Prince Hall

Hall was born between 1735 and 1738.{{r|Black Square & Compass}}{{r|Gray p. 42}}{{efn|Death notices which link Prince Hall to African Lodge, published on December 7, 1807, say he died at the age of 72, suggesting he was born in 1735.{{cite book|last1=Walkes|first1=Joseph|title=Black Square & Compass|date=1981|publisher=Macoy|location=Richmond, Virginia|page=3}} A deposition dated August 31, 1807 records his age as "about 70 years".{{cite book|last1=Gray|first1=David|title=Inside Prince Hall|date=2003|publisher=Anchor Communications|location=Lancaster, Virginia|page=42}} A letter written in 1795 by Reverend Jeremy Belknap, a founder of the Massachusetts Historical Society, places Halls' birth in 1737 or 1738, based upon Prince Hall's stated age when Hall and Belknap met.{{r|Phylaxis}}}} His place of birth and parents are also unclear.{{r|Phylaxis}}{{efn|The exact location where Prince Hall was born remains unknown. William H. Grimshaw asserted in his 1903 The Official History of Freemasonry among the Colored People in North America, that Hall was born in Bridgetown, Barbados, in 1748. Grimshaw believed Hall was the son of English leather merchant Thomas Hall, and his mother was of French descent.{{r|Phylaxis}} Historian Charles H. Wesley, in his 1977 work Prince Hall Life and Legacy, said there are unsubstantiated claims that William Hall was his father and his mother was a free woman of color.{{r|Phylaxis}} While Wesley and Walkes were keen to debunk Grimshaw and prove where Prince Hall was not born, they could not discover where he was born. Historian James Sidbury said: "It is more likely that he was a native of New England."}} Hall mentioned in his writings that New England was his homeland. The Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, in its Proceedings of 1906, opted for 1738, relying on a letter from Reverend Jeremy Belknap, a founder of the Massachusetts Historical Society.{{cite web | url=http://www.thephylaxis.org/phylaxis/grimshaw.php | title=The Grimshaw Offensive | publisher=The Phylaxis, The Phylaxis Society | author=John B. Williams|date=September 2007 |access-date=2021-02-13}} Hall's birthday is traditionally celebrated on September 14.

Hall's early years are unclear. Historian Charles H. Wesley theorized that by age 11, Hall was enslaved{{r|wgbh}} (or in service){{r|Phylaxis}} to Boston tanner William Hall, and by 1770 was a free, literate man{{r|Greene p. 241}} and had been always accounted as a free man.{{r|wgbh}}{{efn|Wesley developed a theory about Prince Hall's early years. Based upon his research, by age 11, Prince Hall was enslaved by Boston tanner William Hall. By 1770, Prince Hall was a free, literate black man living in Boston.{{cite book|author=Lorenzo Johnston Greene|title=Prince Hall: Massachusetts Leader in Crisis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HpJflAEACAAJ|access-date=25 April 2013|year=1961|publisher=Bobbs-Merrill|page=241}} A manumission certificate for Prince Hall, dated one month after the Boston Massacre in April 1770, stated he was "no longer Reckoned a slave, but always accounted as a free man".}} It was through William Hall that Prince learned how to process and dress leather.{{cite book|author1=Manning Marable|author2=Leith Mullings|title=Let Nobody Turn Us Around: An African American Anthology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nCevgz253lMC&pg=PA17|date=January 16, 2009|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-0-7425-6545-6|pages=17–18}} Inside Prince Hall author and historian David L. Gray states that he was unable to find an official historical record of the manumission.{{r|Gray p. 41}}{{efn|The primary source of this claim that Prince Hall was enslaved came from an unoriginal manumission document found in the private diary of public notary Ezekiel Price (c. 1728–1802). This manumission was discovered by John Sherman and published in the Philalethes magazine in 1973. Historian and founder of the Phylaxis Society Joseph Walkes tried to locate original evidence of the manumission at the Massachusetts Historical Society and the Secretary of the Commonwealth, both without success. Historian David L. Gray noted: "The name Prince Hall, surprisingly, was not unique to the Boston area in the second half of the 18th century."{{cite book|last1=Gray|first1=David|title=Inside Prince Hall|date=2003|publisher=Anchor Communications|location=Lancaster, Virginia|page=41}}}} Hall was able to read and write, and may have been self-taught, or may have had assistance.{{efn|Sidbury contends that Hall was in Richmond, CA by 1763 (end of the Seven Years' War).}}

