Prince Maximilian of Saxony (1870–1951)

{{Infobox royalty

| name = Prince Maximilian

| full name = {{langx|de|Maximilian Wilhelm August Albert Karl Gregor Odo}}
{{langx|en|Maximilian William Augustus Albert Charles Gregory Odo}}

| image = Prince Max of Saxony.jpg

| caption =

| house = Wettin

| father =George of Saxony

| mother =Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal

| birth_date ={{Birth date|1870|11|17|df=y}}

| birth_place = Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, North German Confederation

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1951|01|12|1870|11|17|df=y}}

| death_place = Fribourg, Canton of Fribourg, Switzerland

| religion = Catholicism

|}}

Prince Maximilian William Augustus Albert Charles Gregory Odo of Saxony, Duke of Saxony ({{langx|de|Maximilian Wilhelm August Albert Karl Gregor Odo}}; 17 November 1870 – 12 January 1951) was a member of the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin and a Catholic priest.

Early life

Maximilian Wilhelm August Albert Karl Gregor Odo of Saxony was born in Dresden, capital of the Kingdom of Saxony, the seventh of the eight children of Prince George of Saxony and his wife Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal. He was born with the titles Prince and Duke of Saxony, with the style Royal Highness. Amongst his siblings was the last Saxon king Frederick Augustus III and Princess Maria Josepha mother of the last Austrian Emperor Charles I.

Priesthood

On 26 July 1896, despite initial opposition from his family, Prince Maximilian decided to study for the priesthood and was subsequently ordained a Catholic priest.{{cite news | title = A Prince Ordained A Priest | work = New York Times | page = 1 | date = 1896-07-26 }}{{cite news | title = Knowledge Means Peace | work = New York Times | page = 4 | date = 1896-07-19 }} He renounced his claim to the throne of Saxony on entering the priesthood and also expressed a determination to refuse the apanage that he was entitled to from the Kingdom of Saxony.{{cite news | title = Prince as Priest in London | publisher = The West Australian | page = 9 | date = 1896-10-23 }}{{cite news | title = An Unruly German Press | work = New York Times | page = 17 | date = 1899-01-29 }}

Professor

In January 1899 Prince Maximilian graduated Doctor of Theology from the University of Würzburg. After working as a pastor at a church in Nuremberg, on 21 August 1900 Prince Maximilian accepted the post of Professor of Canon Law at the University of Fribourg.{{cite news | title = Object to Prince-Evangelist | work = New York Times | page = 5 | date = 1900-11-13 }}{{cite news | title = Saxon Prince a Professor | work = New York Times | page = 6 | date = 1900-08-22 }}

In late 1910 Prince Maximilian caused controversy by publishing an article in an ecclesiastical periodical on the union of the Eastern and Roman churches. Prince Maximilian argued that the six dogmas should be waived in order to facilitate the return of the Eastern to the Catholic Church.{{cite news | title = Pope To Eastern Churches | work = New York Times | page = 8 | date = 1911-01-03 }} Consequently, upon the article he went to see Pope Pius X to explain, and as a result of the meeting agreed to retract the article and signed a declaration acknowledging errors in it. It was announced that he had renewed his full and unconditional adhesion to the doctrines of the Catholic Church.{{cite news | title = Prince Submits to the Pope | work = New York Times | page = 5 | date = 1910-12-28 }}{{cite news | title = Prince Maximilian Recants | work = New York Times | page = 5 | date = 1910-12-31 }}

War

During the First World War Prince Maximilian served as an Army chaplain and in this capacity he attended to wounded soldiers, gave unction to the dying and said mass while under shell fire. He was liked by the French prisoners of war as he also dedicated himself to their welfare. He also used the international bureau in Geneva to send word to the families of the French prisoners.{{cite news | title = Peace of the World | work = New York Times | page = SM3 | date = 1915-02-28 }}

Following the German Empire's defeat in the war his brother King Frederick Augustus III was forced to abdicate as the monarchy was abolished.

Death

Prince Maximilian died in Fribourg, Switzerland, as the last surviving grandchild of Queen Maria II and King Fernando II of Portugal, and last great-grandchild of Pedro IV of Portugal & I of Brazil.

Honours

{{flag|Kingdom of Saxony}}: Knight of the Order of the Rue CrownJustus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha (1923) [https://archive.org/details/almanachdegotha00unse_94/page/108/mode/2up p. 109]
{{flag|Kingdom of Prussia}}: Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle
{{flag|Baden}}: Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1908Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1910), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. [https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1881289 41]
{{flag|Kingdom of Bavaria}}: Knight of the Order of St. Hubert, 1898Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern (1908), "Königliche Orden" p. [https://archive.org/details/hofundstaatshan00landgoog/page/n39/mode/2up 9]
{{flag|Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}}: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Falcon, 1890Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" [https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00185861/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_16_0245.tif p. 16]
{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen, 1891[http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm "A Szent István Rend tagjai"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|date=22 December 2010}}