Pseudowintera traversii

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}

{{Use New Zealand English|date=July 2024}}

{{Speciesbox

| image = Pseudowintera traversii 109442401.jpg

| image_caption = Pseudowintera traversii

| image2 = Pseudowintera traversii.jpg

| image2_alt = illustration of Pseudowintera traversii

| image2_caption = illustration of Pseudowintera traversii

| status = NU

| status_system = NZTCS

| status_ref = {{cite book|last1=de Lange|first1=Peter J.|last2=Rolfe|first2=Jeremy R.|last3=Champion|first3=Paul D.|last4=Courtney|first4=Shannel P.|last5=Heenan|first5=Peter B.|last6=Barkla|first6=John W.|last7=Cameron|first7=Ewen K.|last8=Norton|first8=David A.|last9=Hitchmough|first9=Rodney A.|title=Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2012|date=August 2013|publisher=Publishing Team, Department of Conservation|location=Wellington, NZ|isbn=9780478149951|issn=2324-1713|url=http://www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/science-and-technical/nztcs3entire.pdf|accessdate=5 February 2018|language=English|volume=3|series=New Zealand Threat Classification Series|quote=Naturally Uncommon... Pseudowintera traversii (Buchanan) Dandy Winteraceae Data Poor}}

| genus = Pseudowintera

| species = traversii

| authority = (Buchanan) Dandy 1933

| synonyms = *Drimys traversii T. Kirk 1898

  • Hymenanthera traversii Buchanan (1882 [1883])
  • Wintera monogyna Tiegh. 1900{{cite web|author1=|title=Pseudowintera traversii (Buchanan) Dandy|url=https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id1083959/|website=BioLib|accessdate=1 February 2018|language=English}}
  • Wintera traversii (Buchanan) Cockayne

| synonyms_ref = Hassler M. (2018). World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (version Dec 2017). In: Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi J., Penev L., eds. (2018). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 30th January 2018. Digital resource at http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/8cfa9e142d5990e21beb50cb9e5c5724 . Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. ISSN 2405-8858.

}}

Pseudowintera traversii, sometimes called Travers horopito,{{cite web|last1=Gemmill|first1=Chrissen|last2=Clarkson|first2=Bruce|last3=Green|first3=Allan|last4=Beard|first4=Catherine|last5=Burns|first5=Bruce|last6=Holzapfel|first6=Avi|last7=Hicks|first7=Brendan|title=Winteraceae|url=http://cber.bio.waikato.ac.nz/courses/226/Winteraceae/Winteraceae.html|website=BIOL226C Flora of New Zealand|publisher=University of Waikato|accessdate=6 February 2018|location=Hamilton, New Zealand|language=English|date=1 March 2006|quote=Pseudowintera traversii (Travers horopito) Compactly branched shrub up to 2m tall. Leaves are 2-2.5cm long, ovate-oblong, very thick and coriaceous, dull green above, bluish-green below. Flowers solitary or in pairs. Found only in N.W. Nelson growing on montane forest margins and scrub. Foliage of Pseudowintera traversii, note that the leaves are small and the branching is quite dense}} is a species of woody shrub in the family Winteraceae. The specific epithet traversii is in honor of naturalist Henry H. Travers (1844–1928), son of William Thomas Locke Travers.{{cite journal|last1=Buchanan|first1=John|authorlink1=John Buchanan (botanist)|editor1-last=Hector|editor1-first=James|title=Art. XLI.–Additions to the Flora of New Zealand.|date=9 December 1882|volume=15|page=339|url=http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_15/rsnz_15_00_004900.html|accessdate=7 February 2018|language=English|journal=Transactions of the New Zealand Institute|oclc=1778777|quote=Hymenanthera traversii, Buchanan. A Small glabrous, branched, shrub-tree. Branches rigid, reddish-brown, rough, with viscid secretion; leaves coriaceous, alternate, olive-green, shortly petioled, ¾-1 inch long, obovate, obtuse or acute, covered closely on the back with small silvery-white tubercles, margins reflexed, venation obscure, midrib distinct, stipules very small. Flowers very small, solitary, in the axils of the upper leaves; pedicels short, curved, with small bracts at base; calyx cupular, entire; petals ⅛ inch long, linear obovate or linear oblong, obtuse. This addition to the flora of New Zealand was discovered in the bush, Collingwood district, Nelson, by Mr. H. H. Travers, while on a recent visit there. As an ornamental foliaged plant it may be commended, but from its diminutive inflorescence it can hardly claim a place in the flower border. Plate XXVIII, fig. 1, portion of branch nat. size; 1 a, flower enlarged; 1 b, petal showing glands.}}{{cite journal|last1=Bubelis|first1=Walt|title=New Zealand Plants and their Collectors|journal=Washington Park Arboretum Bulletin|date=Winter 2013|pages=24–25|issn=1046-8749|oclc=487128332|url=https://www.arboretumfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/bubelis-NZ-plants-2.pdf|accessdate=7 February 2018|language=English|quote=He not only helped create the Wellington Botanic Garden but saw his passionate love of nature picked up by his son Henry (1844 -1928), who became a naturalist and professional collector. Henry Travers is responsible for the names Pseudowintera traversii, Veronica traversii, and Pimelea traversii.|archive-date=8 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208123653/https://www.arboretumfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/bubelis-NZ-plants-2.pdf|url-status=dead}}

