Prison cell

The International Committee of the Red Cross recommends that cells be at least {{cvt|5.4|sqm}} in size for a single cell accommodation (one person in the cell). However, in shared or dormitory accommodations, it recommends a minimum of {{cvt|3.4|sqm}} per person, including in cells where bunk beds are used.[https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/publications/icrc-002-4083.pdf "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Habitat in Prisons – Supplementary Guidance"], April 2012, International Committee of the Red Cross, retrieved December 31, 2020

File:Muzeum Więzienia Pawiak 001.JPG, Warsaw]]

Prison cells vary in size internationally from {{cvt|2|m2}} in Guinea, {{cvt|3|m2}} in Poland, {{cvt|9|m2}} in Germany{{Cite web|url=http://www.ra-wurster.de/strafrecht/strafvollzug/haftraum-groesse-und-unterbringung/|title=Haftraum – Größe und Unterbringung}} to {{cvt|10|m2}} in Norway and {{cvt|12|m2}} in Switzerland.{{cite book |author=Theo Deutinger |url= |title=Handbook of Tyranny |date=October 2017 |publisher=Lars Muller Publishers |isbn=978-3-03778-534-8 |page=105}}

Council of Europe (Strasbourg, 15 December 2015) call for a minimum standard for personal living space in prison establishments is 6 m² of living space for a single-occupancy cell or {{cvt|4|m2}} of living space per prisoner in a multiple-occupancy cell for the prevention of torture and inhuman treatment.

A March 1991 federal government study of U.S. prisons reported that:

"Until recently, the Federal Bureau of Prisons based its determination of rated capacity in existing facilities on a single-bunking standard, which currently calls for providing each inmate with at least 35 square feet of unencumbered space in a single cell. This essentially translates to a cell size of roughly {{cvt|65|sqft}}.*

:: *({{cvt|65|sqft}}, minus {{cvt|35|sqft}} of "unencumbered space" leaves {{cvt|30|sqft}} of "encumbered" space, which would likely contain bed, toilet and sink - for a single inmate in a single cell)

"In practice, however, BOP has accommodated inmate population increases by double-bunking inmates in virtually all its facilities and in cells... of varying sizes, but generally in the 50 to 70 square foot range."[https://www.gao.gov/assets/220/214025.pdf Report to Congressional Requesters: "FEDERAL PRISONS: Revised Design Standards Could Save Expansion Funds,"] March 1991, GAO/GGD-91-54, General Accounting Office, retrieved December 31, 2020

In the United States old prison cells are usually about {{convert|6 by 8|feet}} in dimension which is {{cvt|48|sqft}}{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}, (moreover, however, American Correctional Association standards call for a minimum of {{cvt|70|sqft}}, with steel or brick walls and one solid or barred door that locks from the outside.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} Many modern prison cells are pre-cast.{{cite web|title=5-Sided Precast Prison Cell|url=http://www.oldcastleprecast.com/plants/modular/products/buildingsystems/correctional/Pages/5SidedCell.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530142002/http://www.oldcastleprecast.com/plants/modular/products/buildingsystems/correctional/Pages/5SidedCell.aspx|archive-date=May 30, 2009|access-date=1 January 2016|website=OldcastlePrecast.com}} Solid doors typically have a window that allows the prisoner to be observed from the outside.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

Furnishings and fixtures inside the cell are constructed so that they cannot be easily broken, and are anchored to the walls or floor. Stainless steel lavatories and commodes are also used. This prevents vandalism or the making of weapons.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

There are a number of prison and prison cell configurations, from simple police-station holding cells to massive cell blocks in larger correctional facilities. The practice of assigning only one inmate to each cell in a prison is called single-celling{{Cite book|author=Michael Sherman|author2=Gordon J. Hawkins |title=Imprisonment in America: Choosing the Future|publisher=University of Chicago Press|date=1983|pages=32–33|isbn=0-226-75280-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xff18mD7Z94C&q=%22single+celling%22}} or "single-bunking" (as in "bunk bed"). The practice of putting two persons to a cell is referred to as "double-bunking."

In many countries, the cells are dirty and have very few facilities. Other countries may house many offenders in prisons, making the cells crowded.[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-02/austrlaian-prison-overcrowding-female-populations-growing/5567610 ABC.net.au][http://www.smh.com.au/world/australian-man-scott-richards-arrested-in-dubai-after-promoting-refugee-charity-20160816-gqtt04.html Smh.com.au]

File:West Midlands Police - Birmingham Central Custody.jpg

In the United Kingdom, cells in a police station are the responsibility of the custody sergeant, who also logs each detainee and allocates him or her an available cell. Custody sergeants also ensure cells are clean and as germ-free as possible, in accordance with the Human Rights Act of 1998.{{cite web|title=Human Rights Acts of 1998|url=http://www.justice.org.uk/images/pdfs/HRAINT.PDF|website=justice.org.uk|access-date=1 January 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020312081934/http://www.justice.org.uk/images/pdfs/HRAINT.PDF|archive-date=12 March 2002}}

File:ADX.CELL.DESIGN.svg]]

In the United States, the standard cell is equipped with either a ledge or a steel bedstead that holds a mattress. A one-piece sink/toilet constructed of welded, putatively stainless steel is also provided. Bars typify older jails, while newer ones have doors that typically feature a small safety glass window and, often, a metal flap that can be opened to serve meals.

A limited number of United States prisons offer upgrades. Costing around $100 a night, these cells are considered cleaner and quieter, and some of them offer extra facilities and\or privileges.{{cite web |url=http://digitaljournal.com/article/173864/Upgrade_Your_Jail_Cell_For_80_Bucks_A_Day_ |title=Upgrade Your Jail Cell For 80 Bucks A Day? |publisher=Digitaljournal.com |date=2007-04-29 |access-date=2012-10-26 |archive-date=2013-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326172627/http://digitaljournal.com/article/173864/Upgrade_Your_Jail_Cell_For_80_Bucks_A_Day_ |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/04/what-isnt-for-sale/308902/ |title=What Isn't for Sale? - Michael J. Sandel |publisher=The Atlantic |date=2012-02-27 |access-date=2012-10-26}}{{cite web|title=Legal articles, cases and court decisions|url=https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/(S(myhtoimek3qnv445vssf5xb0))/displayArticle.aspx?articleid=22532&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194132/https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/(S(myhtoimek3qnv445vssf5xb0))/displayArticle.aspx?articleid=22532&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1|archive-date=October 29, 2013|access-date=2012-10-26|publisher=Prison Legal News}}

{{See also|Prison#Control units|Solitary confinement}}

Often, different standards for cells exist in a single country and even in a single jail. Some of those cells are reserved for "isolation", where a convict is kept alone in a cell as punishment method. Some isolation cells contain no furnishing and no services at all.{{Cite book|title=La cella liscia. Storie di ordinaria repressione nelle carceri Italiane|last=Giunti|first=Arianna|publisher=Inform-ant|year=2014|isbn=9788898194193|location=Italy|language=it}}

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{{Commons category|Prison cells}}

{{Wiktionary|prison cell}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194132/https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/(S(myhtoimek3qnv445vssf5xb0))/displayArticle.aspx?articleid=22532&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 Celebrity Justice: Prison Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous], Matt Clarke (Article on pay-to-stay prison facilities) 91111 Now

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