Hall encouraged enslaved and freed blacks to serve in the American colonial military. He believed that if blacks were involved in founding the new nation, it would aid in attaining freedom for all blacks.Loretta J. Williams, Black Freemasonry and Middle-Class Realities, (University of Missouri Press, 1980).{{cite book|author=William A. Muraskin|title=Middle-class Blacks in a White Society: Prince Hall Freemasonry in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tKoc4KF8u1cC&pg=PA33|access-date=25 April 2013|year=1975|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-02705-3|pages=33–}} Hall proposed that the Massachusetts Committee of Safety allow blacks to join the military. He and fellow supporters petition compared the Intolerable Acts with the enslavement of blacks. Their proposal was declined.{{cite book|title=What a Mighty Power We Can be: African American Fraternal Groups and the Struggle for Racial Equality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ku9aOC9OxnMC&pg=PA34|access-date=25 April 2013|year=2006|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-12299-1|pages=34}}

England issued a proclamation that guaranteed freedom to blacks who enlisted in the British Army. Once the British Army filled its ranks with black troops, the Continental Army reversed its decision and allowed blacks into the military.{{cite web | url=https://www.army.mil/article/97705/Black_Soldiers_in_the_Revolutionary_War/ | title=Black Soldiers in the Revolutionary War | publisher=The United States Army|date=February 27, 2013 | author=Elizabeth M. Collins, Soldiers Live |access-date=April 10, 2013}} It is believed, but not certain, that Hall was one of the six "Prince Halls" from Massachusetts to serve during the war.

Having served during the Revolutionary War, many African Americans expected, but did not receive, racial equality when the war ended. Intending to improve the lives of fellow African Americans, Hall collaborated with others to propose legislation for equal rights. He also hosted community events, such as educational forums and theatre events, to improve the lives of black people.

{{main|Prince Hall Freemasonry}}

{{Freemasonry}}

Hall was interested in the Masonic fraternity because Freemasonry was founded on liberty, equality, and peaceful ideals. Before the American Revolutionary War, Hall and fourteen other free black men petitioned for admittance to the all-white Boston St. John's Lodge.{{cite book|title=What a Mighty Power We Can be: African American Fraternal Groups and the Struggle for Racial Equality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ku9aOC9OxnMC&pg=PA34|access-date=25 April 2013|year=2006|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-12299-1|page=233}}Maurice Wallace, "Are We Men?: Prince Hall, Martin Delany, and the Masculine Ideal in Black Freemasonry", American Literary History, Vol. 9, No. 3.[http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/hall_p/hall_p.html Freemasonry British Columbia and Yukon. Prince Hall.] They were turned down. Having been rejected by colonial Freemasonry, Hall and 15 others sought and were initiated into Masonry by members of Lodge No. 441 of the Grand Lodge of Ireland on March 6, 1775.[http://www.princehall.org/history.html princehall.org A Brief History of Prince Hall Freemasonry in Massachusetts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401043020/http://www.princehall.org/history.html |date=April 1, 2013 }} Prince Hall. Retrieved July 16, 2012 The Lodge was attached to the British forces stationed in Boston. Hall and other freedmen founded African Lodge No. 1, and he was named Grand Master.

Image:PrinceHallMason.jpg

The black Masons had limited power; they could meet as a lodge, participate in the Masonic procession on St. John's Day, and bury their dead with Masonic rites but could not confer Masonic degrees or perform any other essential functions of a fully operating Lodge.Joanna Brooks, "Prince Hall Freemasonry, and Genealogy," African American Review, Vol. 34, No. 2. Unable to create a charter, they applied to the Grand Lodge of England. The grand master of the Mother Grand Lodge of England, H. R. H. The Duke of Cumberland, issued a charter for the African Lodge No. 1, later renamed African Lodge No. 459 September 29, 1784.Sidney Kaplan and Emma Nogrady Kaplan, The Black Presence in the Era of the American Revolution (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1989; {{ISBN|0-87023-663-6}}), p. 203. The lodge was the country's first African Masonic lodge.{{cite book|author=James Sidbury Professor of History University of Texas at Austin|title=Becoming African in America: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZCRrc4bZBkC|access-date=25 April 2013|date=29 August 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-804322-5|page=41}} On March 22, 1797, Hall organized a lodge in Philadelphia, called African Lodge #459, under what was known as Prince Hall's Charter. They later received their own charter. On June 25, 1797, he organized the African Lodge (later known as Hiram Lodge #3) at Providence, Rhode Island.{{cite web

