Protected areas of Sri Lanka

Plant diversity and endemism in Sri Lanka are quite high. Of 3,210 flowering plants belonging to 1,052 genera, 916 species and 18 genera are endemic.{{cite web|url=http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/ghats/Pages/biodiversity.aspx|title=Western Ghats and Sri Lanka|work=biodiversityhotspots.org|publisher=Conservation International|access-date=2009-04-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504133044/http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/ghats/Pages/biodiversity.aspx|archive-date=2009-05-04}} All but one of Sri Lanka's more than 55 dipterocarp (Sinhalese "Hora") are found nowhere else in the world. Sri Lanka's amphibian diversity is only becoming known now. Sri Lanka may be home to as many as 140 species of amphibians. More than 50 known freshwater crabs are confined to Sri Lanka.

{{Main|Deforestation in Sri Lanka}}

Between 1990 and 2000, Sri Lanka lost an average of 26,800 ha of forests per year.{{cite web|url=http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/2000/Sri_Lanka.htm|title=Sri Lanka|work=mongabay.com|publisher=Mongabay|access-date=2009-04-21}} This amounted to an average annual deforestation rate of 1.14 percent . Between 2000 and 2005 this accelerated to 1.43% per annum.

92 Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) have been identified through a process coordinated by the Wildlife Heritage Trust and University of Peradeniya.{{cite web|url=http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/ghats/Pages/conservation.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714033006/http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/ghats/Pages/conservation.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-07-14|title=Conservation action and protected areas|work=biodiversityhotspots.org|publisher=Conservation International|access-date=2009-04-21}} Many other data and published literature were also incorporated into the analysis, notably data on Important Bird Areas collected by the Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka. Nearly all of these KBAs lie in the wet zone in south western part of the country. These areas considered irreplaceable because all sites contain endemic species that found nowhere else, with some of them harboring more than 100 globally threatened species.

The flora and fauna of Sri Lanka are heavily understudied. For instance the Serendib scops owl was described and nine other bird species added to the list of endemics only in 2004. Thus the number of endemic species is likely to be a gross underestimate.

A number of forest reserves and proposed reserves are managed by Department of Forest Conservation. These areas are ecosystems with rich biodiversity.{{cite book|title=The National Atlas of Sri Lanka|publisher=Department of Survey|year=2007|edition=2nd|isbn=978-955-9059-04-2}} Some of the forest reserves and proposed reserves include

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• Bambarabotuwa
• Beraliya proposed reserve
• Dellawa proposed reserve
• Delwala
• Gilimale-Erathna
• Kalugala
• Kekunandura
• Kombala-Kottawa

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• Malambure
• Morapitiya Runakanda
• Mulatiyana
• Nahitimukalana proposed reserve
• Oliyagankele
• Rammala Kanda
• Viharakele
• Yagirala

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File:Sinharaaja water stream.jpg is a protected area in Sri Lanka]]

There are four biosphere reserves declared under UNESCO's Man and Biosphere Reserve Programme. Those are Bundala, Hurulu, Kanneliya-Dediyagala-Nakiyadeniya (KDN) and Sinharaja.{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/contact.asp?code=SRL|title=Sri Lanka|work=unesco.org|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=2009-10-06}} Apart from these international biosphere reserves there are national biosphere reserves being designated. Thirty-three are administrated by Department of Forest conservation and another four by Department of Wildlife Conservation.{{cite web|url=http://www.mablanka.lk/management.php |title=Forest management in Sri Lanka |year=2005 |work=mablanka.lk |publisher=Sri Lanka MAB programme |access-date=2009-10-06 |format=cached copy |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210151134/http://www.mablanka.lk/management.php |archive-date=February 10, 2006 }}

National protected areas are mainly classified into six types.{{cite web|url=http://www.dwlc.lk/cgi-bin/template.pl?pa|title=Protected Areas|work=dwlc.lk|publisher=Department of Wildlife Conservation|access-date=2009-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050829055349/http://www.dwlc.lk/cgi-bin/template.pl?pa|archive-date=2005-08-29|url-status=dead}} The first four categories of protected areas cover all the ecological and regions of Sri Lanka. The 5th, 6th and 7th categories were introduced in 1993 by amending the Flora and Fauna Protection Ordinance. However, no regions have been declared under these categories so far.

1. Strict nature reserves
2. National parks
3. Nature reserves
4. Jungle corridors
5. Refuge
6. Marine reserves
7. Buffer zones
8. Sanctuaries

File:Kumana National Park (Yala East, Okanda).jpg

Human activities are restricted in SNRs and they are protected as a pure natural system. Researchers are allowed under the supervision of the Department of Wildlife Conservation staff and with the prior approval of the director.

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File:Pigeon Island National Park, Sri Lanka.jpg

{{Main|List of national parks of Sri Lanka}}

National parks are areas allowed for the public to see and study wildlife. However necessary rules and regulations are introduced to protect wildlife and their habitats.

File:Giritale tank (panorama).jpg

Wildlife viewing and studying is restricted in these areas. Similar to Strict nature reserves scientific researches are encouraged under the supervision of Department of Wildlife Conservation staff. These areas differ from strict nature reserves by allowing traditional human activities to continue.

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The only jungle corridor declared under the accelerated Mahaweli Development Programme.

{{Main|List of wildlife sanctuaries of Sri Lanka}}

Sanctuaries ensure the protection of wildlife of private lands which outside the state claim.

In the sanctuaries protection of habitat and allowing of human activities occur simultaneously. Permission is not required for entry to these lands.

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{{Commons category|Protected areas of Sri Lanka}}

• [http://www.southasiamcpaportal.org/toolkit/mcpa.html Marine and Coastal Protected areas]

{{Asia topic|Protected areas of}}

{{Geography of Sri Lanka}}

Sri