Description

Pseudowintera traversii is a densely branched shrub growing up to {{convert|2|m}} high. It has coriaceous leaves that are {{convert|2–2.5|cm}} long and ovate or obovate. The leaves are green-blue underneath and matte green on top, close-set and on stout petioles. The leaves may have reddish margins, but lack the picturesque blotches of P. colorata.{{cite journal|last1=Heenan|first1=P. B.|last2=de Lange|first2=P. J.|title=Pseudowintera insperata (Winteraceae), an overlooked and rare new species from northern New Zealand|journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany|date=2006|volume=44|issue=1|pages=89–98|doi=10.1080/0028825X.2006.9513008|s2cid=84044658|language=English|issn=1175-8643}} However they are described as tasting peppery and pungent. The bark is reddish-brown and rough. The green or yellow flowers appear in January,{{cite web|author1=|title=Pseudowintera traversii|url=http://nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.aspx?ID=1202|website=New Zealand Plant Conservation Network|accessdate=6 February 2018|language=English|date=13 January 2014}} growing singly or as doubles, or rarely triples, with 5–7 petals and 4–9 stamens. The fruit appears in February as a fleshy berry, that is purplish-black and {{convert|2–3|mm}} in diameter, containing 3–6 seeds.

Like all species in the family Winteraceae, P. traversii lacks vessels in its xylem.{{cite journal |author=Taylor S. Feild, Tim Brodribb & N. Michele Holbrook |year=2002 |title=Hardly a relict: freezing and the evolution of vesselless wood in Winteraceae |journal=Evolution |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=464–478 |doi=10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[0464:HARFAT]2.0.CO;2 |pmid=11989678 |url=http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/holbrook/papers/hol_EVOL_464.pdf }}

File:Pseudowintera traversii 109442397.jpg|Growth habit

File:Pseudowintera traversii 109442406.jpg|Underside of leaves

File:Pseudowintera traversii (Buchanan) Dandy (AM AK354318).jpg| A specimen from the Auckland War Memorial Museum

{{Infobox genome

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| ploidy = haploid{{cite journal|last1=Hair|first1=J.B.|last2=Beuzenberg|first2=E.J.|title=Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora —7; Miscellaneous families|journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany|date=1966|volume=4|issue=3|pages=255–266|doi=10.1080/0028825X.1966.10429046|language=English|issn=1175-8643|doi-access=free}}

| chromosomes = 43

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Habitat

Like the other species of horopito in Pseudowintera, it is endemic to New Zealand. It is the rarest of the species, and the national government there lists it as "At Risk - Naturally Uncommon." Naturally, it only is found growing in montane shrubland and woodland edges in the South Island in northwest Nelson between Westport and Collingwood.Allen, H. H. 1982: Flora of New Zealand. Volume I. Volume: Indigenous Tracheophyta - Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledons. First electronic edition, Landcare Research, June 2004. Transcr. A.D. Wilton and I.M.L. Andres. https://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/Taxon.aspx?id=_28eba8dd-7c37-405a-98c8-c36333068505&fileName=Flora%201.xml#_28eba8dd-7c37-405a-98c8-c36333068505 . Accessed 5 February 2018. It grows from {{convert|600-1300|m}} in elevation.

Ecology

Pseudowintera traversii shares a pollinator (possibly a thrip) with P. colorata, as natural hybrids have been found where their ranges overlap.{{cite journal|last1=Sampson|first1=F. B.|title=Natural hybridism in Pseudowintera (Winteraceae)|journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany|date=1980|volume=18|issue=1|pages=43–51|doi=10.1080/0028825X.1980.10427230|language=English|issn=1175-8643|doi-access=}} Females of the species Thrips obscuratus (New Zealand flower thrips) have been collected on P. traversii.{{cite journal|last1=Norton|first1=Scott A.|title=Thrips pollination in the lowland forest of New Zealand|journal=New Zealand Journal of Ecology|date=January 1984|volume=7|pages=157–164|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242754889|accessdate=6 February 2018|language=English|format=PDF}}

References

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