Prince Antasari
{{Short description|20th Sultan of Banjar (1862)}}
{{Infobox monarch
|name = Prince Antasari
ڤڠيرن انتساري
|title = Khalīfat al-Muʾminīn
|image =Pangeran Antasari Museum Lambung Mangkurat.JPG
|imagesize =
|succession=Sultan of Banjar
|caption =Painting of Prince Antasari at the Lambung Mangkurat Museum.
|reign =14 March 1862 – 11 October 1862
|predecessor =Hidayatullah II
|successor =Muhammad Seman
| spouses = {{unbulleted list|Queen Idjah|Nyai Fatimah|Nyai Nala Nalaw}}
|issue = {{unbulleted list|Queen Hasiah|Panembahan Muhammad Said|Muhammad Seman|Princess Kaidah|Muhammad Gaoeng Mathias Gaung|Princess Selamah}}
|royal house =Banjarmasin
|father = Prince Mas'ud
|mother =Ratu Khadijah
|regnal name = توان كبوه دولي يڠ مها مليا ڤدوك ڤانمبهان امير الدين خليفة المؤمنين ڤڠيرن انتساري
Tuan Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Panembahan Amiruddin Khalifatul Mukminin Pangeran Antasari
| posthumous name = ڤانمبهان امير الدين
Panembahan Amiruddin
| birth_name = Gusti Inu Kartapati
| birth_place = Kayu Tangi, Sultanate of Banjar.
| birth_date = 1809
| death_date = {{death date and age|1862|10|11|1809|df=yes}}{{cite book|pages=|url=http://books.google.co.id/books?id=rVQoHVbUNvIC&pg=PA19&dq=sultan+banjar&hl=id&ei=z4FQTJ-DCYvEvQOR_om_Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=sultan%20banjar&f=true|author=Ajisaka|title=Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia (ed. Revisi)|publisher=Kawan Pustaka|isbn=978-979-757-278-5}}
| death_place = Bayan Begok, Central Kalimantan.
| signature_type = Seal
| signature = 60px
| module = National Hero of Indonesia
S.K. President No. 06/TK/1968 dated 27 March 1968
}}
Prince Antasari, ({{langx|bjn|ڤڠيرن انتساري|translit=Pangéran Antasari}}; 1809 – 11 October 1862) titled Khalifatul Mukminin ({{lit|Caliph of the Believers}}) was 20th Sultan of Banjar who ruled in 1862,{{Cite web |url=http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/seasiaisl.html#Bandjarmasin |title=Regnal Chronologies Southeast Asia: the Islands |access-date=2020-04-03 |archive-date=2018-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111003919/http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/seasiaisl.html#Bandjarmasin |url-status=dead }} and is one of the important figures in the Banjarmasin War.{{Cite web|url=http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/seasiaisl.html#Bandjarmasin |title=Regnal Chronologies Southeast Asia: the Islands |access-date=2009-12-22 |archive-date=2018-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111003919/http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/seasiaisl.html#Bandjarmasin |url-status=dead }}{{cite book|pages=57|title=Pangeran Antasari: pahlawan kemerdekaan nasional dari Kalimantan|first=Ahmad|last=Basuni|publisher=Bina Ilmu|year=1986}} In 1968, he was posthumously named a National Hero of Indonesia.
Biography
Antasari was born in 1809.{{harvnb|Soedarmanto|2007|p=161}} He was son of Prince Mashud and grandson of Prince Amir.{{harvnb|Komandoko|2006|p=54}} He was a prince from a line of the royal family whose power had been usurped in the 18th century.{{harvnb|Ricklefs|2001|p=180}}
Antasari was concerned about the coronation of Sultan Tamjid (or Tamjidillah), instead of Prince Hidayat (or Hidayatullah), as the replacement to Sultan Adam in Banjar in 1859; Tamjidillah's coronation was backed by the Dutch colonials, who were looking to sow unrest and discord to make their attempts to take over Borneo easier.{{harvnb|Komandoko|2006|p=52}} As Antasari wanted to repel the Dutch, he cooperated with the leaders of Martapura, Kapuas, Pelaihari, Barito, and Kahayan. He was also aided by Hidayatullah and Demang Leman.{{harvnb|Soedarmanto|2007|p=160}}{{harvnb|Ajisaka|2008|p=19}}
On 18 April 1859, the Banjarmasin War broke out between Antasari's alliance, which was able to field some 6,000 armed men, and the Dutch. The war took place mainly in South and Central Kalimantan.{{harvnb|Soedarmanto|2007|pp=160–161}} Antasari's forces attacked the Dutch in Gunung Jabuk and also the Dutch coal mines in Pengaron.{{harvnb|Ajisaka|2008|pp=19–20}} Meanwhile, his allies attacked other Dutch posts.{{harvnb|Poesponegoro|Notosusanto|2008|p=277}} They also attacked Dutch ships, killing Lieutenants Van der Velde and Bangert when they sank the ship Onrust in December 1859.{{harvnb|Komandoko|2006|p=55}} Antasari rejected Dutch attempts to negotiate an end to the war, in which they offered him wealth and power in exchange for his surrender.
