Princess Gyeonghwa
{{Short description|Yuan Korean queen consort (fl. 14th century)}}
{{Other uses|Gyeonghwa (disambiguation){{!}}Gyeonghwa}}
{{primary sources|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Princess Gyeonghwa
경화공주
慶華公主
| succession = Queen consort of Goryeo
| reign = 1333–1339
| reign-type = Tenure
| coronation =1333
| predecessor =Princess Joguk
| successor=Princess Deoknyeong
| regent=King Chungsuk
| reg-type=Monarch
| succession1 = Royal consort of Goryeo
| reign1 = ?–1344
| reign-type1= Tenure
| predecessor1=Royal Consort Im
| regent1=King Chunghye
| reg-type1=Monarch
| father = Amuga (disputed)
| spouse = {{Marriage|Chungsuk of Goryeo||1339}}
{{Marriage|Chunghye of Goryeo||1344}}
| birth_name =Bayankhutag
| birth_place = Yuan dynasty
| death_date = 24 July 1344
| death_place = Goryeo
| burial_date=1344
| burial_place=Unknown
| full name=
- Yuan name: Bayankhutag ({{zh|s=伯顔忽都|p=Bóyánhūdōu}})
- Sino-Korean name: Baekanholdo
({{Korean|hangul=백안홀도|rr=Baekanholdo}})
| posthumous name =
- Princess Sukgong Hwiryeong (숙공휘령공주, 粛恭徽寧公主; given by Yuan dynasty in 1367)
- Princess Baek'anholdo (백안홀도공주, 伯顔忽都公主)
| house =House of Wang (by marriage)
}}
{{Infobox Korean name
|hangul=경화공주
|hanja=慶華公主
|rr=Gyeonghwa Gongju
|mr=Kyŏnghwa Kongju
|hangulborn=바얀후트 or 백안홀도
|hanjaborn=伯顔忽都
|rrborn=Bayanhuteu or Baeganholdo
|mrborn=Payanhut'ŭ or Paeganholto
}}
Bayankhutag ({{langx|mn|Баян хутаг}}; {{langx|xng|ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠺᠣᠲᠣᠭ}}; {{Korean|백안홀도|伯顔忽都}}), more commonly known by her Korean royal title as Princess Gyeonghwa ({{Korean|경화공주|慶華公主}}; d. 24 July 1344) was a Yuan dynasty woman who became a Korean royal consort as the third wife of King Chungsuk of Goryeo. After his death, she was raped by her stepson, thus she forced to marry him.Goryeosa, volume 89.
Biography
=Background=
Mysteries surround Bayankhutag's lineage, but since the "Baekan clan" ({{Korean|hangul=백안|hanja=伯顔|labels=no}}) were nobles at that time, it was believed that she was born into the noble family. Masahiko Morihira has suggested that she was the sister or half-sister of Princess Joguk, King Chungsuk's wife.{{sfnp|Morihira|2008|p=14}} After her sister's death in 1325, Bayankhutag married her sister's husband, probably between 1330 and 1333 when the King stayed in Yuan dynasty and not long after that they two went back to Goryeo.{{sfnp|Morihira|2008|p=15}}
=Assault=
King Chungsuk died in 1339, after which Bayankhutag stayed in Goryeo. The Goryeosa records that, during a meal in her apartments one night, her stepson, Chunghye of Goryeo, got drunk and raped her.Goryeosa, volume 36. The next day, Bayankhutag attempted to flee to the Yuan ambassador for help to leave Goryeo, but Chunghye issued a ban on horses in the city, so she could not leave. He then had her imprisoned in Yeongnak Palace ({{Korean|hangul=영락궁|hanja=永樂宮|labels=no}}), told the court that she was ill, and posted guards around her apartments.Goryeosa, volume 131. The Yuan emissary eventually visited the palace and insisted that Bayankhutag be released and Chunghye take her as a consort.Goryeosa, volume 89.
As consort, Bayankhutag is recorded to have offered advice in choosing officials in the Yuan Goryeo government.Goryeosa, volume 36. She died in 1344.Goryeosa, volume 37. In 1367, she received her posthumous name from the Yuan dynasty.{{sfnp|Morihira|2008|p=14}}
=Later life and death=
King Chunghye died in 1344 while on the road to exile and Bayankhutag then died not long after that. Her funeral was held on 18th days 9th months (Lunar calendar) in the same year and gave her new title as Princess Gyeonghwa ({{Korean|hangul=경화공주|hanja=慶華公主|labels=no}}). Later, in 1367, the Yuan dynasty bestowed royal title Princess Sukgong Hwiryeong ({{Korean|hangul=숙공휘령공주|hanja=肅恭徽寧公主|labels=no}}) as her posthumous name.
In popular culture
- Portrayed by Ryu Hyun-kyung in the 2013–2014 MBC TV series Empress Ki.
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
=Works cited=
- {{cite book
|author=Chŏng Inji |author-link=Chŏng Inji
|script-title=zh:高麗史 |trans-title=History of Goryeo |language=zh-hant|date=1451
|url=https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=470509
}}
- {{cite book |author=Morihira |first=Masahiko |script-title= |trans-title=Memoranda on marriage links between the Goryeo royal clan and Mongolian imperial family |language=ja |publisher=Kyoto University Press |url=http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/152117/1/JOR_67_3_363.pdf |title=高麗王家とモンゴル皇族の通婚関係に閲する覚書 |year=2008}}
External links
- [http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Index?contents_id=E0003020 경화공주] on the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture {{in lang|ko}}.
- [https://www.doopedia.co.kr/mo/doopedia/master/master.do?_method=view2&MAS_IDX=101013000749193 경화공주] on Doosan Encyclopedia {{in lang|ko}}.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gyeonghwa, Princess}}
Category:Year of birth unknown
Category:Mongol consorts of Goryeo
Category:14th-century Mongol women