Purging disorder

{{Short description|Type of eating disorder}}

Purging disorder is an eating disorder, more specifically a form of other specified feeding or eating disorder.{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse |title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 |date=2013 |publisher=American Psychiatric Association |isbn=978-0-89042-554-1 |location=Arlington, VA}} It is characterised by the DSM-5 as self-induced vomiting, or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to forcefully evacuate matter from the body. The lifetime prevalence (percentage of individuals in a population who have experienced the disorder at any point in their lives) of purging disorder has been estimated from 1.1% to 5.3%.{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Kathryn E. |last2=Crowther |first2=Janis H. |last3=Lavender |first3=Jason M. |date=2018 |title=A review of purging disorder through meta-analysis |journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology |volume=126 |issue=5 |pages=565–592 |doi=10.1037/abn0000243 |issn=1939-1846 |pmc=5741973 |pmid=28691846}}

Purging disorder differs from bulimia nervosa (BN) because individuals do not consume a large amount of food (also called a binge) prior to purging.

Some of the signs of this disorder include trips to the bathroom directly after a meal, frequent use of laxatives, and obsession over one's appearance and weight. Other signs, all which are the result of excessive vomiting, consist of swollen cheeks, popped blood vessels in the eyes, and clear teeth.{{cite web |last1=Carcieri |first1=Elisha |year=2019 |title=Purging Disorder |url=https://mirror-mirror.org/eating-disorders-2-2/purging-disorder |website=Mirror-Mirror}}{{cite news |date=19 September 2007 |title=Little-known purging disorder is often missed |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/20874033 |work=NBC News |agency=Associated Press}}{{dead link|date=August 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

Purging disorder is studied far less than other eating disorders{{cite journal |last1=Surgenor |first1=Lois J. |author-link=Lois Surgenor |last2=Fear |first2=Jennifer L. |date=December 1998 |title=Eating disorder in a transgendered patient: A case report |url= |journal=International Journal of Eating Disorders |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=449–452 |doi=10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199812)24:4<449::aid-eat14>3.0.co;2-w |pmid=9813772 |id={{ProQuest|211126302}}}} hence little information is known about the risk factors, including the effect of gender, race, and class. However, as with most eating disorders, it disproportionately affects women, preoccupation with shape and weight puts this group at elevated risk for eating disorders, including this one. In one study of the risk factors for purging disorder, 77% of the participants who presented with symptoms of purging disorder were female.{{cite journal |last1=Allen |first1=Karina L. |last2=Byrne |first2=Susan M. |last3=Crosby |first3=Ross D. |date=19 September 2014 |title=Distinguishing Between Risk Factors for Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder, and Purging Disorder |url=https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/distinguishing-between-risk-factors-for-bulimia-nervosa-binge-eating-disorder-and-purging-disorder(46e01bca-4ccb-4ead-9ab6-50741d05f22c).html |journal=Journal of Youth and Adolescence |volume=44 |issue=8 |pages=1580–1591 |doi=10.1007/s10964-014-0186-8 |pmid=25233874 |s2cid=28204545}}

It has been argued that purging disorder should be considered a distinct eating disorder, separate from bulimia nervosa.{{Cite journal |last1=Castillo |first1=Marigold |last2=Weiselberg |first2=Eric |date=2017-04-01 |title=Bulimia Nervosa/Purging Disorder |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1538544217300482 |journal=Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care |language=en |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=85–94 |doi=10.1016/j.cppeds.2017.02.004 |issn=1538-5442 |pmid=28532966}}{{Cite journal |last1=Keel |first1=Pamela K. |last2=Striegel-Moore |first2=Ruth H. |date=2009 |editor-last=Walsh |editor-first=B. Timothy |title=The validity and clinical utility of purging disorder |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/eat.20718 |journal=International Journal of Eating Disorders |language=en |volume=42 |issue=8 |pages=706–719 |doi=10.1002/eat.20718 |pmid=19642215}}{{Cite journal |last=Keel |first=Pamela K. |date=2007 |title=Purging disorder: subthreshold variant or full-threshold eating disorder? |journal=The International Journal of Eating Disorders |volume=40 Suppl |pages=S89–94 |doi=10.1002/eat.20453 |issn=0276-3478 |pmid=17868124 |doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal |last1=Koch |first1=Sonja |last2=Quadflieg |first2=Norbert |last3=Rief |first3=Winfried |last4=Fichter |first4=Manfred |date=2013 |title=[Purging disorder--a distinct diagnosis? Review about the current state of research] |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23382033 |journal=Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie |language=de |volume=63 |issue=8 |pages=305–317 |doi=10.1055/s-0032-1331212 |issn=1439-1058 |pmid=23382033}}