Prymnesium

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Liebert Deerns 1920 Prymnesium sketch.jpg

| image_caption = Illustration

| taxon = Prymnesium

| authority = Massart, 1920 emend. Edvardsen, Eikrem & Probert, 2011

}}

Prymnesium is a genus of haptophytes, including the species Prymnesium parvum.{{cite journal |last=La Claire |first=JW |title=Analysis of expressed sequence tags from the harmful alga, Prymnesium parvum (Prymnesiophyceae, Haptophyta) |journal=Mar. Biotechnol. |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=534–46 |year=2006 |pmid=16896534 |doi=10.1007/s10126-005-5182-2|bibcode=2006MarBt...8..534L |s2cid=27204487 }}

The genus is a unicellular motile alga. It is ellipsoidal in shape one flagellum is straight and there are two longer ones which enable movement.Fritsch, F.E. 1965. The Structure and Reproduction of the Algae. Volume 1.Cambridge University Press.

The name Latinizes the Greek {{transliteration|grc|prymnēsion}} ‘cable (for mooring)’,{{cite book|last=Cooper|first=Thomas|author-link=Thomas Cooper (bishop)|title=Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae| year = 1565 | url=http://thrax.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/mpiwg-mpdl-cms-web/lt/GetDictionaryEntries?query=prymnesium&language=lat&dictionary=cooper&inputType=lemma&outputFormat=html&outputType=dictFull|quote=prymnesium: The post wherevnto the cable of a ship is tyed. The cable it selfe. [The post unto which the cable of a ship is tied; the cable itself.]}}{{cite book|last1=Graham|first1=Linda E.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Lee Warren|title=Algae|url=https://archive.org/details/algae00grah_0|url-access=registration|year=2000|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-660333-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/algae00grah_0/page/193 193]|quote=Prymnesium (Gr. prymnesion, stern-cable) is a single-celled flagellate.}} from {{transliteration|grc|prymna}} ‘stern’, from {{transliteration|grc|prymnos}} ‘hindmost’.{{cite book|last=Roberts|first=Edward A.|title=A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language|volume=II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UxxwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA409|year=2014|publisher=Xlibris Corp. |isbn=978-1-4931-9111-6|page=409|quote=proís < Cat. prois < VL. *prodesium < L. prymnēsium [...]}}{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}}

Prymnesium was likely first recognized and drawn (although not named as such) on July 1, 1920,{{cite journal |last1=Liebert |first1=F. |last2=Deerns |first2=W.M. |title=Nederland Nationaal Archief - Inventaris van het archief van de Hoofinspecteur der Visserijen, (1907) 1910-1922 (1924) - Item 195: Verslag van een onderzoek naar de oorzaken van de vissterfte in de polder Workumer-Nieuwland nabij Workum, door N.W. Deerns van het Rijksinstituut voor Hydrografisch Visserijonderzoek, houdende een beschrijving van visdodende flagellaten (planktonorganismen). 1920 |journal=Nederland Nationaal Archief |date=1920-07-01 |url=https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.11.12 |access-date=28 August 2023|language=nl}} and then (seemingly independently) officially named shortly afterwards on July 6, 1920.{{cite journal |last1=Massart |first1=J. |title=Recherches sur les organismes inférieurs. VIII. - Sur la motilité des Flagellates. |journal=Bulletin de la Classe des sciences de l'Académie Royale de Belgique |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=116–141 |url=https://img.algaebase.org/pdf/AC1F07150cd8f20C04KO1FAAAB55/34880.pdf |access-date=2023-07-31|language=fr}}

Morphology

[[File:Fig09-03-P.-p.-f.-patelliferum.jpg|thumb|left|upright=2.5|P. parvum f. patelliferum. Electron microscopy.

/>a) Transversal section showing the f1,f2: flagella, h: haptonema, c: chloroplast, sc: surface of the cell covered with scales.

/>b) Longitudinal section showing: c: (complex) chloroplasts, cer: chloroplasts endoplasmic reticulum, vf: vestibular fossa/cavity, per: periplastidial endoplasmatic reticulum, n: nucleus, nu: nucleolus, ner: nuclear endoplasmic reticulum, m: mitochondria, p: pyrenoids, g: Golgi body, mb: muciferous body (extrusome, pv: pulsatile/contractile vacuole, sc: scales.

