Protein contact dermatitis

Protein contact dermatitis appears as urticarial or vesicular skin reaction within minutes of contact with the causative protein on previously afflicted skin; nonetheless, chronic or recurring eczema is the most frequently reported clinical picture. The most common affected areas are the hands (fingers, wrists, and forearms), although dermatitis can also occur on the face and neck (caused by airborne particles) in certain cases.{{cite book | last=Goossens | first=An | title=Clinical Contact Dermatitis | chapter=Protein Contact Dermatitis | publisher=Springer International Publishing | publication-place=Cham | date=2021 | isbn=978-3-030-49331-8 | doi=10.1007/978-3-030-49332-5_20 | pages=423–426}}

Certain foods have been linked to a few occurrences of chronic paronychia, which is accompanied by erythema and edema of the proximal nail folds.{{cite journal | last1=Tosti | first1=Antonella | last2=Guerra | first2=Liliana | last3=Morelli | first3=Rossella | last4=Bardazzi | first4=Federico | last5=Fanti | first5=Pier Alessandro | title=Role of foods in the pathogenesis of chronic paronychia | journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume=27 | issue=5 | date=1992 | doi=10.1016/0190-9622(92)70242-8 | pages=706–710| pmid=1430392 }}

Protein contact dermatitis is typically caused by food-related, proteinaceous etiologic agents, such as cereal grains, flours, enzymes, and proteins from vegetables and animals.{{cite journal | last1=JANSSENS | first1=V. | last2=MORREN | first2=M. | last3=DOOMS-GOOSSENS | first3=A. | last4=DEGREEF | first4=H. | title=Protein contact dermatitis: myth or reality? | journal=British Journal of Dermatology | publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP) | volume=132 | issue=1 | year=1995 | issn=0007-0963 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08616.x | pages=1–6| pmid=7756118 }}

Similar to immunologic contact urticaria, the pathophysiology is a type I hypersensitivity reaction mediated by allergen-specific IgE within a previously sensitized individual. Although the precise mechanism underlying protein contact dermatitis is yet unknown, it may resemble that of atopic dermatitis, especially given that a delayed IgE-mediated reaction may be caused by IgE receptors on epidermal Langerhans cells.{{cite journal | last1=Vester | first1=Lotte | last2=Thyssen | first2=Jacob P. | last3=Menné | first3=Torkil | last4=Johansen | first4=Jeanne Duus | title=Occupational food-related hand dermatoses seen over a 10-year period | journal=Contact Dermatitis | publisher=Wiley | volume=66 | issue=5 | date=2012-04-06 | issn=0105-1873 | doi=10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.02048.x | pages=264–270| pmid=22486568 }}

Patch tests are typically negative, so the diagnosis is made using the results of a prick test with the allergen, which is thought to be the gold standard. Certain antibodies may occasionally be found in the patient's serum.

Usually, the eruption heals quickly when the causative material is avoided. Corticosteroid ointments or lotions expedite the healing process in extreme situations.{{cite book | last=Hannuksela | first=Matti | title=Contact Dermatitis | chapter=Protein Contact Dermatitis | publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg | publication-place=Berlin, Heidelberg | date=2006 | isbn=978-3-540-24471-4 | doi=10.1007/3-540-31301-x_20 | pages=345–348}}

• Rubber dermatitis
• List of cutaneous conditions

{{reflist}}

• {{cite journal | last=Barbaud | first=Annick | title=Mechanism and diagnosis of protein contact dermatitis | journal=Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology | publisher=Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) | volume=20 | issue=2 | year=2020 | issn=1528-4050 | doi=10.1097/aci.0000000000000621 | pages=117–121 | pmid=31972603 | ref=none}}
• {{cite journal | last1=Hernández-Bel | first1=P. | last2=De La Cuadra | first2=J. | last3=García | first3=R. | last4=Alegre | first4=V. | title=Protein Contact Dermatitis: Review of 27 Cases | journal=Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=102 | issue=5 | year=2011 | issn=1578-2190 | doi=10.1016/s1578-2190(11)70816-2 | pages=336–343 | ref=none| doi-access=free | pmid=21497331 }}

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{{Dermatitis and eczema}}

Category:Contact dermatitis