In early August 1860, Antasari's forces were in Ringkau Katan. They were defeated in a battle on 9 August, after Dutch reinforcements had arrived from Amuntai.{{harvnb|Poesponegoro|Notosusanto|2008|p=279}} Hidayatullah was exiled to Java, but Antasari, who succeeded him as Sultan, together with Prince Miradipa and Tumenggung Mancanegara, defended Tundakan fort on 24 September 1861. He also defended a fort in Mount Tongka on 8 November 1861 with Gusti Umar and Tumenggung Surapati.{{harvnb|Poesponegoro|Notosusanto|2008|p=280}}
File:Makam Pahlawan Nasional Pangeran Antasari.jpg
In October 1862, Antasari was planning a big attack. However, an outbreak of smallpox led to his death on 11 October 1862. He was buried in Banjarmasin; and several other resistance leaders, from different periods, were later buried there; the place was later named the Antasari Heroes' Cemetery.{{harvnb|Banjarmasin Government, Makam Pangeran Antasari}} After Antasari's death, his son, Muhammad Seman, continued his struggle against the Dutch.{{harvnb|Komandoko|2006|p=56}} The resistance ended with Seman's death in 1905.
His son pangeran Hijrah has 10 granddaughters with his daughters, and has 20 great-granddaughters with his granddaughter.
Legacy
File:2000 rupiah bill, 2009 series (2014 date), processed, obverse+reverse.jpg. Bornean dancers can be seen on the reverse.]]
Antasari was given the title 'Panembahan Amiruddin Khaliful Mukmin' on 14 March 1862 by his people, which made him a religious leader for his people. He was declared a National Hero of Indonesia in 1968 by President Suharto through presidential decree No. 06/TK/1968.{{harvnb|Ajisaka|2008|p=20}}
In the mid-1990s a documentary on Antasari's life was made.{{sfn|Sudarman 2010, Robert Germain Guilbert:}} Antasari is featured on the obverse of the 2009 series 2,000 rupiah bill, which shows traditional Bornean dancers on the reverse.{{harvnb|The Jakarta Post 2009, Rp 2,000 bills}}
References
{{Reflist|2}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVQoHVbUNvIC |title=Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia |first=Arya |last=Ajisaka |edition=Revised |year=2008 |publisher=Kawan Pustaka |location=Jakarta |isbn=9789797572785 }}
- {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7C2eJUfBycC |title=Kisah 124 Pahlawan dan Pejuang Nusantara |first=Gamal |last=Komandoko |year=2006 |publisher=Pustaka Widyatama |location=Yogyakarta |isbn=9789796610907 }}
- {{cite web
|title=Makam Pangeran Antasari
|trans-title=Prince Antasari Graveyard
|url=http://banjarmasinkota.go.id/wisata/objek-wisata/makam-p-antasari.html
|publisher=Banjarmasin City Government
|access-date=13 March 2012
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414005958/http://banjarmasinkota.go.id/wisata/objek-wisata/makam-p-antasari.html
|archive-date=14 April 2012
|url-status=live
|ref={{harvid|Banjarmasin Government, Makam Pangeran Antasari}}
}}
- {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sejarah-nasional-indonesia-jilid-4-penjajahan-indo |title=Kemunculan Penjajahan di Indonesia |series=Sejarah Nasional Indonesia |first=Marwati Djoened |volume=4 |last=Poesponegoro |first2=Nugroho |last2=Notosusanto |author-link2=Nugroho Notosusanto |year=2008 |publisher=Balai Pustaka |location=Jakarta |isbn=9789794074107 }}
- {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0GrWCmZoEBMC |title=A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1200 |first=MC |last=Ricklefs |author-link=MC Ricklefs |edition=3rd |year=2001 |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Stanford, California |isbn=9780804744805 }}
- {{cite news
|title=Rp 2,000 bills most popular banknotes this season
|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/09/08/rp-2000-bills-most-popular-banknotes-season.html
|date=8 September 2009
|work=The Jakarta Post
|access-date=13 March 2012
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717184016/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/09/08/rp-2000-bills-most-popular-banknotes-season.html
|archive-date=17 July 2014
|url-status=live
|ref={{harvid|The Jakarta Post 2009, Rp 2,000 bills}}
}}
- {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a53K2ngY_Y8C |title=Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan: Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia |first=J. B. |last=Soedarmanto |year=2007 |publisher=Grasindo |location=Jakarta |isbn=9789797597160 }}
- {{cite news
|title=Robert Germain Guilbert: Actor by accident
|last=Sudarman
|first=Simon
|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/01/22/robert-germain-guilbert-actor-accident.html
|date=22 January 2010
|work=The Jakarta Post
|access-date=13 March 2012
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201117/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/01/22/robert-germain-guilbert-actor-accident.html
|archive-date=4 March 2016
|url-status=live
|ref={{harvid|Sudarman 2010, Robert Germain Guilbert:}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{National Heroes of Indonesia}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Antasari, Prince}}
Category:19th-century Indonesian people
Category:National Heroes of Indonesia