|url = http://www.princehall.org/history/Ray%20Colemans%20History.pdf

|last = Coleman

|first = Raymond T.

|year = 2007

|title = Prince Hall History Education Class

|publisher = Prince Hall Grand Lodge Free and Accepted Masons Jurisdiction of Massachusetts

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223554/http://www.princehall.org/History/Ray%20Colemans%20History.pdf

|archive-date = March 3, 2016

|df = mdy-all

}}{{cite book|author=James Sidbury Professor of History University of Texas at Austin|title=Becoming African in America: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZCRrc4bZBkC|access-date=25 April 2013|date=29 August 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-804322-5|pages=68, 74}}

Author and historian James Sidbury wrote: {{blockquote|Prince Hall and those who joined him to found Boston's African Masonic Lodge built a fundamentally new "African" movement on a preexisting institutional foundation. Within that movement, they asserted emotional, mythical, and genealogical links to the continent of Africa and its peoples.{{cite book|author=James Sidbury Professor of History University of Texas at Austin|title=Becoming African in America: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZCRrc4bZBkC|access-date=25 April 2013|date=29 August 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-804322-5|page=73}}}}

After Hall died on December 4, 1807, the brethren organized the African Grand Lodge on June 24, 1808, including the Philadelphia, Providence, and Boston lodges. African Grand Lodge declared independence from the United Grand Lodge of England and all other lodges in 1827. In 1847, they renamed Prince Hall Grand Lodge to honor their founder.

Hall was considered the "father of African Freemasonry."{{cite book|author=James Sidbury |title=Becoming African in America: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZCRrc4bZBkC|access-date=25 April 2013|date=29 August 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-804322-5|page=74}} Hall said of civic activities: {{blockquote|My brethren, let us pay all due respect to all who God had put in places of honor over us: do justly and be faithful to them that hire you and treat them with the respect they may deserve but worship no man. Worship God, this much is your duty as Christians and as masons.{{cite book|author=Charles Harris Wesley|title=Prince Hall, life and legacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHcbAQAAMAAJ|access-date=25 April 2013|year=1983|publisher=United Supreme Council, Southern Jurisdiction, Prince Hall Affiliation|pages=115–117}}{{cite book|author=James Sidbury Professor of History University of Texas at Austin|title=Becoming African in America: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZCRrc4bZBkC|access-date=25 April 2013|date=29 August 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-804322-5|pages=236–237}}}}

File:Prince Hall MA Legislature 1788a.jpg

File:Prince Hall MA Legislature 1788c.jpg

Hall worked within the state political arena to advance the rights of blacks, end slavery, and protect free blacks from being kidnapped by slave traders. He proposed a back-to-Africa movement, pressed for equal educational opportunities, and operated a school for African Americans in his home. He engaged in public speaking and debate, citing Christian scripture against slavery to a predominantly Christian legislative body.{{cite book|author=Lorenzo Johnston Greene|title=Prince Hall: Massachusetts Leader in Crisis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HpJflAEACAAJ|access-date=25 April 2013|year=1961|publisher=Bobbs-Merrill|page=288}}

