Progress 2
{{Short description|Soviet cargo spacecraft}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Progress 2
| image = Progress drawing.svg
| image_caption =
| mission_type = Salyut 6 resupply
| operator = OKB-1
| COSPAR_ID = 1978-070A
| SATCAT = 10979
| mission_duration = {{time interval|7 July 1978 11:26|4 August 1978 02:15|show=dhm}}
| spacecraft = Progress s/n 101
| spacecraft_type = Progress 7K-TG
| manufacturer = NPO Energia
| dry_mass = 6520 kg
| launch_mass = 7020 kg
| payload_mass = 2500 kg
| dimensions = 7.48 m in length and
2.72 m in diameter
| launch_date = 7 July 1978, 11:26:16 UTC
| launch_rocket = Soyuz-U s/n S15000-128
| launch_site = Baikonur, Site 31/6
| launch_contractor = OKB-1
| disposal_type = Deorbited
| decay_date = 4 August 1978, 02:15 UTC
| orbit_epoch = 7 July 1978
| orbit_reference = Geocentric
| orbit_regime = Low Earth
| orbit_periapsis = 193 km
| orbit_apoapsis = 262 km
| orbit_inclination = 51.66°
| orbit_period = 88.7 minutes
| apsis = gee
| docking =
{{Infobox spaceflight/Dock
| docking_target = Salyut 6
| docking_type = dock
| docking_port = Aft
| docking_date = 9 July 1978, 12:58:59 UTC
| undocking_date = 2 August 1978, 04:57:44 UTC
| time_docked = {{time interval|9 July 1978 12:59|2 August 1978 04:58|show=dhm}}
}}
| cargo_mass = 2500 kg
| cargo_mass_press =
| cargo_mass_fuel = 600 kg
| cargo_mass_gas =
| cargo_mass_water =
| programme = Progress (spacecraft)
| previous_mission = Progress 1
| next_mission = Progress 3
}}
Progress 2 ({{Langx|ru|Прогресс 2|italic=yes}}) was an unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union in 1978 to resupply the Salyut 6 space station. It used the Progress 7K-TG configuration, and was the second Progress mission to Salyut 6. It carried supplies for the EO-2 crew aboard Salyut 6, as well as equipment for conducting scientific research, and fuel for adjusting the station's orbit and performing manoeuvres.
Spacecraft
{{main|Progress 7K-TG}}
Progress 2 was a Progress 7K-TG spacecraft. The second of forty three to be launched, it had the serial number 101.{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/progress.htm |title=Progress 1 - 42 (11F615A15, 7K-TG)|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|work=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=26 November 2010}}{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt |title=Launch Log|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|work=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=26 November 2010}} The Progress 7K-TG spacecraft was the first generation Progress, derived from the Soyuz 7K-T and intended for unmanned logistics missions to space stations in support of the Salyut programme. On some missions the spacecraft were also used to adjust the orbit of the space station.
The Progress spacecraft had a dry mass of {{convert|6520|kg}}, which increased to around {{convert|7020|kg}} when fully fuelled. It measured {{convert|7.48|m}} in length, and {{convert|2.72|m}} in diameter. Each spacecraft could accommodate up to {{convert|2500|kg}} of payload, consisting of dry cargo and propellant. The spacecraft were powered by chemical batteries, and could operate in free flight for up to three days, remaining docked to the station for up to thirty.{{cite book|last1=Hall|first1=Rex D.|last2=Shayler|first2=David J.|title=Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft|year=2003 |publisher=Springer-Praxis|isbn=1-85233-657-9|pages=239–250}}
Launch and docking
Progress 2 was launched at 11:26:16 UTC on 7 July 1978, atop a Soyuz-U 11A511U carrier rocket flying from Site 31/6 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. The rocket that launched it had the serial number S15000-128.{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/lvdb/list2.html|title=Launch List|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|work=Launch Vehicle Database|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|access-date=26 November 2010}} Following launch, Progress 2 was given the COSPAR designation 1978-070A, whilst NORAD assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 10979.
Following launch, Progress 2 began two days of free flight. It subsequently docked with the aft port of the Salyut 6 space station at 12:58:59 UTC on 9 July.{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/progress.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011226110751/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/progress.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 December 2001|title=Progress|last=Wade|first=Mark|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=26 November 2010}}{{cite web |url=http://space.kursknet.ru/cosmos/english/cargoes/pr2.sht|first=Alexander|last=Anikeev|work=Manned Astronautics - Figures & Facts|title=Cargo spacecraft "Progress-2"|access-date=26 November 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070910184230/http://space.kursknet.ru/cosmos/english/cargoes/pr2.sht|archive-date=10 September 2007}} At the time of its docking, Soyuz 29 was docked to the forward port of the station. Soyuz 29 remained docked throughout the time Progress 2 was docked.{{cite web|url=http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/RP1357.pdf |title=Mir Hardware Heritage|author=D.S.F.Portree|publisher=NASA|year=1995|access-date=26 November 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907191412/http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/RP1357.pdf|archive-date=7 September 2009}} {{PD-notice}}
Mission
Progress 2 was the second of twelve Progress spacecraft used to supply the Salyut 6 space station between 1978 and 1981.{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-070A|title=Progress 2|publisher=US National Space Science Data Center|work=NSSDC Master Catalog|access-date=26 November 2010}} {{PD-notice}} It delivered cargo to the station, including Kristall a kiln used for experiments aboard the outpost. Progress 2 also transferred {{convert|600|kg}} of propellant into Salyut 6's tanks.{{cite book|last1=Hall|first1=Rex D.|last2=Shayler|first2=David J.|title=Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft|year=2003|publisher=Springer-Praxis|isbn=1-85233-657-9|pages=254–255}} Whilst Progress 2 was docked, Salyut 6 was manned by the EO-2 crew, consisting of cosmonauts Vladimir Kovalyonok and Aleksandr Ivanchenkov.{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.astronautix.com/flights/salt6eo2.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040107170214/http://www.astronautix.com/flights/salt6eo2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 January 2004|title=Salyut 6 EO-2|first=Mark|last=Wade|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=26 November 2010}}
On 29 July 1978, whilst docked to Salyut 6, Progress 2 was catalogued in a low Earth orbit with a perigee of {{convert|327|km}} and an apogee of {{convert|330|km}}, inclined at 51.66° and with a period of 91.1 minutes. Progress 2 undocked from Salyut 6 at 04:57:44 UTC on 2 August. It remained in orbit until the early morning of 4 August 1978, when it was deorbited. The deorbit burn occurred at 01:31:07 UTC, with the spacecraft undergoing a destructive reentry at around 02:15 UTC.{{cite web|url=http://www.planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|title=Satellite Catalog|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|work=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=26 November 2010}} Less than four days after Progress 2 had been deorbited, Progress 3 was launched to replace it.
See also
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}