Pycnodontidae
{{Short description|Extinct family of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Middle Jurassic|Priabonian}}
| image = Pycnodus platessus.jpg
| image_caption = Specimen of Pycnodus apodus
| taxon = Pycnodontidae
| authority = Agassiz, 1835
| type_genus = {{extinct}}Pycnodus
| type_genus_authority = Agassiz, 1835
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = See text
}}
Pycnodontidae is an extinct family of ray-finned fishes, ranging from the Jurassic period until the Late Eocene.{{Cite journal |last1=Voss |first1=Manja |last2=Antar |first2=Mohammed Sameh M. |last3=Zalmout |first3=Iyad S. |last4=Gingerich |first4=Philip D. |date=2019-01-09 |title=Stomach contents of the archaeocete Basilosaurus isis: Apex predator in oceans of the late Eocene |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=e0209021 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0209021 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=6326415 |pmid=30625131|bibcode=2019PLoSO..1409021V }} It was the largest and most derived family of the successful Mesozoic fish order Pycnodontiformes, and one of only two families (alongside the Serrasalmimidae) to survive into the Cenozoic.{{Cite journal |last1=Vullo |first1=Romain |last2=Cavin |first2=Lionel |last3=Khalloufi |first3=Bouziane |last4=Amaghzaz |first4=Mbarek |last5=Bardet |first5=Nathalie |last6=Jalil |first6=Nour-Eddine |last7=Jourani |first7=Essaid |last8=Khaldoune |first8=Fatima |last9=Gheerbrant |first9=Emmanuel |date=2017-07-28 |title=A unique Cretaceous–Paleogene lineage of piranha-jawed pycnodont fishes |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=6802 |doi=10.1038/s41598-017-06792-x |pmid=28754956 |issn=2045-2322|pmc=5533729 |bibcode=2017NatSR...7.6802V }}
Genera
The following genera are known:{{Cite web |title=PBDB Taxon |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=txn:63115 |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=paleobiodb.org}}
- Family Pycnodontidae Agassiz, 1835
- Acrotemnus Agassiz, 1843 (=Macropycnodon Shimada et al., 2010){{Cite journal |last1=Shimada |first1=Kenshu |last2=Portillo |first2=Diane S. |last3=Cronin |first3=Timothy J. |date=2021-08-01 |title=A new pycnodont specimen (Actinopterygii: Pycnodontiformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA, confirming the bony fish genus Macropycnodon as a junior synonym of Acrotemnus |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667121000446 |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=124 |pages=104797 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104797 |bibcode=2021CrRes.12404797S |issn=0195-6671|url-access=subscription }}
- ?Agassizilia Cooper & Martill, 2020{{Cite journal |last1=Cooper |first1=Samuel L. A. |last2=Martill |first2=David M. |date=2020-08-01 |title=A diverse assemblage of pycnodont fishes (Actinopterygii, Pycnodontiformes) from the mid-Cretaceous, continental Kem Kem Group of south-east Morocco |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667120300136 |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=112 |pages=104456 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104456 |bibcode=2020CrRes.11204456C |issn=0195-6671|url-access=subscription }}
- Akromystax Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2005{{Cite journal |last1=Poyato-Ariza |first1=Francisco José |last2=Wenz |first2=Sylvie |date=2005-03-11 |title=Akromystax tilmachiton gen. et sp. nov., a new pycnodontid fish from the Lebanese Late Cretaceous of Haqel and En Nammoura |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634%282005%29025%5B0027%3AATGESN%5D2.0.CO%3B2 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=27–45 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0027:ATGESN]2.0.CO;2 |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}
- Anomoeodus Forir, 1887
- Apomesodon Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2002{{cite journal |last1=Poyato-Ariza |first1=Francisco |last2=Wenz |first2=Sylvie |date=January 2002 |title=A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40662849 |journal=Geodiversitas |access-date=10 November 2023}}
- Athrodon Sauvage, 1880
- Brauccipycnodus Taverne & Capasso, 2021{{Cite journal |last1=Taverne |first1=Louis |last2=Capasso |first2=Luigi |date=2021 |title=Osteology and relationships of Brauccipycnodus pillae gen. nov. from the Albian (Lower Cretaceous) of Pietraroja (Campania, southern Italy) |url=https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2021/articlereference.2022-03-11.2843111268 |journal=Geo-Eco-Trop |volume=45 |pages=161–175}}
- Coelodus Heckel, 1854
- Costapycnodus Taverne, Capasso & del Re, 2019{{Cite web |title=The pycnodont fishes from the Lower Cretaceous of the Capo d'Orlando, near Castellammare di Stabia (Naples, Campania, southern Italy), with the description of the new genus Costapycnodus |url=https://ricerca.unich.it/handle/11564/705534 |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=ricerca.unich.it}}
