Project O Canada
{{Short description|Canadian anti-terrorism investigation}}
Founded in 2001, Project O Canada was a Toronto-basedO'Connor, Dennis, [http://www.ararcommission.ca/eng/Vol_I_English.pdf Report of the Events Relating to Maher Arar: Factual Background] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413162353/http://www.ararcommission.ca/eng/Vol_I_English.pdf |date=2008-04-13 }}, 2006 anti-terrorism investigation by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Created in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks, subdivisions of the project named A-O Canada and C-O Canada were based in Ottawa and Montreal, RCMP Divisions A and C respectively.Arar Commission, [http://www.maherarar.ca/the%20inquiry%20today%20more.php?id=111_0_19_0_M Testimony of] Garry Loeppky By December 2001, the RCMP was shifting its focus from gathering intelligence, to seeking information "in a manner suitable for court purposes".
It was later criticised for bringing together forty members from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's (RCMP) Commercial Crimes, IPOC, and National Security Investigations branches, Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), Customs and Revenue Agency, Canada Border Services Agency, the Quebec and Ontario provincial police, and local officers from Hull, Gatineau and Ottawa. The team was composed almost entirely of individuals with no knowledge of intelligence gathering, Islam, or human rights issues, and was simply told to cooperate fully with the American Federal Bureau of Investigation and Central Intelligence Agency, turning over all information without hesitation.
The project was ultimately found to have played a "central role" in the wrongful rendition and torture of Canadian citizens, including Maher Arar, who was tortured for ten months before being found innocent of the officers' claims that he was "suspected of being linked to the Al Qaeda terrorist movement".
First months
Growing out of an earlier project begun in 1997, the 35-officerCTV, [http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1025062999151_20472199/ RCMP task force probes possible terrorist links]{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, October 18, 2001 project initially focused on the actions and acquaintances of NGO-worker Ahmed Khadr, who was believed to be financially supporting Islamic militants in Afghanistan.Jaimet, Kate. Ottawa Citizen, "[http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=282604a0-659a-48f0-9465-4bf832982482 RCMP 9/11 dragnet targeted eldest Khadr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104083002/http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=282604a0-659a-48f0-9465-4bf832982482 |date=2012-11-04 }}", December 8, 2006
They also investigated claims from local residents that a man who resembled Mohamed Atta had worked part-time at the Best Copy copy shop in downtown Toronto, seizing the store's records and investigating its customers, adding a number of them to an Interpol database.
By October, the RCMP claimed to have identified 10-12 "al-Qaida suspects" in the city,Godfrey, Tom. Toronto Sun, "Al-Qaida search heats up", October 21, 2001 and a month later reported they had "undertaken 24-hour surveillance of at least five suspected supporters of Osama bin Laden."CBC, [http://www.cbc.ca/newsinreview/nov2001/PDFs/canada.pdf Terrorist Attack: Protecting Canada], November 2001
Expansion of the project
{{rquote|right|The priorities that everybody had been assigned to, or working on, prior to 9/11, were basically put on the shelf and everybody was redirected to try and address the threat and the crisis that was ongoing with respect to terrorist attacks.|Supt. Mike CabanaPither, Kerry. "Dark Days: The Story of Four Canadians Tortured in the Name of Fighting Terror", 2008.}}
In October 2001, the RCMP's Toronto office met with Ottawa officers in Newmarket, Ontario and requested they form a Project A-O division. Its first task was to help Toronto by taking over the investigation of the electronics store owner Abdullah Almalki, who had worked for Human Concern International at the same time as Khadr. Almalki had been under surveillance by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service since he first met with Khadr in 1998.{{cite news|first=Don|last=Butler|title=The Arar Chronicles: Person of Interest (Part 1)|publisher=Ottawa Citizen|date=2006-12-08|page=A4}}
Project C-O meanwhile put Abdelrahman, the younger brother of Mohamad Elzahabi working as a mechanic in Montreal, "under a microscope".Freze, Colin. The Globe and Mail, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/opinions/jailed-arab-details-ties-to-tortured-canadians/article1285350/ Jailed Arab details ties to tortured Canadians], September 11, 2009
Ontario Provincial Police officers were also tasked to help the Federal police agency.[http://www.iacobucciinquiry.ca/pdfs/documents/2007-12-14-OPP-Submissions-Standards-of-Conduct.pdf Internal Inquiry into the Actions of Canadian Officials in Relation to Abdullah Almalki, Ahmad Abou-Elmaati and Muayyed Nureddin]{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
Actions
The Ottawa office, under the control of Cpl. Randal Walsh, Garry ClementMacLeon, Ian. CanWest, "Former Mountie defends embattled Arar investigation", September 27, 2006 and Supt. Mike Cabana, quickly moved from providing assistance to their Toronto colleagues, and began conducting their own investigations focusing primarily on Abdullah Almalki and Ahmad Abou El Maati.
