Product analysis

Related techniques include product breakdown, systems analysis, systems engineering, value engineering, value analysis and functional analysis.{{Cite web|url=http://lmit.edu.au/blog/diploma-project-management-define-product-analysis/|title=Diploma in Project Management - How to Define a Product Analysis|website=lmit.edu.au|language=en-AU|access-date=2017-05-08}}

• Product breakdown: Recursively divide the product into components and subcomponents.
• Systems engineering: Ensure that the product satisfies customer needs, cost requirements, and quality demands.
• Value engineering: Consider alternative designs and construction techniques to reduce cost/increase profit.
• Value analysis: Assess the cost/quality ratio to ensure that the product is cost effective.
• Function analysis: Ensure that the product has features appropriate to customer requirements.

{{See also|Strategic intelligence|Situational awareness|Innovation management|Category:Technological comparisons}}

Technological analysis is sometimes applied in decision-making often related to investments, policy-decisions{{cite book |title=Future-Oriented Technology Analysis |date=2008 |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-68811-2 |isbn=978-3-540-68809-9 |language=en-gb|editor-last1=Cagnin |editor-last2=Keenan |editor-last3=Johnston |editor-last4=Scapolo |editor-last5=Barré |editor-first1=Cristiano |editor-first2=Michael |editor-first3=Ron |editor-first4=Fabiana |editor-first5=Rémi }} and public spending. They can be done by a variety of organization-types such as for-profit companies,{{cite news |title=Gigafactories: Europe tools up against US and Asia as a car battery force |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57382472 |access-date=27 October 2021 |work=BBC News |date=14 June 2021}} non-profit think tanks, research institutes, public platforms and government agencies{{cite journal |last1=Weinberger |first1=Nora |last2=Decker |first2=Michael |last3=Fleischer |first3=Torsten |last4=Schippl |first4=Jens |title=A new monitoring process of future topics for innovation and technological analysis: informing Germanys' innovation policy |journal=European Journal of Futures Research |date=December 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1007/s40309-013-0023-4 |s2cid=11912338 |language=en |issn=2195-2248|doi-access=free }} and evaluate established, emerging and potential future technologies on a variety of measures and metrics – all of which are related to ideals and goals such as minimal global greenhouse gas emissions – such as life-cycle-sustainability, openness, performance, control,{{cite journal |last1=Jakubaszek |first1=Anita |last2=Stadnik |first2=Artur |title=Technical and Technological Analysis of Individual Wastewater Treatment Systems |journal=Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports |date=1 March 2018 |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=87–99 |doi=10.2478/ceer-2018-0008|bibcode=2018CEER...28a..87J |s2cid=54578649 |doi-access=free }} financial costs, resource costs, health impacts and more. Results are sometimes published as public reports or as scientific peer-reviewed studies.{{additional citation needed|date=October 2021}} Based on such reports standardization can enable interventions or efforts which balance competition and cooperation{{cite journal |last1=Van Wegberg |first1=Marc |title=Standardization Process of Systems Technologies: Creating a Balance between Competition and Cooperation |journal=Technology Analysis & Strategic Management |date=1 December 2004 |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=457–478 |doi=10.1080/0953732042000295784 |s2cid=219645198 |issn=0953-7325|url=https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/3e34ae73-288e-462f-bd35-cac4667f7b19 }} and improve sustainability, reduce waste and redundancy,{{cite web |title=One common charging solution for all |url=https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/electrical-engineering/red-directive/common-charger_en |website=Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs - European Commission |access-date=19 October 2021 |language=en |date=5 July 2016}} or accelerate innovation. They can also be used for the creation of standardized system designs that integrate a variety of technologies as their components.{{cite book |last1=Zhou |first1=Hong |last2=Liu |first2=BingWu |last3=Dong |first3=PingPing |title=Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture V |chapter=The Technology System Framework of the Internet of Things and Its Application Research in Agriculture |series=IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology |date=2012 |volume=368 |pages=293–300 |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-27281-3_35 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-27280-6 |language=en|doi-access=free }} Other applications include risk assessment and research of defense applications.{{cite journal |last1=Affan Ahmed |first1=Syed |last2=Mohsin |first2=Mujahid |last3=Zubair Ali |first3=Syed Muhammad |title=Survey and technological analysis of laser and its defense applications |journal=Defence Technology |date=1 April 2021 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=583–592 |doi=10.1016/j.dt.2020.02.012 |s2cid=213597813 |language=en |issn=2214-9147|doi-access=free }} They can also be used or created for determining the hypothetical or existing optimal solution/s and to identify challenges, innovation directions and applications.{{cite journal |last1=Monika |first1=R. |last2=Samiappan |first2=Dhanalakshmi |last3=Kumar |first3=R. |title=Adaptive block compressed sensing - a technological analysis and survey on challenges, innovation directions and applications |journal=Multimedia Tools and Applications |date=1 January 2021 |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=4751–4768 |doi=10.1007/s11042-020-09932-0 |s2cid=224993325 |language=en |issn=1573-7721}} Technological analysis can encompass or overlap with analysis of infrastructures and non-technological products.