Hall requested that the Massachusetts Congress create a school program for black children. He cited the same platform for fighting the American Revolution of "Taxation without Representation."Joanna Brooks, "Prince Hall, Freemasonry, and Genealogy," Indiana State University, 34.2 (2000): 197–216. Print. Hall and other Black Bostonians wanted a separate school to distance themselves from white supremacy and create well-educated Black citizens.{{Cite journal|last=Mills|first=ShaVonte'|date=November 2021|title=An African School for African Americans: Black Demands for Education in Antebellum Boston|journal=History of Education Quarterly|language=en|volume=61|issue=4|pages=478–502|doi=10.1017/heq.2021.38|s2cid=240357493 |issn=0018-2680|doi-access=free}} Although Hall's arguments were logical, his two attempts at passing legislation through the Massachusetts Congress both failed.{{Cite book |last=Johnson |first=George D. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Profiles_In_Hue/OANpT_Bl1c8C?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA96&printsec=frontcover |title=Profiles In Hue |date=2011-01-17 |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=978-1-4568-5120-0 |page=96 |language=en |via=Google Books}} Hall then started a school program for free black children out of his own home with a focus on Liberal Arts and classical education.

Hall is known for giving speeches and writing petitions. In a speech given to the Boston African Masonic Lodge, Hall stated, "My brethren, let us not be cast down under these and many other abuses we at present labour under: for the darkest is before the break of day... Let us remember what a dark day it was with our African brethren, six years ago, in the French West Indies. Nothing but the snap of the whip was heard, from morning to evening".Maurice Jackson, "Friends of the Negro! Fly with Me, The Path is Open to the Sea," Early American Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 58 – 59.

His 1788 petition to the Massachusetts legislature protested the abuse and kidnapping of fellow Black Boston residents and called out many atrocities faced by the community.{{Cite book |last=Hall |first=Prince |url=http://archive.org/details/sim_american-museum-or-universal-magazine_1788-05_3_5 |title=Petition of a number of blacks. |date=May 1788 |publisher=Mathew Carey, The American Museum or Repository of Ancient and Modern Fugitive Pieces & c |others=Internet Archive |pages=401–411 |language=English}}

Hall's notable written works include the 1792 Charge and 1797 Charge.{{ cite book| author=Gregory S. Kearse | title=Prince Hall's Charge of 1792: An Assertion of African Heritage, Vol. 20, 2012, Scottish Rite Research Society | location=Washington, D.C. | publisher=Heredom | pages=273–309 }} Hall's 1792 Charge focused on the abolition of slavery in his home state of Massachusetts. He addressed the importance of black leaders in shaping the country and creating unity. In his 1797 Charge, Hall wrote about the treatment and hostility that blacks received in the United States.{{cite book|author=Charles Harris Wesley|title=Prince Hall, life and legacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHcbAQAAMAAJ|access-date=25 April 2013|year=1983|publisher=United Supreme Council, Southern Jurisdiction, Prince Hall Affiliation|pages=55–61, 110–119}} He recognized black revolutionaries in the Haitian Revolution. Hall was one of several free blacks in Massachusetts who presented a petition to the legislature in 1788 protesting African-American seamen being sold into slavery.{{Cite web|url=http://www.masshist.org/database/670|title=MHS Collections Online: Petition of Prince Hall to the Massachusetts General Court, 27 February 1788|website=www.masshist.org|language=en|access-date=2019-07-24}}

In a speech he presented in June 1797, Hall said:

{{blockquote|Patience, I say; for were we not possessed of a great measure of it, we could not bear up under the daily insults we meet with in the streets of Boston, much more on public days of recreation. How, at such times, are we shamefully abused, and that to such a degree, that we may truly be said to carry our lives in our hands, and the arrows of death are flying about our heads. ...tis not for want of courage in you, for they know that they dare not face you man for man, but in a mob.}}

Hall was involved in the Back-to-Africa movement and approached the legislature to request funds for voluntary emigration to Africa. In January 1773, Hall and 73 other African-American delegates presented an emigration plea to the Massachusetts Senate.Arthur White, "Black Leadership Class and Education in Antebellum Boston", The Journal of Negro Education, Autumn 1973.{{cite book|author=James Sidbury|title=Becoming African in America: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZCRrc4bZBkC|access-date=25 April 2013|date=29 August 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-804322-5|pages=78, 119}} This plea, which included the contentions that African Americans are better suited to Africa's climate and lifestyle, failed. When a group of freed black men had begun a trip to Africa, they were captured and held, which reignited Hall's interest in the movement.