When Almalki met with telecommunications engineer Maher Arar at the Mango Cafe shawarma restaurant in Ottawa to discuss local doctors and printer cartridges, officers clandestinely acquired his 1997 lease agreement from Minto Developments Inc., and saw that he had listed Almalki as an emergency contact. He was subsequently placed under surveillance by Project A-O,Shephard, Michelle, Toronto Star, "Canadian loses bid to sue Jordan", March 1, 2005 and his name added to a Canada Customs "terrorist lookout list", although it was later determined there was no evidence to support such an action.Austen, Ian. New York Times, "[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/19/world/americas/19canada.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all&oref=slogin Canadians Fault US for Its Role in Torture Case], September 19, 2006
In January 2002, Cpl. Randy Walsh received search warrants to raid seven homes, although later analysis suggested that if he had been honest about their evidence before the judge, the warrants would not have been granted.Butler, Don. Ottawa Citizen, "RCMP used 'disturbing' tactics to get warrants; Didn't tell judges information came from Syrian agents", August 10, 2007 A publication ban initially prevented the media from reporting the identities of those targeted, although later reports confirmed which buildings had been searched.
- The Ottawa home of Abdullah Almalki
- The Ottawa home of Almalki's sales manager at work
- The Ottawa home of Almalki's brother Nazih
- The Toronto home of Ahmed Khadr, although he hadn't been home to Canada in more than a year
- The Toronto home of Ahmad El-Maati, who was already in a Syrian prison
- The Montreal home of Mohamad Elzahabi's brother AbdelrahmanFreeze, Colin. The Globe and Mail, "Torture, radios and why the US won't let go", March 17, 2007
- The Montreal home and business of Ibrahym Adam, the mechanic who gave el-Maati a job.
In addition, while they lacked a warrant to search his house, officers visited Arar to discover he was overseas. When he returned, he agreed to discussions with a lawyer present, but the RCMP found the requirement too "stringent" and did not follow up.
In April 2002, Project A-O sent American officials their complete files without any limits on its use or "regard for the rights of citizens",International Civil Liberties Monitoring Group, [http://www.interpares.ca/en/publications/pdf/ICMLG-Arar-Closing_submission.pdf Submission to the Factual Inquiry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214032018/http://www.interpares.ca/en/publications/pdf/ICMLG-Arar-Closing_submission.pdf |date=2007-12-14 }}, September 2005 leading to tension between RCMP headquarters and the anti-terrorism project. The Americans later used faxes detailing the sale of walkie talkies seized at Almalki's house in the raid as evidence in their trial against Mohamad Elzahabi.Duffy, Andrew. Ottawa Citizen, [http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=23d73fb7-9eb4-484c-a128-bcf5504da203 Almalki linked to US terror trial] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104084938/http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=23d73fb7-9eb4-484c-a128-bcf5504da203 |date=2012-11-04 }}, March 14, 2007
In August, after Almalki was arrested in Syria - Project A-O officers wanted to send Syria information about him, as well as a list of questions that they wanted him to answer, stating that "Depending on his willingness to answer truthfully and depending on the answers he provides you, a second series of questions has been prepared for him". Sgt. Rick Flewelling, from the RCMP headquarters, intervened and insisted that the Department of Justice and Foreign Affairs would have to be involved CTV, "[http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1124760253925_469450/?hub=Canada RCMP intelligence sharing probed at Arar inquiry]{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}", August 23, 2005Freeze, Colin. The Globe and Mail, "Documents tie Khadr to tortured pair", November 3, 2006
