Prosthenorchis
{{Short description|Genus of worms}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image =
|image_caption =
|taxon = Prosthenorchis
|authority = Travassos, 1915
}}
Prosthenorchis is a genus of parasitic worms belonging to the family Oligacanthorhynchidae.{{cite web |title=Prosthenorchis Travassos, 1915 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2499635 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=6 April 2021 |language=en}} Prosthenorchis have a trunk up to 50 mm long, a proboscis that is not ornate with three barbed hooks in each of 12 rows. They have complex hook roots with large manubria, and a small discoid posterior hook base. There are up to 23 festoons. Gonopore is subterminal. The primary host are primates in South America and Felidae in Africa with cockroaches and beetles as intermediate hosts.{{Cite journal|last1=Amin|first1=Omar M.|last2=Ha|first2=Ngyuen Van|last3=Heckmann|first3=Richard A.|date=Feb 2008|title=New and already known acanthocephalans mostly from mammals in Vietnam, with descriptions of two new genera and species in Archiacanthocephala|journal=The Journal of Parasitology|volume=94|issue=1|pages=194–201|doi=10.1645/GE-1394.1|issn=0022-3395|pmid=18372641|s2cid=7767259}}
Taxonomy
Phylogenetic analysis had been performed on P.elegans.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/?term=txid1781190[organism:exp]
Description
Prosthenorchis consists of a proboscis covered in hooks and a trunk.
Species
THere are five species in the genus Prosthenorchis.{{cite web|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=196807#null|title=Prosthenorchis Travassos, 1915|date=November 3, 2023|website=Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)|access-date=November 3, 2023|archive-date=|archive-url=}}{{#tag:ref|A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.|group=lower-alpha}}
- Prosthenorchis cerdocyonis {{small|Gomes, Olifiers, Souza, Barbosa, D'Andrea & Maldonado Jr., 2015}}Gomes, Ana Paula & Olifiers, Natalie & Souza, Joyce & Barbosa, Helene & D'Andrea, Paulo & Maldonado, Arnaldo. (2014). A New Acanthocephalan Species (Archiacanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) from the Crab-Eating Fox ( Cerdocyon thous ) in the Brazilian Pantanal Wetlands. The Journal of parasitology. 101. 10.1645/13-321.1.
The species is named after the genus of the host, the Crab-Eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous).
- Prosthenorchis elegans {{small|(Diesing, 1851)}}
- Prosthenorchis fraterna {{small|(Baer, 1959)}}
- Prosthenorchis lemuri {{small|Machado-Filho, 1950}}
- Prosthenorchis sinicus {{small|Hu-Jiand, 1990}}
Distribution
Hosts
[[File:Acanthocephala LifeCycle lg.jpg|thumb|250px|alt=Diagram of the life cycle of Acanthocephala|Life cycle of Acanthocephala.{{cite web
| url = https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/acanthocephaliasis/index.html
| title = Acanthocephaliasis
| last = CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria
| date = April 11, 2019
| website = www.cdc.gov
| publisher = Center for Disease Control
| access-date = July 17, 2023
| quote =
| archive-date = 8 June 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230608133736/https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/acanthocephaliasis/index.html
| url-status = live
}}]]
The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. The intermediate hosts of most Pachysentis species are not known. When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor are passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats.{{cite book
| last = Schmidt
| first = G.D.
| editor-last1 = Crompton
| editor-first1 = D.W.T.
| editor-last2 = Nickol
| editor-first2 = B.B.
| author-link =
| date = 1985
| title = Biology of the Acanthocephala
| chapter = Development and life cycles
| url = https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/17218255.pdf
| location = Cambridge
| publisher = Cambridge Univ. Press
| pages = 273–305
| isbn =
| access-date = 17 July 2023
| archive-date = 22 July 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230722191034/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/17218255.pdf
| url-status = live
}}
File:Crab-eating Fox (cropped).JPG|alt=Crab-eating fox in the forest|The tayra is one of the hosts of P. cerdocyonis
Notes
{{Notelist}}