Sardinia

|Francesca Barracciu{{Cite web|url=https://www.unionesarda.it/articolo/politica_italiana/2013/09/27/primarie_centrosinistra_sfida_a_cinque_si_vota_domenica_barracciu_favorita-1-331703.html|title=Il centrosinistra sceglie la Barracciu Risultati primarie: l'eurodeputata al 44% - Politica|date=September 30, 2013|website=L'Unione Sarda.it}}{{efn|name=replaced}}

|

style="background:#FFDEAD;"

|8 December 2013

|style="text-align: center;"|O

|Democratic Party

|Party leader

|Matteo Renzi{{Cite web|url=https://www.primariepd2013.it/|title=Buono in Cucina – Recensioni sugli Elettrodomestici da Cucina|website=PRIMARIE}}

|link

2 February 2014

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Padua

|Ivo Rossi{{Cite web|url=https://mattinopadova.gelocal.it/padova/cronaca/2014/02/02/news/in-diretta-primarie-del-centrosinistra-bassa-l-affluenza-1.8590250|title=IN DIRETTA / Primarie del centrosinistra, vince Ivo Rossi|date=February 2, 2014|website=Il Mattino di Padova}}

|

23 February 2014

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Bari

|Antonio Decaro{{Cite web|url=http://bari.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/02/23/news/bari_le_primarie_del_centrosinistra-79339557/|title=Liveblog - Bari, primarie al veleno: l'ombra del voto inquinato. Vince il deputato Decaro (Pd): "Hanno tentato di rovinarci la festa"|date=February 22, 2014|website=Repubblica.it}}

|

style="background:#FFDEAD;"

|23 February 2014

|

|Brothers of Italy

|Party leader

|Giorgia Meloni{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/interni/fratelli-ditalia-ritorno-fiamma-primarie-scelgono-simbolo-e-996532.html|title=Fratelli d'Italia, ritorno di fiamma: le primarie scelgono simbolo e presidente nazionale|first=Ivan|last=Francese|website=ilGiornale.it|date=26 February 2014}}

|

2 March 2014

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Modena

|Gian Carlo Muzzarelli{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/modena/politica/2014/03/02/1033489-primarie-pd-modena-muzzarelli.shtml|title=Primarie Pd, Muzzarelli vince con 700 voti sulla Maletti|first=il Resto del|last=Carlino|website=il Resto del Carlino|date=2 March 2014}}

|

2 March 2014

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Reggio Emilia

|Luca Vecchi{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/reggio_emilia/politica/2014/03/02/1033503-pd-primarie-luca-vecchi.shtml|title=Primarie, Luca Vecchi è il candidato sindaco del centrosinistra. Caos stranieri|first=il Resto del|last=Carlino|website=il Resto del Carlino|date=2 March 2014}}

|

9 March 2014

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Foggia

|Augusto Marasco{{Cite web|url=http://www.foggiatoday.it/politica/elezioni/comunali-foggia-2014/risultati-primarie-foggia-chi-ha-vinto.html|title=Primarie mettono fine all'era Mongelli: è Marasco il candidato sindaco|website=FoggiaToday}}

|

16 March 2014

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Livorno

|Marco Ruggeri{{Cite web|url=https://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/politica/11571546/pd-livorno-marco-ruggeri-trionfa-con-il-76-5-a-primarie-a-sindaco.html|title=Pd: Livorno, Marco Ruggeri trionfa con il 76,5% a primarie a sindaco|website=www.liberoquotidiano.it}}

|

23 March 2014

|

|Democratic Party

|Mayor of Florence

|Dario Nardella{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2014-03-24/firenze-primarie-pd-si-conferma-candidato-sindaco-nardella-080305.shtml?uuid=ABUFKB5|title=Firenze, alle primarie del Pd si conferma candidato sindaco Nardella|website=Il Sole 24 ORE}}

