Pulasan

The name pulasan comes from the Malay word pulas (twist), related to the Visayan pulas (take off, remove) and Tagalog pilas (rip, tear). The fruit is opened through the act of twisting the fruit with both hands, thus the name pulasan.

The pulasan tree is an ornamental. It attains a height of 10–15 m and has a short trunk to 30–40 cm thick. The branchlets are brown and hairy when young. The alternate leaves, pinnate or odd-pinnate, are 17–45 cm long, have 2 to 5 pairs of opposite or nearly opposite leaflets, are oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 6.25-17.5 cm long and up to 5 cm wide; slightly wavy, dark-green and barely glossy on the upper surface; pale, and somewhat bluish, with a few short, silky hairs on the underside. Very small, greenish, petalless flowers with 4-5 hairy sepals are borne singly or in clusters on the branches of the erect, axillary or terminal, panicles clothed with fine yellowish or brownish hairs.{{Cite journal |last=T. K. |first=Kim |date=February 15, 2013 |title=Fruits |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_a9EAAAAQBAJ&dq=pulasan&pg=PA76 |journal=Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants |volume=9 |pages=75–78 |via=Google Books}}

The pulasan is ultra-tropical and thrives only in humid regions between 360 and 1,150 ft (110–350 m) of altitude. In Malaysia, it is said that the tree bears best after a long, dry season.

The fruit is ovoid, 5-7.5 cm long, dark red, with its thick, leathery rind closely set with conical, blunt-tipped tubercles or thick, fleshy, straight spines, which are up to 1 cm long. There may be one or two small, undeveloped fruits nestled close to the stem. Within is the glistening, white or yellowish-white flesh (aril) to 1 cm thick, more or less clinging to the thin, grayish-brown seedcoat (testa) which separates from the seed. The flavor is generally much sweeter than that of the rambutan. The seed is ovoid, oblong or ellipsoid, light brown, somewhat flattened on one side, and 2 to 3.5 cm long.

While similar to rambutan, the fruit lacks the hairy spines. The flesh is sweet and juicy, and separates easily from the seed, much more easily than the rambutan. In addition, unlike the seed of the rambutan, the seed of the pulasan is readily edible raw. It has a flavor somewhat like that of almonds.

The pulasan is native to Malay Peninsula and other parts of tropical Southeast Asia. Wild trees are infrequent in lowland forests around Perak, Malaysia but abundant in the Philippines at low elevations from Luzon to Mindanao. The tree has long been cultivated in the Malay Peninsula and Thailand; is rarely domesticated in the Philippines. Ochse reported that there were extensive plantings in Java only around Bogor and the villages along the railway between Bogor and the capital Jakarta.{{Cite web |title=Nephelium ramboutan-ake - Useful Tropical Plants |url=https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Nephelium+ramboutan-ake&redir=Nephelium+mutabile |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=tropical.theferns.info}}

The tree was planted at the Trujillo Plant Propagation Station in Puerto Rico in 1926 and young trees from Java were sent to the Lancetilla Experimental Garden, Tela, Honduras, in 1927. The latter were said in 1945 to be doing well at Tela and fruiting moderately. The pulasan is little known elsewhere in the New World except in Costa Rica where it is occasionally grown and the fruits sometimes appear on the market.

Image:PulasanMuda.JPG

Like its relatives, pulasan can be propagated by seed and grafting methods.Love, K. Tropical Fruit Tree Propagation Guide. CTAHR Fruit, Nut, and Beverage Crops, R. Paull, A. Cho, & A. Kawabata, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources University of Hawaii at Manoa, July 2017, https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/F_N-49.pdf Grafting is a common practice among horticulturalists that often is a proactive method of preventing disease, by using healthy rootstocks. Though starting by seed can be successful, most producers will not use this method of propagation due to variation in gender, which causes chance in having an actual fruiting tree.

Of the pulasan flower parts, the anther cannot open on its own; this means that the plant cannot pollinate itself.{{Cite journal|last1=Djuita|first1=Nina Ratna|last2=Hartana|first2=Alex|last3=Chikmawati|first3=Tatik|last4=Dorly|first4=D.|date=2016-07-25|title=Pulasan [(Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.] fruit trees: variations in flower morphology, and associated differences in pollination type|url=http://www.pagepress.org/journals/index.php/pb/article/view/6149|journal=International Journal of Plant Biology|language=en|volume=7|issue=1|page=6149 |doi=10.4081/pb.2016.6149|issn=2037-0164|doi-access=free}} Certain trees will have hermaphrodite flowers, and others will have staminate flowers. Generally this means hermaphrodites will take on female roles as the staminates take male, in the pollination process.

Pulasan skin is unique for its color; it offers a natural dye, one that has recently been the specimen of studies dealing with electrical conductivity and its potential in renewable energy (see OSC's).{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299400542|title=Poly (3-Dodecylthiophene)/Natural Dye Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cell: An Electrical Conductivity, and Hall Effect Study (PDF Download Available)|website=ResearchGate|language=en|access-date=2017-11-08}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272510330|title=LAILY umtas MSP14 (PDF Download Available)|website=ResearchGate|language=en|access-date=2017-11-08}}

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Category:Nephelium

Category:Edible fruits