- Gregoriopycnodus Taverne, Capasso & del Re, 2020{{Cite web |title=Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Gregoriopycnodus bassanii gen. nov., a pycnodont fish (Pycnodontidae) from the marine Albian (Lower Cretaceous) of Pietraroja (southern Italy) |url=https://www.museiscienzenaturaliefisiche.it/it/pubblicazioni/33-osteology-and-phylogenetic-relationships-of-gregoriopycnodus-bassanii-gen-nov-a-pycnodont-fish-pycnodontidae-from-the-marine-albian-lower-cretaceous-of-pietraroja-southern-italy.html |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=www.museiscienzenaturaliefisiche.it}}
- Haqelpycnodus Taverne & Capasso, 2018{{Cite web |title=Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Haqelpycnodus picteti gen. and sp. nov., a new pycnodont fish genus (Pycnodontidae) from the marine Late cCretaceous tropical sea of Lebanon |url=https://ricerca.unich.it/handle/11564/705549 |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=ricerca.unich.it}}
- Iemanja Wenz, 1989
- Libanopycnodus Taverne & Capasso, 2018{{Cite journal |last1=Taverne |first1=Louis |last2=Capasso |first2=Luigi |date=2018-03-28 |title=Osteology and relationships of Libanopycnodus wenzi gen. et sp. nov. and Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov. (Pycnodontiformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Lebanon |url=https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/548 |journal=European Journal of Taxonomy |language=en |issue=420 |doi=10.5852/ejt.2018.420 |issn=2118-9773}}
- Macromesodon Blake, 1905
- Micropycnodon Hibbard & Graffham, 1945
- Njoerdichthys Cawley, Lehmann, Wiese & Kriwet, 2020{{Cite journal |last1=Cawley |first1=John |last2=Lehmann |first2=Jens |last3=Wiese |first3=Frank |last4=Kriwet |first4=Jürgen |date=2020-12-01 |title=Njoerdichthys dyckerhoffi gen. et sp. nov. (Pycnodontiformes, lower Turonian) northward migration caused by the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=116 |pages=104590 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104590 |issn=0195-6671 |pmc=7611863 |pmid=34690488|bibcode=2020CrRes.11604590C }}
- Nonaphalagodus Thurmond, 1974
- Ocloedus Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2002
- Omphalodus von Meyer, 1847
- Polypsephis Hay, 1899 (=Microdon Agassiz 1833 (preoccupied))
- Potiguara Machado & Brito, 2006{{Cite journal |last1=Machado |first1=Lúcio Paulo C. |last2=Brito |first2=Paulo M. |date=2006-03-30 |title=The new genus Potiguara (Actinopterygii: Pycnodontiformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of northeast Brazil |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634%282006%2926%5B1%3ATNGPAP%5D2.0.CO%3B2 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[1:TNGPAP]2.0.CO;2 |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}
- Pycnomicrodon Hibbard and Graffham, 1941
- Rhinopycnodus Taverne & Capasso, 2013{{Cite journal |last1=Taverne |first1=Louis |last2=Capasso |first2=Luigi |date=2013-12-04 |title=Osteology and relationships of Rhinopycnodus gabriellae gen. et sp. nov. (Pycnodontiformes) from the marine Late Cretaceous of Lebanon |url=https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/190 |journal=European Journal of Taxonomy |language=en |issue=67 |doi=10.5852/ejt.2013.67 |issn=2118-9773}}
- Sigmapycnodus Taverne & Capasso, 2018
- Sphaerodus Agassiz, 1843
- Stemmatodus Heckel, 1856
- Stenamara Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2000{{Cite journal |last1=Poyato-Ariza |first1=Francisco Jose |last2=Wenz |first2=Sylvie |date=2000 |title=A new pycnodontiform fish from the Early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas (Cuenca, Spain) |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/sgf/bsgf/article/171/2/251/88227/A-new-pycnodontiform-fish-from-the-Early |access-date=2024-06-01 |journal=Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France |volume=171 |issue=2 |pages=251–258 |doi=10.2113/171.2.251|url-access=subscription }}
- Tahnaichthys Pacheco-Ordaz, Mejía & Alvarado-Ortega, 2025{{Cite journal |last1=Pacheco-Ordaz |first1=Stephanie |last2=Mejía |first2=Omar |last3=Alvarado-Ortega |first3=Jesús |date=2025-02-01 |title=Tahnaichthys magnuserrata gen. and sp. nov., a double-hump pycnodontid (Actinopterygii, Pycnodontiformes) fish from the Albian limestones of the Tlayúa Quarry, Puebla, Mexico |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0895981124004991 |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |volume=152 |pages=105277 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2024.105277 |bibcode=2025JSAES.15205277P |issn=0895-9811|url-access=subscription }}
- Tepexichthys Applegate, 1992