Standard-setting organizations can "spearhead convergence around standards".{{cite book |last1=Narayanan |first1=Vadake |last2=Baburaj |first2=Yamuna |title=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management |chapter=Technology Standardization in Innovation Management |date=31 August 2021 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.013.340 |isbn=978-0-19-022485-1 |language=en}} A study found that, in many cases, greater variety of standards can lead to higher innovativeness only in administration.{{cite journal |last1=Zhou |first1=Xin |last2=Shan |first2=Miyuan |last3=Li |first3=Jian |title=R&D strategy and innovation performance: the role of standardization |journal=Technology Analysis & Strategic Management |date=3 July 2018 |volume=30 |issue=7 |pages=778–792 |doi=10.1080/09537325.2017.1378319 |s2cid=205638231 |issn=0953-7325}} Tools of technology analysis include analytical frameworks that describe the individual technological artefacts, chart technological limits, and determine the socio-technical preference profile.{{cite journal |last1=Wyk |first1=Rias J. Van |title=Technology analysis and R&D management |journal=R&D Management |date=1990 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=257–261 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00715.x |language=en |issn=1467-9310}} Governments can coordinate or resolve conflicting interests in standardisation.{{cite journal |last1=Kwak |first1=Jooyoung |last2=Lee |first2=Heejin |last3=Fomin |first3=Vladislav V. |title=Government coordination of conflicting interests in standardisation: case studies of indigenous ICT standards in China and South Korea |journal=Technology Analysis & Strategic Management |date=1 August 2011 |volume=23 |issue=7 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1080/09537325.2011.592285 |s2cid=42482650 |issn=0953-7325}}

Moreover, potentials-assessment studies, including potential analyses, can investigate potentials, trade-offs, requirements and complications of existing, hypothetical and novel variants of technologies and inform the development of design-criteria and -parameters and deployment-strategies.{{cite news |last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Model suggests a billion people could get safe drinking water from hypothetical harvesting device |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2021-10-billion-people-safe-hypothetical-harvesting.html |access-date=15 November 2021 |work=Tech Xplore |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Surinaidu |first1=L. |last2=Rahman |first2=Abdur |last3=Ahmed |first3=Shakeel |title=Distributed groundwater recharge potentials assessment based on GIS model and its dynamics in the crystalline rocks of South India |journal=Scientific Reports |date=3 June 2021 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=11772 |pmid=34083557| doi=10.1038/s41598-021-90898-w |pmc=8175507 |bibcode=2021NatSR..1111772F |language=en |issn=2045-2322}}{{cite book |last1=Brahmi |first1=Nabiha |last2=Chaabene |first2=Maher |title=IREC2015 the Sixth International Renewable Energy Congress |chapter=Sizing optimization tool for wind/Photovoltaic/Battery plant considering potentials assessment and load profile |date=March 2015 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1109/IREC.2015.7110962|isbn=978-1-4799-7947-9 |s2cid=37130046 }}{{cite journal |last1=Ermolenko |first1=Boris V. |last2=Ermolenko |first2=Georgy V. |last3=Fetisova |first3=Yulia A. |last4=Proskuryakova |first4=Liliana N. |title=Wind and solar PV technical potentials: Measurement methodology and assessments for Russia |journal=Energy |date=15 October 2017 |volume=137 |pages=1001–1012 |doi=10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.050 |language=en |issn=0360-5442}}

• Product information
• Quality function deployment
• Requirements analysis
• Value engineering

{{Reflist}}

Category:Systems engineering

Category:Product management

Category:Analysis