Hall joined the Congregational Church in 1762.{{cite book |last1=Walkes |first1=Joseph |title=Black Square & Compass |date=1981 |publisher=Macoy |location=Richmond, Virginia |page=5}} He married an enslaved woman named Sarah Ritchie or Ritchery who died in 1769.{{r|Gray p. 46}} Hall married Flora Gibbs of Gloucester, Massachusetts in 1770. David Gray states he was married for a second time to Sylvia (Zilpha) Ward Hall.{{r|Gray p. 46}} An article about Hall for Africans in America by PBS states that he married a woman named Delia, a servant outside William Hall's household, and had a son named Primus in 1756.{{efn|Primus was a Revolutionary War soldier, having enlisted at the age of 19.{{cite book|author=Faustine C. Jones-Wilson|title=Encyclopedia of African-American education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ni2qhq1n1d4C&pg=PA200|access-date=25 April 2013|year=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28931-6|pages=200}} Primus also established a school in his home for educating African American children and sought funding from the community, including African American sailors. Elisha Sylvester and two Harvard University students taught there. In 1800, the school was moved to the African Meeting House, a church built by Thomas Paul. Primus Hall continued fund-raising to support the African American school until 1835.}} However, in his research, Gray found no record of the marriage or son, suggesting Primus Hall was from a different family.{{r|Gray p. 46}}{{efn|Gray wrote, "There is no other evidence that 'our' Prince Hall was the father of Primus. Their paths crossed several times over the years, but no such claim was recorded before 1836. Primus made no claim on Prince Hall's estate, such as it was, in 1807/8, and there is no record of the alleged marriage to Delia... if Primus made a true statement in his pension claim, and 'his' Prince Hall was indeed 'our' Prince Hall, then the Masonic Prince Hall was a free man in 1756 and could not have been the slave who was manumitted by the William Hall family in 1770. Nor is there evidence of other children by any of the women registered as marrying a man named Prince Hall in the Boston area in the relevant period. It is likely that 'our' Prince Hall fathered no children, but devoted his considerable energy to the well-being of his community and his lodge, leaving as his legacy a lodge which sired a whole fraternity, Prince Hall Freemasonry."{{r|Gray p. 46}}}}

In Boston, Hall worked as a peddler, caterer, and leatherworker, owning a leather shop. In April 1777, he created five leather drumheads for an artillery regiment of Boston. Hall was a homeowner who voted and paid taxes.

Hall died on December 4, 1807, and is buried in Copp's Hill Burying Ground in Boston along with other notable Bostonians from the colonial era.{{cite book|author=Steve Gladstone|title=Freedom Trail Boston – Ultimate Tour & History Guide: Tips, Secrets, & Tricks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5yIDAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|date=March 8, 2014|publisher=StevesTravelGuide|page=53|id=GGKEY:8BK57CWLHRF}}{{r|Gray p. 46}} Thousands of other African Americans who lived in the "New Guinea" community at the base of Copp's Hill are buried alongside Snowhill Street in unmarked graves.{{r|Gladstone}}

His wife, Sylvia (Zilpha), was the executrix of his estate, which amounted to $47.22, and there was no realty.{{cite book |last1=Gray |first1=David |title=Inside Prince Hall |date=2003 |publisher=Anchor Communications |location=Lancaster, Virginia |page=46}}

A tribute monument to Hall was erected on Copp's Hill on June 24, 1835, next to his grave marker. The inscription reads: "Here lies ye body of Prince Hall, first Grand Master of the colored Grand Lodge in Mass. Died Dec. 7, 1807".{{cite book|author=Joseph A. Walkes|title=Black Square & Compass: 200 Years of Prince Hall Freemasonry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=guq3AAAAIAAJ|access-date=25 April 2013|date=1 June 1981|publisher=Macoy Pub & Masonic Supply Company|isbn=978-0-88053-061-3|page=7}}{{r|Gray p. 46}}{{Efn|According to Gray, newspaper accounts showed that Hall died on December 4 and was buried three days later, meaning the monument incorrectly lists the burial date.}}

The Prince Hall Monument, by Ted Clausen, was erected in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

File:Copp's Hill Burying Ground, Boston - Prince Hall monument.JPG|Prince Hall Monument in Copp's Hill Burying Ground