|

28 September 2014

|

|Democratic Party

|President of Emilia-Romagna

|Stefano Bonaccini{{Cite web|url=http://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/09/28/news/un_flop_per_le_primarie_del_pd_crolla_l_affluenza_a_bologna_e_in_regione-96849911/|title=Primarie, vince Bonaccini. Renzi: "E' il candidato di tutto il Pd" in Emilia Romagna. Flop affluenza|date=September 28, 2014|website=Repubblica.it}}

|

5 October 2014

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Calabria

|Mario Oliverio{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2014/10/06/news/oliverio_vince_le_primarie_del_centrosinistra_in_calabria_risultato_straordinario-97435851/|title=Oliverio vince le primarie del centrosinistra in Calabria: "Risultato straordinario"|date=October 6, 2014|website=Repubblica.it}}

|

30 November 2014

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Veneto

|Alessandra Moretti{{Cite web|url=http://corrieredelveneto.corriere.it/veneto/notizie/politica/2014/30-novembre-2014/primarie-seggi-chiusi-veneto-pd-superato-spettro-emilia-230643883640.shtml|title=Primarie, il Veneto sceglie Moretti "La battaglia inizia adesso"|first=Marco|last=Bonet|date=November 30, 2014|website=Corriere del Veneto}}

|

30 November 2014

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Apulia

|Michele Emiliano{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2014/12/01/primarie-centrosinistra-trionfo-emiliano-in-puglia-moretti-si-prende-veneto/1242844/|title=Primarie Puglia: trionfa Emiliano. Moretti si prende il Veneto|date=December 1, 2014|website=Il Fatto Quotidiano}}

|

11 January 2015

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Liguria

|Raffaella Paita{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/01/12/primarie-liguria-vince-paita-cofferati-irregolarita-procura/1332600/|title=Primarie Liguria, vince Raffaella Paita. Cofferati: "Troppe irregolarità"|date=January 12, 2015|website=Il Fatto Quotidiano}}

|

1 March 2015

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Marche

|Luca Ceriscioli{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2015/03/01/news/regionali_primarie_del_centrosinistra_nelle_marche-108450464/|title=Regionali, primarie del centrosinistra nelle Marche: vince Ceriscioli|date=March 1, 2015|website=Repubblica.it}}

|

1 March 2015

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Campania

|Vincenzo De Luca{{Cite web|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2015/03/01/italia/primarie-in-campania-si-vota-dopo-le-polemiche-hWhWKuwrakHI8ngSb6DHYM/pagina.html|title=Primarie, in Campania vince De Luca: "Sarà una rivoluzione democratica"|website=LaStampa.it|date=2 March 2015}}

|

16 March 2015

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Venice

|Felice Casson{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2015/03/15/news/primarie_venezia_-109580020/|title=Venezia, Casson vince le primarie: sarà candidato sindaco del centrosinistra|date=March 15, 2015|website=Repubblica.it}}

|

7 February 2016

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Milan

|Giuseppe Sala{{Cite web|url=http://milano.corriere.it/notizie/politica/16_febbraio_07/primarie-pd-centrosinistra-candidato-sindaco-risultati-balzani-sala-majorino-iannetta-978fde98-cdc5-11e5-9bb8-c57cba20e8ac.shtml|title=Primarie del centrosinistra a Milano, Beppe Sala sarà il candidato sindaco|date=February 7, 2016|website=Corriere della Sera}}

|link

6 March 2016

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Naples

|Valeria Valente{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2016-03-07/a-roma-vince-roberto-giachetti-napoli-valeria-valente-070807.shtml?uuid=ACwSV1iC|title=Primarie, minoranza Pd polemica su affluenza Roma: "Elettori delusi"|website=Il Sole 24 ORE}}

|

6 March 2016

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Rome

|Roberto Giachetti

|

6 March 2016

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Trieste

|Roberto Cosolini{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilfriuli.it/articolo/Politica/Roberto_Cosolini_vince_le_primarie_del_centrosinistra_a_Trieste/3/152699|title=Roberto Cosolini vince le primarie del centrosinistra a Trieste - Il Friuli|website=www.ilfriuli.it}}

