Progress 12
{{Short description|Soviet unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Progress 12
| image = Progress drawing.svg
| image_caption = A Progress 7K-TG spacecraft
| mission_type = Salyut 6 resupply
| COSPAR_ID = 1981-007A
| SATCAT = 12152{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launchlog|work=Jonathan's Space Report|access-date=5 December 2020}}
| spacecraft = Progress (No.113)
| spacecraft_type = Progress 7K-TG{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/progress.htm|title=Progress 1 - 42 (11F615A15, 7K-TG)|work=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=5 December 2020}}
| manufacturer = NPO Energia
| launch_date = 24 January 1981, 14:18:02 UTC
| launch_rocket = Soyuz-U
| launch_site = Baikonur, Site 1/5
| docking =
{{Infobox spaceflight/Dock
| docking_target = Salyut 6
| docking_type = dock
| docking_date = 26 January 1981, 15:56 UTC
| undocking_date = 19 March 1981, 18:14 UTC
}}
| disposal_type = Deorbited
| decay_date = 20 March 1981, 16:59 UTC
| orbit_epoch = 24 January 1981
| orbit_reference = Geocentric
| orbit_regime = Low Earth
| apsis = gee
| programme = Progress (spacecraft)
| previous_mission = Progress 11
| next_mission = Progress 13
}}
Progress 12 ({{Langx|ru|Прогресс 12|italic=yes}}) was a Soviet unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft, which was launched in January 1981 to resupply the Salyut 6 space station.
Spacecraft
Progress 12 was a Progress 7K-TG spacecraft. The twelfth of forty three to be launched, it had the serial number 113.{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/progress.htm |title=Progress 1 - 42 (11F615A15, 7K-TG)|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|work=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=26 November 2010}}{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt |title=Launch Log|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|work=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=26 November 2010}} The Progress 7K-TG spacecraft was the first generation Progress, derived from the Soyuz 7K-T and intended for uncrewed logistics missions to space stations in support of the Salyut programme. On some missions the spacecraft was also used to adjust the orbit of the space station.
The Progress spacecraft had a dry mass of {{convert|6520|kg}}, which increased to around {{convert|7020|kg}} when fully fuelled. It measured {{convert|7.48|m}} in length, and {{convert|2.72|m}} in diameter. Each spacecraft could accommodate up to {{convert|2500|kg}} of payload, consisting of dry cargo and propellant. The spacecraft was powered by chemical batteries, and could operate in free flight for up to three days, remaining docked to the station for up to thirty.{{cite book|last1=Hall|first1=Rex D.|last2=Shayler|first2=David J.|title=Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft|year=2003 |publisher=Springer-Praxis|isbn=1-85233-657-9|pages=239–250}}
Launch
Progress 12 launched on 24 January 1981 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in the Kazakh SSR. It used a Soyuz-U rocket.{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1981-007A|title=Progress 12|work=NASA|access-date=5 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}
Docking
Progress 12 docked with the aft port of Salyut 6 on 26 January 1981 at 15:56 UTC, and was undocked on 19 March 1981 at 18:14 UTC.{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/s/salyut6.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210174048/http://www.astronautix.com/s/salyut6.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 December 2016|title=Salyut 6|work=Astronautix|access-date=5 December 2020}}
Decay
See also
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Progress spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 1981}}
Category:Progress (spacecraft) missions
Category:1980 in the Soviet Union
Category:Spacecraft launched in 1981
Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 1981
Category:Spacecraft launched by Soyuz-U rockets
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