Pseudo-monotone operator

In mathematics, a pseudo-monotone operator from a reflexive Banach space into its continuous dual space is one that is, in some sense, almost as well-behaved as a monotone operator. Many problems in the calculus of variations can be expressed using operators that are pseudo-monotone, and pseudo-monotonicity in turn implies the existence of solutions to these problems.

Definition

Let (X, || ||) be a reflexive Banach space. A map T : X → X from X into its continuous dual space X is said to be pseudo-monotone if T is a bounded operator (not necessarily continuous) and if whenever

:u_{j} \rightharpoonup u \mbox{ in } X \mbox{ as } j \to \infty

(i.e. uj converges weakly to u) and

:\limsup_{j \to \infty} \langle T(u_{j}), u_{j} - u \rangle \leq 0,

it follows that, for all v ∈ X,

:\liminf_{j \to \infty} \langle T(u_{j}), u_{j} - v \rangle \geq \langle T(u), u - v \rangle.

Properties of pseudo-monotone operators

Using a very similar proof to that of the Browder–Minty theorem, one can show the following:

Let (X, || ||) be a real, reflexive Banach space and suppose that T : X → X is bounded, coercive and pseudo-monotone. Then, for each continuous linear functional g ∈ X, there exists a solution u ∈ X of the equation T(u) = g.

References

  • {{cite book

|author1=Renardy, Michael |author2=Rogers, Robert C.

|name-list-style=amp | title = An introduction to partial differential equations

| series = Texts in Applied Mathematics 13

| edition = Second

|publisher = Springer-Verlag

| location = New York

| year = 2004

| pages = 367

| isbn = 0-387-00444-0

}} (Definition 9.56, Theorem 9.57)

{{Functional analysis}}

Category:Banach spaces

Category:Calculus of variations

Category:Operator theory