Principality of Najran

{{Short description|Historical state in the Arabian Peninsula from 1633 to 1934}}

{{Infobox former country

|native_name =

|conventional_long_name = Principality of Najran

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|empire = [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Najran&veaction=editsource Edit]

|government_type = Principality

|event_start =

|date_start =

|year_start = 1633

|event_end =

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|year_end = 1934

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|p1 = Yemeni Zaidi State

|flag_p1 =

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|p2 =

|flag_p2 =

|p3 =

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|s1 = Saudi Arabia

|flag_s1 = Flag of Saudi Arabia (1932–1934).svg

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|image_flag = Flag of the Principality of Najran.png

|image_map = 250px

|image_map_alt =

|image_map_caption = Najran (lime, down south) in Arabia in 1918.

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|capital = Najran

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|common_languages = Arabic

|religion = Ismaili Shia Islam

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|leader1 = Muhammad ibn Isma'il Al Makrami

|leader2 =

|leader3 =

|leader4 = Ali bin Muhsin Al Shibami{{cite book |title='Who's Who in Aden and Western Arabia' |date=1916 |publisher=British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers |page=41 |url=https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100000000884.0x0003b6 |access-date=23 November 2023 |ref=IOR/L/PS/20/57}}

|year_leader1 = 1677–1717

|year_leader2 =

|year_leader3 =

|year_leader4 = 1912–1934

|title_leader = Da'i

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|today = Saudi Arabia

|area_km2=|area_rank=|GDP_PPP=|GDP_PPP_year=|HDI=|HDI_year=}}The Principality of Najran was a state that existed in the Arabian peninsula from 1633 to 1934. It originated as an Islamic ecclesiastic principality under Yemeni suzerainty in 1633, although it later came under Ottoman influence.{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Saudi_Arabia_states.html#Nadjran|title=Other Arabian Polities|website=www.worldstatesmen.org|access-date=2019-12-11}} Najran opposed a Yemeni rebellion against the Ottomans in the 1880s.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=POsfZt8Kup4C|title=The Sultan's Yemen: 19th-Century Challenges to Ottoman Rule|last=Farah|first=Caesar E.|date=2002-04-26|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-86064-767-3|pages=110|language=en}} In the Saudi-Idrisi treaty of 1920, the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa officially laid claim to the territories of Najran, and in 1921 the Ikhwan militia invaded Najran.{{Cite web|url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/15941/1/Al-Maghafi_3478_vol1.pdf|title=MORE THAN JUST A BOUNDARY DISPUTE: THE REGIONAL GEOPOLITICS OF SAUDI-YEMENI RELATIONS|last=Al-Maghafi|first=Fadhl|date=2012|website=eprints.soas.ac.uk|page=110}} The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen also had ambitions in Najran, and thus attempted its own conquest in 1924.{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Saudi_Arabia_states.html#Nadjran|title=Other Arabian Polities|website=www.worldstatesmen.org|access-date=2019-12-11}} In the winter of 1931/1932, Yemeni forces once again attempted to take Najran, but were expelled by the Saudis in 1932.{{Cite web|url=http://dmgibler.people.ua.edu/uploads/1/3/8/5/13858910/could-not-find-report.pdf|title=Report on MIDs that could not be found|last1=Gibler|first1=Dougla|last2=Miller|first2=Steven|date=2017|website=dmgibler.people.ua.edu|access-date=6 September 2019|last3=Little|first3=Erin}} In November 1933, Yemeni forces occupied Najran.{{Cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48449371|title=WAR TALK IN ARABIA - Britain Watching Developments CAIRO, November 15. - Barrier Miner (Broken Hill, NSW : 1888 - 1954) - 16 Nov 1933|website=Trove|language=en|access-date=2019-12-11}} In 1934, following the Saudi-Yemeni War, Najran's independence definitively ended when Yemen renounced its claims to Najran and the principality was annexed into Saudi Arabia.