Psychotria carthagenensis
{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{speciesbox
|image = Gentianales - Psychotria carthagenensis - kew 1.jpg
|image_caption =
|genus = Psychotria
|species = carthagenensis
|authority = Jacq.{{Cite web |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/show_species_details.php?record_id=4087482 |title=Catalogue of Life |access-date=2007-12-29 |archive-date=2008-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080326174720/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/show_species_details.php?record_id=4087482 |url-status=dead }}
|synonyms = * Psychotria carthaginensis (lapsus)
- Psychotria alba
}}
{{external media|image1=Photos: [http://fm2.fieldmuseum.org/vrrc/max/RUBI-psyc-cart-1647120.jpg][http://fm2.fieldmuseum.org/vrrc/max/RUBI-psyc-cart-2181993.jpg][http://fm2.fieldmuseum.org/vrrc/max/RUBI-psyc-cart-1703230.jpg][http://fm2.fieldmuseum.org/vrrc/max/RUBI-psyc-cart-1702258.jpg]
[http://fm2.fieldmuseum.org/vrrc/max/RUBI-psyc-cart-ecu-2171869.jpg][http://fm2.fieldmuseum.org/vrrc/max/RUBI-psyc-cart-2021407.jpg][http://fm2.fieldmuseum.org/vrrc/max/RUBI-psyc-cart-1826743.jpg]}}
Psychotria carthagenensis, also known as amyruca, is a South American rainforest understory shrub from the coffee family, Rubiaceae. It grows from the tropics of South America to Mexico.{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/|title=WCSP |work= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families|access-date=2 April 2010}}
The plant is used in the preparation of the ayahuasca decoction.{{Cite thesis |title=Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in Amazonian hallucinogenic plants : ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological investigations |url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/831/items/1.0096656 |publisher=University of British Columbia |date=1984 |first=Dennis Jon |last=McKenna}}
Pharmacological studies
A study in 1972 based in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method determined the presence of the alkaloids N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), N-monomethyltryptamine (MMT) and 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-β-carboline (MTHC) in the leaves.{{Cite journal |last1=Rivier |first1=Laurent |last2=Lindgren |first2=Jan-Erik |date=1972 |title="Ayahuasca," the South American Hallucinogenic Drink: An Ethnobotanical and Chemical Investigation |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4253328 |journal=Economic Botany |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=101–129 |doi=10.1007/BF02860772 |jstor=4253328 |bibcode=1972EcBot..26..101R |issn=0013-0001}}
In a study in 1994 on ethanol extracts of the leaves showed negative results for the presence of alkaloids.{{cite journal|title= Absence of alkaloids in Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq. (Rubiaceae).|pmid=8941866 | volume=54|pages=37–40 | last1 = Leal | first1 = MB | last2 = Elisabetsky | first2 = E | journal=J Ethnopharmacol |year=1996 |issue=1 | doi=10.1016/0378-8741(96)01448-1}} Later, a phytochemical analysis in 2022 on aqueous extracts of the leaves demonstrated the presences of alkaloids.{{Cite journal |last1=Nascimento |first1=Giovana Coutinho Zulin |last2=Rivero-Wendt |first2=Carla Letícia Gediel |last3=Miranda-Vilela |first3=Ana Luisa |last4=Dourado |first4=Doroty Mesquita |last5=Facco |first5=Gilberto Gonçalves |last6=Olivon |first6=Vania Cláudia |last7=Porto |first7=Karla Rejane de Andrade |last8=Roel |first8=Antonia Railda |last9=Nunes |first9=Vania Lucia Brandão |last10=Oliveira |first10=Ademir Kleber Morbeck |last11=Matias |first11=Rosemary |date=2021-04-08 |title=Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential and lack of toxicity of Psychotria carthagenensis infusions |url=https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/14059 |journal=Research, Society and Development |language=en |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=e22810414059 |doi=10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14059 |issn=2525-3409|doi-access=free }}
Hybridisation
Psychotria carthagenensis has been hybridised with the closely related P. viridis, by Australian nurseryman and scientist Darren Williams. The cultivar Nexus was created in 2008, sold by the nursery Herbalistics, resulting in a plant with greater cold tolerance, increased growth rate.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{commons cat}}
- [http://www.catalogueoflife.org/show_species_details.php?record_id=4087482 Catalogue of Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080326174720/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/show_species_details.php?record_id=4087482 |date=2008-03-26 }}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7256517}}
Category:Herbal and fungal hallucinogens
Category:Psychedelic tryptamine carriers
Category:Taxa named by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin
{{Rubiaceae-stub}}
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