Punjabi Braille
{{Short description|Braille alphabet used in India for Punjabi}}
{{Infobox writing system
| name = Punjabi Braille
| altname = Gurmukhi Braille
| type = Alphabet
| typedesc =
| time =
| languages = Punjabi language
| fam1 = Braille
| fam2 = English Braille
| fam3 = Northern
| print = Gurmukhi alphabet
| sample =
| imagesize =
| ipa-note = none
| footnotes = Indic
}}
Punjabi Braille is the braille alphabet used in India for Punjabi. It is one of the easiest alphabets, and largely conforms to the letter values of the other Northern alphabets.[http://www.pharmabraille.com/LiteratureRetrieve.aspx?ID=122064 World Braille Usage], UNESCO, −2013
Alphabet
The alphabet is as follows: Vowel letters are used rather than diacritics, and they occur after consonants in their spoken order.UNESCO (2013) [http://www.pharmabraille.com/LiteratureRetrieve.aspx?ID=122064 World Braille Usage], 3rd edition. For orthographic conventions, see Bharati Braille.
| class="wikitable Unicode" style="text-align:center;" | ||||||||||
| Gurmukhi
| ਅ || ਆ || ਇ || ਈ || ਉ || ਊ || ਏ || ਐ || ਓ || ਔ | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | a | ā | i | ī | u | ū | ē | e | ō | o |
| Braille (Image)
| {{Braille cell|type=image|1}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|453}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|42}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|53}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|136}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|1256}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|15}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|43}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|153}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|426}} | ||||||||||
| Braille (Inline)
| {{Braille cell|1}} || {{Braille cell|453}} || {{Braille cell|42}} || {{Braille cell|53}} || {{Braille cell|136}} || {{Braille cell|1256}} || {{Braille cell|15}} || {{Braille cell|43}} || {{Braille cell|153}} || {{Braille cell|426}} |
| class="wikitable Unicode" style="text-align:center;" | |||||
| Gurmukhi
| ਕ || ਖ || ਗ || ਘ || ਙ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | k | kh | g | gh | ṅ |
| Braille (Image)
| {{Braille cell|type=image|13}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|46}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|1425}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|126}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|436}} | |||||
| Braille (Inline)
| {{Braille cell|13}} || {{Braille cell|46}} || {{Braille cell|1425}} || {{Braille cell|126}} || {{Braille cell|436}} |
| class="wikitable Unicode" style="text-align:center;" | |||||
| Gurmukhi
| ਚ || ਛ || ਜ || ਝ || ਞ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | c | ch | j | jh | ñ |
| Braille (Image)
| {{Braille cell|type=image|14}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|16}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|425}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|536}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|25}} | |||||
| Braille (Inline)
| {{Braille cell|14}} || {{Braille cell|16}} || {{Braille cell|425}} || {{Braille cell|536}} || {{Braille cell|25}} |
| class="wikitable Unicode" style="text-align:center;" | |||||
| Gurmukhi
| ਟ || ਠ || ਡ || ਢ || ਣ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | ṭ | ṭh | ḍ | ḍh | ṇ |
| Braille (Image)
| {{Braille cell|type=image|42536}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|4256}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|1426}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|142536}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|4536}} | |||||
| Braille (Inline)
| {{Braille cell|42536}} || {{Braille cell|4256}} || {{Braille cell|1426}} || {{Braille cell|142536}} || {{Braille cell|4536}} |
| class="wikitable Unicode" style="text-align:center;" | |||||
| Gurmukhi
| ਤ || ਥ || ਦ || ਧ || ਨ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | t | th | d | dh | n |
| Braille (Image)
| {{Braille cell|type=image|4253}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|1456}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|145}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|4236}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|1453}} | |||||
| Braille (Inline)
| {{Braille cell|4253}} || {{Braille cell|1456}} || {{Braille cell|145}} || {{Braille cell|4236}} || {{Braille cell|1453}} |
| class="wikitable Unicode" style="text-align:center;" | |||||
| Gurmukhi
| ਪ || ਫ || ਬ || ਭ || ਮ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | p | ph | b | bh | m |
| Braille (Image)
| {{Braille cell|type=image|1423}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|253}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|12}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|45}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|143}} | |||||
| Braille (Inline)
| {{Braille cell|1423}} || {{Braille cell|253}} || {{Braille cell|12}} || {{Braille cell|45}} || {{Braille cell|143}} |
| class="wikitable Unicode" style="text-align:center;" | ||||
| Gurmukhi
| ਯ || ਰ || ਲ || ਵ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | y | r | l | v |
| Braille (Image)
| {{Braille cell|type=image|14536}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|1253}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|123}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|1236}} | ||||
| Braille (Inline)
| {{Braille cell|14536}} || {{Braille cell|1253}} || {{Braille cell|123}} || {{Braille cell|1236}} |
| class="wikitable Unicode" style="text-align:center;" | |||
| Gurmukhi
| ਸ || ਹ || ੜ | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | s | h | ṛ Unesco (2013) also has {{Braille cell|5|14256}} for ੜ੍ਹ ṛh, but this is an apparent copy error: ੜ੍ਹ is a sequence ṛ-h, not the equivalent of the single letter ṛh in other Indic scripts. |
| Braille (Image)
| {{Braille cell|type=image|423}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|125}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|12456}} | |||
| Braille (inline)
| {{Braille cell|423}} || {{Braille cell|125}} || {{Braille cell|12456}} |
=Pointing=
The Bharati point, {{Braille cell|5|type=text}}, is only used to derive one consonant, ਗ਼ ġa {{IPA|/ɣə/}}, from the base consonant letter ਗ ga {{IPA|/ɡə/}}. This system also operates in Hindi Braille and Indian Urdu Braille, but the Punjabi Braille alphabet is closer to Indian Urdu, as all other consonants that are pointed in print, such as ਖ਼ xa, are rendered with dedicated letters in braille based on international values. The six pointed letters in the Gurmukhi script have the following equivalents in braille:
| class="wikitable Unicode" style="text-align:center;" | ||||||
| Gurmukhi
| ਖ਼ || ਗ਼ || ਜ਼ || ਫ਼ || ਲ਼ || ਸ਼ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | x | ġ | z | f | ḷ | ś |
| Braille (Image)
| {{Braille cell|type=image|x}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|5|g}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|z}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|f}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|ll}} || {{Braille cell|type=image|sh}} | ||||||
| Braille (Inline)
| {{Braille cell|x}} || {{Braille cell|5|g}} || {{Braille cell|z}} || {{Braille cell|f}} || {{Braille cell|ll}} || {{Braille cell|sh}} |
=Codas=
Points are used for syllable codas.
| class="wikitable Unicode" style="text-align:center;" | ||||
| Gurmukhi
|colspan=2| ਕ੍ ||colspan=2| ਕਂ ||colspan=2| ਕਃ ||colspan=2| ਕਁ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diacritics | colspan=2| Halant | colspan=2| Anusvara | colspan=2| Visarga | colspan=2| Candrabindu |
| Braille (Image)
|colspan=2| {{Braille cell|type=image|4}} ||colspan=2| {{Braille cell|type=image|56}} ||colspan=2| {{Braille cell|type=image|6}} ||colspan=2| {{Braille cell|type=image|3}} | ||||
| Braille (Inline)
|colspan=2| {{Braille cell|4}} ||colspan=2| {{Braille cell|56}} ||colspan=2| {{Braille cell|6}} ||colspan=2| {{Braille cell|3}} |