Psychopsis
{{short description|Genus of plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Butterfly orchid
| image = Psychopsis papilio 46627904.jpg
| image_caption = Psychopsis papilio
In situ in Trinidad
| display_parents = 3
| taxon = Psychopsis
| authority = Raf.
| synonyms = *Papiliopsis E.Morren ex Cogn. & Marchal
- Papiliopsis E.Morren
| type_species = Psychopsis papilio
}}
[[File:蛾形文心蘭 20190715204348.jpg|thumb|Psychopsis 'Kalihi' (Psychopsis krameriana × Psychopsis papilio
)]]
Psychopsis is a genus of four known species of orchids native to northern South America, Central America and Trinidad.[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=167055 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2009). Epidendroideae (Part two). Genera Orchidacearum 5: 1-585. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford. The genus name is abbreviated Pyp. in the horticultural trade.Alphabetical List of Standard Abbreviations for Natural and Hybrid Generic Names, Royal Horticultural Society, 2017. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/plant-registration-forms/orchid-name-abbreviations-list.pdf
Description
Psychopsis are epiphytic orchids with laterally crushed cylindrical pseudobulbs from which two fleshy coriaceous leaves appear apically, in their center two floral wands emerge with large golden yellow flowers with purple spots on bands in sepals and on the lip whose edges are forming folds.
Psychopsis very often grows on the trunks and branches of trees. The flowers look like large butterflies with brightly colored bodies (the lip, a modified petal), very long antennae-like petals, and outspread wing-like dappled yellow and brown sepals.
The butterfly orchid is rumored to have started the European "Orchidmania" of the 19th century.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}
Very little is known about pollination in Psychopsis. Despite that the flowers are commonly likened to butterflies, they are probably pollinated by some type of bee, not butterflies.{{Cite journal |last=Chase |first=Mark W. |date=2005 |title=520. PSYCHOPSIS LIMMINGHEI: Orchidaceae |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45066088 |journal=Curtis's Botanical Magazine |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=53–55 |doi=10.1111/j.1355-4905.2005.00463.x |jstor=45066088 |issn=1355-4905|url-access=subscription }}
Taxonomy
Psychopsis was formerly included in the massively paraphyletic "wastebin genus" Oncidium within the section Glanduligera, named after the genus's distinctive oil-secreting glands. Orchids in this genus are commonly called butterfly orchids, but some species of other orchid genera are also called thus. The species Psychopsiella limminghei was once included in Psychopsis but is now accepted as its own monotypic genus.{{WCSP | 59120 | Psychopsiella limminghei }}
=Species=
Species currently accepted as of October 2020:
| class="wikitable" | |||
| Image | Name | Distribution | Elevation (m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 120px | Psychopsis krameriana (Rchb.f.) H.G.Jones | Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Suriname | 50 - 1300 |
| 120px | Psychopsis papilio (Lindl.) H.G.Jones | Panama, Trinidad, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil | 800 - 1200 |
| 120px | Psychopsis sanderae (Rolfe) Lückel & Braem | Peru, Brazil | 1220 |
| 120px | Psychopsis versteegiana (Pulle) Lückel & Braem | Suriname, Ecuador | 200 - 1200 |
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Commons-inline|Psychopsis (Orchidaceae)|Psychopsis}}
- {{Wikispecies-inline|Psychopsis (Orchidaceae)|Psychopsis}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2673653}}
Category:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
{{Cymbidieae-stub}}