- Texasensis Özdikmen, 2009 (=Callodus Thurmond, 1974 (preoccupied)){{Cite journal |last=Özdikmen |first=H. |date=2009-01-06 |title=Texasensis nom. nov., a new name for the preoccupied fossil fish genus Callodus Thurmond, 1974 (Osteichthyes: Pycnodontiformes) |url=https://www.munisentzool.org/Issue/abstract/texasensis-nom-nov-a-new-name-for-the-preoccupied-fossil-fish-genus-callodus-thurmond-1974-osteichthyes-pycnodontiformes_223 |journal=Texasensis Nom. Nov., A New Name for the Preoccupied Fossil Fish Genus Callodus Thurmond, 1974 (Osteichthyes: Pycnodontiformes) |language=en |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=616 |issn=1306-3022}}
- Typodus Quenstedt, 1858 (=Mesodon Wagner, 1851)
- "Xinjiangodus" Zhou et al., 2023{{Cite journal |last1=Zhou |first1=Xiaohu |last2=You |first2=Jiyuan |last3=Jin |first3=Jun |last4=Feng |first4=Qiao |last5=Luo |first5=Zhengjiang |last6=Hu |first6=Jinxin |last7=Li |first7=Yongjie |date=2023-09-02 |title=A minute freshwater pycnodont fish from the Late Cretaceous on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin: Palaeoecological implications |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2022.2099274 |journal=Historical Biology |language=en |volume=35 |issue=9 |pages=1528–1535 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2099274 |bibcode=2023HBio...35.1528Z |issn=0891-2963|url-access=subscription }} (junior homonym)
- Subfamily Proscinetinae
- Neoproscinetes de Figueiredo & Silva Santos, 1990
- Proscinetes Gistl, 1848
- ?Thiollierepycnodus Ebert, 2020{{Cite journal |author=Martin Ebert |year=2020 |title=A new genus of Pycnodontidae (Actinopterygii) from the Upper Jurassic of France and Germany, included in a phylogeny of Pycnodontiformes |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=188 |issue=2 |pages=434–454 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz087 |doi-access=free}}
- ?Turbomesodon Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2004
- Turboscinetes Ebert, 2016
- Subfamily Nursalliinae
- Abdobalistum Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2002
- Flagellipinna Cawley & Kriwet, 2019{{Cite journal |last1=Cawley |first1=John Joseph |last2=Kriwet |first2=Jürgen |date=2019-03-04 |title=A new genus and species of pycnodontid fish Flagellipinna rhomboides, gen. et sp. nov. (Neopterygii, Pycnodontiformes), from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Lebanon, with notes on juvenile form and ecology |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=e1614012 |bibcode=2019JVPal..39E4012C |doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1614012 |issn=0272-4634 |pmc=6817322 |pmid=31709027}}
- Neomesturus Cooper & Martill 2020
- Nursallia Blot, 1987
- Palaeobalistum Blainville 1818
- Paranursallia Taverne et al. 2015{{Cite journal |last1=Taverne |first1=Louis |last2=Layeb |first2=Mohsen |last3=Layeb-Tounsi |first3=Yosra |last4=Gaudant |first4=Jean |date=2015 |title=Paranursallia spinosa n. gen., n. sp., a new Upper Cretaceous pycnodontiform fish from the Eurafrican Mesogea |url=https://bioone.org/journals/geodiversitas/volume-37/issue-2/g2015n2a3/Paranursallia-spinosa-n-gen-n-sp-a-new-Upper-Cretaceous/10.5252/g2015n2a3.full |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=215–227 |doi=10.5252/g2015n2a3 |bibcode=2015Geodv..37..215T |issn=1280-9659}}
- Subfamily Pycnodontinae
- Agoultpycnodus Taverne & Capasso, 2021{{Cite journal |last1=Taverne |first1=Louis |last2=Capasso |first2=Luigi |date=2021 |title=Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Agoultpycnodus aldrovandii gen. and sp. nov., a new pycnodont fish genus (Pycnodontidae) from the marine Late Cretaceous of Morocco. |url=https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/library-1/rbins-staff-publications-2021/articlereference.2022-03-11.4857983115 |journal=Geo-Eco-Trop |volume=45 |pages=487–495}}
- Oropycnodus Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2002
- Polazzodus Poyato-Ariza 2010
- Pycnodus Agassiz, 1835
- Scalacurvichthys Cawley & Kriwet, 2017{{cite journal |last1=Cawley |first1=John |last2=Kriwet |first2=Jürgen |date=14 June 2017 |title=A new pycnodont fish, Scalacurvichthys naishi gen. et sp. nov., from the Late Cretaceous of Israel |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=16 |issue=8 |pages=659–673 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2017.1330772 |pmc=5849399 |pmid=29551954}}
- Sylvienodus Poyato-Ariza, 2013{{Cite journal |last=Poyato-Ariza |first=Francisco José |date=2013 |title=Sylvienodus, a new replacement genus for the Cretaceous pycnodontiform fish "Pycnodus" laveirensis |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2013.01.001 |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=91–100 |bibcode=2013CRPal..12...91P |doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2013.01.001 |issn=1631-0683|url-access=subscription }}
- Tergestinia Capasso, 2000
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
{{Pycnodontiformes}}
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Category:Jurassic first appearances
Category:Priabonian extinctions
Category:Prehistoric ray-finned fish families
Category:Taxa named by Louis Agassiz
Category:Long stubs with short prose
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