In September 2002, the A-O division began asking the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) to help them secure the ability to travel to Syria to interrogate Almalki themselves, or at least direct how he would be interrogated by Syrians. When DFAIT officer Jonathan Solomon demanded to know whether they would be clear not to use torture, since it had already been used against Ahmed el-Maati, A-O Division officers "got awkward" and Cabana claimed that it was possible that el-Maati had just been lying about Syria using torture. Also in September, as Arar was en route to New York from Switzerland, Project A-O officers faxed a memo to Americans which involved a number of "false claims" about Arar, stating that he and his wife were "Islamic
Extremist individuals suspected of being linked to the Al Qaeda
terrorist movement".House of Commons, Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security,
[http://cmte.parl.gc.ca/Content/HOC/Committee/391/SECU/Evidence/EV2565738/SECUEV24-E.PDF December 5, 2006] Arar was subsequently arrested and deported to Syria where he was tortured for ten months before being found innocent of any wrongdoing.{{cite web |url=http://www.ararcommission.ca/eng/ToopeReport_final.pdf |title=Report of the Events Relating to Maher Arar: Report of Professor Stephen J. Toope Fact Finder |year=2006 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413162415/http://www.ararcommission.ca/eng/ToopeReport_final.pdf |archivedate=2008-04-13 }}
The project also sent officers to Pakistan in 2005, after it was announced that Khadr's son Abdullah had been arrested. Abdullah stated that when he was about 14 years old, his father had purchased two pairs of walkie talkies from Almalki, although his lawyers later argued the statement had been made due to his mistreatment by Pakistani officials.
Members
Toronto Members
Ottawa Members
| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"
! bgcolor="#efefef"| Name ! bgcolor="#efefef"| Subdivision ! bgcolor="#efefef"| Role ! bgcolor="#efefef"| Later work |
| Cpl. Randy Buffam
|RCMP |Interviewed Arar in January 2002, later refused to speak with journalist Mike Trickey at the Ottawa Citizen.Pither, Kerry. "Dark Days: The story of four Canadians tortured in the name of fighting terror", 2008. | |
| Insp. Michel Cabana
|RCPM, first leader of Project A-O |Oversaw Project A-O from October 5, 2001 through February 4, 2003. |
| SSgt. Patrick Callaghan
|Ottawa Police Service, Project A-O |Flew to Washington in May 2002 to brief FBI about Canadian targets. | |
| Warren Coons
|RCMP, second leader of Project A-O |Took over following Cabana's departure in February 2003 | |
| Kevin Corcoran
|Ottawa Police Service |Flew to Washington in May 2002 to brief FBI about Canadian targets. | |
| Cpl. Rick Flewelling
|RCMP, National Security Investigations |Supervised the actions of Project A-O, spoke to the FBI immediately prior to Arar's deportation |
| Cpl. Robert LeMay
| |Assigned to investigate Arar after the Mango's lunch. | |
| Sgt. Rock Fillion
|Gatineau police |Assigned to investigate Arar after the Mango's lunch. | |
Fallout
After it was discovered that Canadian authorities had been complicit in the rendition and torture of an innocent Canadian, a Royal Commission was formed to investigate. Project A-O figured prominently in the explanation of Canada's anti-terrorism investigations, while attorney Don Bayne unsuccessfully argued that since the RCMP couldn't disclose full information due to national security concerns, it therefore shouldn't have to disclose any information about the project.O'Connor, Dennis. Arar Commission, [http://www.ararcommission.ca/eng/Ruling_RCMP_0512.pdf Ruling on RCMP testimony] ,2006
The Commission determined that the Project A-O officers "lacked experience
and training in conducting national security investigations".
Saskatoon RCMP
Vet’s Newsletter, [http://www.saskatoonrcmpvets.com/pdf/mar07newsletter.pdf Defending the RCMP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716005748/http://www.saskatoonrcmpvets.com/pdf/mar07newsletter.pdf |date=2011-07-16 }}, March 6, 2007
See also
References
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