File:Copp's Hill Burying Ground, Boston - Prince Hall tombstone.JPG|Hall's tombstone in Copp's Hill Burying Ground

File:Cambridge, Massachusetts (2019) - 062.jpg|Prince Hall Monument in Cambridge

• African Lodge No. 459
• Prince Hall Freemasonry
• African American founding fathers of the United States

{{notelist}}

{{reflist|30em}}

• Allen, Danielle. "A Forgotten Black Founding Father: Why I've Made It My Mission to Teach Others about Prince Hall," Atlantic (March 2021), [https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/03/prince-hall-forgotten-founder/617791/ online].
• Draffen of Newington, George (May 13, 1976).  Prince Hall Freemasonry.  Scotland: The Phylaxis Society.  Reprinted at [http://www.thephylaxis.org/walkes/draffen.php Phylaxis Society: Prince Hall Freemasonry].
• {{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-VBKHwdFYAUC&pg=PT88 |title= Pioneers In Protest: Prince Hall |date=April 1964 |work=Ebony |publisher= Johnson Publishing Company |location=USA }}
• Edward, Bruce John (June 5, 1921).  [http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/bruceje/bruceje.html Prince Hall, the Pioneer of Negro Masonry.  Proofs of the Legitimacy of Prince Hall Masonry.]   New York.
• Freemasons. Proceedings of the One-Hundredth Anniversary of the Granting of Warrant 459 to African Lodge, at Boston ... Sept. 29, 1884, Under the Auspices of the M.W. Prince Hall Grand Lodge F. and A. Masons. Boston: Franklin Press, 1885.
• Gray, David L. (2004).  Inside Prince Hall (North American Edition) Lancaster VA: Anchor Communications LLC. {{ISBN|0-935633-32-4}}
• Haunch, T.O.  (Commentary on the illegitimacy of alleged Provincial Grand Master patent.)  [https://web.archive.org/web/20010210010744/http://www.freemasonry.org/phylaxis/reviews.htm Phylaxis Society: Reviews of Prince Hall Freemasonry] (retrieved December 29, 2004).
• Kearse, Gregory S., "The Bucks of America & Prince Hall Freemasonry" Prince Hall Masonic Digest Newspaper, (Washington, D.C. 2012), 8.
• Kearse, Gregory S., "Prince Hall's Charge of 1792: An Assertion of African Heritage." Washington, D.C., Heredom, Vol. 20, 2012, Scottish Rite Research Society. 273–309.
• Moniot, Joseph E.  Prince Hall Lodges History—Legitimacy—Quest for recognition.  Proceedings, Vol. VI, No. 5, Walter F. Meier Lodge of Research No. 281, Grand Lodge of Washington.
• Roundtree, Alton G., and Paul M. Bessel (2006).  Out of the Shadows: Prince Hall Freemasonry in America, 200 Years of Endurance.  Forestville MD: KLR Publishing. {{ISBN|0-9772385-0-4}}
• Walkes Jr., Joseph A (1979).  Black Square and Compass—200 years of Prince Hall Freemasonry, p. 8.  Richmond, Virginia: Macoy Publishing & Masonic Supply Co.
• Wesley, Dr. Charles H (1977).  Prince Hall: Life and Legacy.  Washington, DC: The United Supreme Council, Southern Jurisdiction, Prince Hall Affiliation, and the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum.  Reprinted in Prince Hall Masonic Directory, 4th Edition (1992).  Conference of Grand Masters, Prince Hall Masons.

{{Commons category|Prince Hall}}

• [http://balthazaar.masshist.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?Search_Arg=%22Prince+Hall%22&Search_Code=FT*&SL=None&PID=wzkr3Un09pUexFk7W_l3iY3WvjSG&SEQ=20130425174605&CNT=10&HIST=1&SEARCH_FROM_TITLES_PAGE=Y Massachusetts Historical Society Search for "Prince Hall" documents.]
• {{cite web |last=Allen |first=Danielle |title=A Forgotten Black Founding Father |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/03/prince-hall-forgotten-founder/617791/ |website=The Atlantic |date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2021-02-12 |ref=none}}

{{Boston African American community pre-Civil War|state=expanded}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hall, Prince}}

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