|

5 March 2017

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Parma

|Paolo Scarpa{{Cite web|url=http://parma.repubblica.it/cronaca/2017/03/05/news/primarie_a_parma_vince_scarpa-159841106/|title=Primarie a Parma, vince Scarpa: è il candidato sindaco del centrosinistra|date=March 5, 2017|website=Repubblica.it}}

|

2 April 2017

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Verona

|Orietta Salemi{{Cite web|url=http://www.larena.it/permanent-link/1.5603751|title=Primarie, il Pd lancia Orietta Salemi sindaco|first=Società Editrice Athesis|last=S.p.A|website=L'Arena.it}}

|

style="background:#FFDEAD;"

|30 April 2017

|style="text-align: center;"|O

|Democratic Party

|Party leader

|Matteo Renzi{{Cite web|url=https://www.dirittoeconomia.it/|title=Primarie | Partito Democratico}}

|link

style="background:#FFDEAD;"

|14 May 2017

|style="text-align: center;"|C

|Lega Nord

|Party leader

|Matteo Salvini{{cite news |title=Matteo Salvini ha vinto le primarie della Lega Nord |url=https://www.ilpost.it/2017/05/13/primarie-lega-nord/ |accessdate=11 February 2020 |work=Il Post |date=13 May 2017 |language=it-IT}}

|

24 February 2019

|

|Centre-right coalition

|Mayor of Bari

|Pasquale Di Rella{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/primarie-centrodestra-pasquale-rella-candidato-bari-1651692.html|title=Primarie centrodestra, Pasquale Di Rella candidato a Bari|first=Chiara|last=Sarra|website=ilGiornale.it|date=25 February 2019}}

|

24 February 2019

|

|Centre-right coalition

|Mayor of Foggia

|Franco Landella{{Cite web|url=https://www.foggiatoday.it/politica/franco-landella-vincitore-primarie-centrodestra-foggia.html|title=La Foggia del centrodestra non cambia guida: il candidato sindaco è Franco Landella, ko Miranda e Iaccarino|website=FoggiaToday}}

|

style="background:#FFDEAD;"

|3 March 2019

|style="text-align: center;"|O

|Democratic Party

|Party leader

|Nicola Zingaretti{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtrend.it/2019/03/03/primarie-pd-i-risultati-in-diretta/|title=Primarie PD: i risultati in diretta|date=March 3, 2019}}

|link

{{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=replaced|Candidate who was replaced by another candidate without a primary vote in the run-up of the general election.}}

}}

=2020s=

class="wikitable"

!width="15%"|Primary date(s)

!width="5%"|{{abbr|O / C|Open / Closed}}

!width="30%"|Party/Coalition

!width="20%"|Position(s)

!width="20%"|Winner

!width="5%"|Article

12 January 2020

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Apulia

|Michele Emiliano{{cite news |title=Primarie Pd in Puglia, vince Michele Emiliano con il 70%: è di nuovo il candidato governatore. Alle urne in 80mila: affluenza in calo |url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2020/01/13/primarie-pd-in-puglia-vince-michele-emiliano-con-il-70-e-di-nuovo-il-candidato-governatore-alle-urne-in-80mila-affluenza-in-calo/5666798/ |accessdate=11 February 2020 |work=Il Fatto Quotidiano |date=13 January 2020 |language=it-IT}}

| link

12–13 June 2021

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Turin

|Stefano Lo Russo

|link

20 June 2021

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Bologna

|Matteo Lepore

|link

20 June 2021

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Mayor of Rome

|Roberto Gualtieri

|link

23 July 2022

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|President of Sicily

|Caterina Chinnici

|link

style="background:#FFDEAD;"

|15 March 2023

|

|Democratic Party and allies

|Party Leader

|Elly Schlein

|

References