Protohermes

{{Short description|Genus of insects}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Protohermes grandis.jpg

| image_caption = Protohermes grandis

| taxon = Protohermes

| authority = Van der Weele

}}

Protohermes is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae.{{cite web |title=Genus Protohermes |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/244350-Protohermes |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=iNaturalist |language=en-US}} Protohermes is the most speciose and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia.{{Cite journal |last=LIU |first=XINGYUE |last2=HAYASHI |first2=FUMIO |last3=YANG |first3=DING |date=2007-04-02 |title=Systematics of the Protohermes costalis species-group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1439.1.1 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=1439 |issue=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1439.1.1 |issn=1175-5334|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last=LIU |first=XINGYUE |last2=HAYASHI |first2=FUMIO |last3=YANG |first3=DING |date=2009-07-01 |title=Notes on the genus Protohermes van der Weele (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) from Vietnam, with description of two new species |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2146.1.2 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=2146 |issue=1 |pages=22–34 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.2146.1.2 |issn=1175-5334|url-access=subscription }} This endemism may be a result of an association with high elevation and high slope streams in Northern Vietnam and China.

Description

Adult Protohermes generally have yellow coloration with white spots on the wings. The male genitalia are diverse across the genus and can be useful only for species-level identification, especially the shape and size of the tenth tergum and the subgenital plate at the ninth sternum. Nuptial gifts in Protohermes may as large as 20% of the total body mass of the male and can require up to 2 days to recover before mating again.{{Cite journal |last=Hayashi |first=Fumio |date=1993 |title=Male mating costs in two insect species (Protohermes, Megaloptera) that produce large spermatophores |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1993.1039 |journal=Animal Behaviour |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=343–349 |doi=10.1006/anbe.1993.1039 |issn=0003-3472|url-access=subscription }}

The size and phenology of larvae is closely tied to the availability of different sizes of prey.{{Citation |last=Hayashi |first=Fumio |title=Life-history patterns in 15 populations of Protohermes (Megaloptera: Corydalidae): Effects of prey size and temperature |date=1994 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1888-2_11 |work=Insect life-cycle polymorphism |pages=227–243 |place=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer Netherlands |isbn=978-90-481-4401-3 |access-date=2023-02-12}} Dwarfism occurs in populations on islands and peninsulas as a result of fewer species of large prey, and maturation may be synchronous with prey in locations with seasonal variability. Larger larvae do not consume smaller prey, and they actively select prey as an ambush predator.{{Cite journal |last=HAYASHI |first=FUMIO |date=1988 |title=Prey selection by the dobsonfly larva, Protohermes grandis (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1988.tb01713.x |journal=Freshwater Biology |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=19–29 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.1988.tb01713.x |issn=0046-5070|url-access=subscription }} Larvae are motionless 90% of the time during the day, but do change position on the stream bed during the night.{{Cite journal |last=Hayashi |first=Fumio |last2=Nakane |first2=Masatoshi |date=1989 |title=Radio tracking and activity monitoring of the dobsonfly larva, Protohermes grandis (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00378735 |journal=Oecologia |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=468–472 |doi=10.1007/bf00378735 |issn=0029-8549|url-access=subscription }}

Taxonomy

Protohermes contains the following species:[https://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/AdvancedSearchResults?asordercriteria=beginswith&asorder=&asfamilycriteria=beginswith&asfamily=&assubfamilycriteria=beginswith&assubfamily=&astribecriteria=beginswith&astribe=&assubtribecriteria=beginswith&assubtribe=&asoriginalgenuscriteria=beginswith&asoriginalgenus=&ascurrentgenuscriteria=beginswith&ascurrentgenus=Protohermes&asoriginalcurrentgenuscriteria=beginswith&asoriginalcurrentgenus=&asoriginalsubgenuscriteria=beginswith&asoriginalsubgenus=&ascurrentsubgenuscriteria=beginswith&ascurrentsubgenus=&asoriginalcurrentsubgenuscriteria=beginswith&asoriginalcurrentsubgenus=&asoriginalcurrentgenussubgenuscriteria=beginswith&asoriginalcurrentgenussubgenus=&ascombinationgenuscriteria=beginswith&ascombinationgenus=&ascombinationsubgenuscriteria=beginswith&ascombinationsubgenus=&ascombinationgenussubgenuscriteria=beginswith&ascombinationgenussubgenus=&ascombinationspeciesgroupcriteria=beginswith&ascombinationspeciesgroup=&ascombinationspeciescriteria=beginswith&ascombinationspecies=&ascombinationsubspeciescriteria=beginswith&ascombinationsubspecies=&ascombinationvarietycriteria=beginswith&ascombinationvariety=&ascombinationsubinfrcriteria=beginswith&ascombinationsubinfr=&ascombinationspeciessubspeciesvarietycriteria=beginswith&ascombinationspeciessubspeciesvariety=&asauthorcriteria=beginswith&asauthor=&asyearcriteria=is&asyear=&asjournalcriteria=contains&asjournal=&asgenusnumber=&asspeciesnumber=&asreferencenumber=&ascombinationnumber=&asnamestatus=validonly&asextantfossil=extantorfossil Lacewing Digital Library: Protohermes]

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Some authors recognize species-group assemblages within the genus (e.g.,

{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Xingyue |last2=Yang |first2=Ding |date=2005 |title=Revision of theProtohermes changningensisspecies group from China (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650420500054904 |journal=Aquatic Insects |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=167–178 |doi=10.1080/01650420500054904 |issn=0165-0424|url-access=subscription }}), and other authors treat the genus Neurhermes as valid (these species are marked above), but are generally treated as Protohermes.{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Xingyue |last2=Yang |first2=Ding |date=2006 |title=The Protohermes differentialis group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae) from China, with description of one new species |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650420600980297 |journal=Aquatic Insects |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=219–227 |doi=10.1080/01650420600980297 |issn=0165-0424|url-access=subscription }}

References