/>c) r: radial and c: concentrical scales.]]

[[File:Fig09-04-P.-p.-f.-patelliferum.jpg|thumb|left|upright=2.5|P. parvum f. patelliferum. Electron microscopy.

/>a) sc: scale forming in the g: Golgi body, er: endoplasmic reticulum.<

/>b) g: Golgi body just below the fr: flagellar root, m: mitochondrion, n: nucleous, mb: muciferous body, cytoplasm surrounded by a narrow peripheral cisterna of per: endoplasmic reticulum.

/>c) Transversal section showing peripheral cisterna of per: endoplasmic reticulum, n: nucleus, nu: nucleolus, m: mitochondrion, l: lipidic globules, mb: muciferous body, and sc: scales.

/>d) Transversal section showing cer: chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the nucleus endoplasmic reticulum. c: chloroplast, g: Golgi body, f: flagella, p: pyrenoids, n: nucleus, pv: pulsatil vacuole, mb: muciferous body, and sc: scales.{{cite journal |last1=Beltrami |first1=Orietta |last2=Escobar |first2=Marcela |last3=Collantes |first3=Gloria | title = New record of Prymnesium parvum f. patelliferum (Green, Hibberd & Piennar) Larsen stat. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) from Valparaíso Bay |journal=Investigaciones Marinas |date=May 2007 |volume=35 |issue=1 |doi=10.4067/S0717-71782007000100009 |doi-access=free }}]]

Species

The taxonomy of Prymnesiales was revised in 2011. With this revision, ten additional species were added to the genus, namely P. neolepis (previously assigned to Hyalolithus), P. palpebrale, P. polylepis, P. kappa, P. chiton, P. minus (previously assigned to Chrysochromulina), P. neustophilum, P. pienaarii, P. pigrum, and P. simplex (previously assigned to Platychrysis).{{cite journal | first1 = Bente | last1 = Edvardsen | first2 = Wenche | last2 = Eikrem | first3 = Jahn | last3 = Throndsen | first4 = Alberto G. | last4 = Sáez | first5 = Ian | last5 = Probert | first6 = Linda K. | last6 = Medlin | date = 2011 | title = Ribosomal DNA phylogenies and a morphological revision provide the basis for a revised taxonomy of the Prymnesiales (Haptophyta) | journal = European Journal of Phycology | volume = 46 | issue = 3 | pages = 202–228 | doi = 10.1080/09670262.2011.594095| bibcode = 2011EJPhy..46..202E | s2cid = 73587538 }}

Prymnesium neolepis {{au|(M. Yoshida, M.-H. Noël, T. Nakayama, T. Naganuma & I. Inouye, 2006) Edvardsen, Eikrem & Probert, 2011}} (=Hyalolithus neolepis)
Prymnesium palpebrale {{au|(Seoane, Eikrem, Edvardsen & Pienaar, 2009) Edvardsen, Eikrem & Probert, 2011}} (=Chrysochromulina palpebralis)
Prymnesium polylepis {{au|(Manton & Parke, 1962) Edvardsen, Eikrem & Probert, 2011}} (=Chrysochromulina polylepis)
Prymnesium kappa {{au|(Parke & Manton, 1955) Edvardsen, Eikrem & Probert, 2011}} (=Chrysochromulina kappa)
Prymnesium chiton {{au|(Parke & Manton, 1958) Edvardsen, Eikrem & Probert, 2011}} (=Chrysochromulina chiton)
Prymnesium minus {{au|(Parke & Manton, 1955) Edvardsen, Eikrem & Probert, 2011}} (=Chrysochromulina minor)
Prymnesium neustophilum {{au|(R.E. Norris, 1967) Edvardsen, Eikrem & Probert, 2011}} (=Platychrysis neustophila)
Prymnesium pienaarii {{au|(Gayral & Fresnel, 1983) Edvardsen, Eikrem & Probert, 2011}} (=Platychrysis pienaarii)
Prymnesium pigrum {{au|(Geitler, 1930) Edvardsen, Eikrem & Probert, 2011}} (=Platychrysis pigra)
Prymnesium simplex {{au|(Gayral & Fresnel, 1983) Edvardsen, Eikrem & Probert, 2011}} (=Platychrysis simplex)

References

Category:Haptophyte genera