Qa (Mongolic)#Mongolian language
{{Short description|Letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages}}
Qa is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.{{Cite web |title=The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts |url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/ch13.pdf |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=www.unicode.org}}{{Rp|pages=549–551}}
Mongolian language
{{Wiktionary|ᠬ}}
{{Main|Mongolian script|Mongolian writing systems|Mongolian language}}
{{Infobox Mongolian script letter
|heading = Qa
|image = File:Mongolian letter Qa (isolated form).svg
|size = 120px
}}
class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; display: inline-table;"
! colspan="7" style="text-align: left" |C-V syllables{{Rp|page=15}}{{Cite book |last=Skorodumova |first=L. G. |url=http://altaica.ru/manuals/skorodumova_staromong.pdf |title=Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk |year=2000 |publisher=Muravey-Gayd |isbn=5-8463-0015-4 |language=ru |script-title=ru:Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык}}{{Rp|page=19}} |
style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|q{{nbh}}a}}
! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|qa}} ! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|ke}} ! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|ki}} ! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|qo}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|qu}} ! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|kö}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|kü}} ! style="text-align: left" |Transliteration |
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rowspan="2" |—
| rowspan="2" |{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}{{Break}}{{NoteTag|As in {{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}/{{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ{{mvs}}ᠠ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}} {{Transliteration|Mong|qa}}/{{Transliteration|Mong|qamiɣ{{nbh}}a}} (Khalkha: {{Lang|khk-Cyrl|хаа}} {{Transliteration|khk|khaa}}) 'where'.{{Refn|name=Lessing1960|{{Cite book |last=Lessing |first=Ferdinand |url=http://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/mong/Lessing.pdf |title=Mongolian-English Dictionary |year=1960 |publisher=University of California Press |language=en}} Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations {{Transliteration|Mong|c}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|ø}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|x}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|y}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|z}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|ai}}, and {{Transliteration|Mong|ei}}; instead of {{Transliteration|Mong|č}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|ö}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|q}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|ü}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|ǰ}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|ayi}}, and {{Transliteration|Mong|eyi}};{{Rp|page=xii}} as well as problematically and incorrectly treats {{Em|all}} rounded vowels ({{Transliteration|Mong|o/u/ö/ü}}) after the initial syllable as {{Transliteration|Mong|u}} or {{Transliteration|Mong|ü}}.{{Refn|{{Cite web |title=Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription |url=https://collab.its.virginia.edu/wiki/tibetan-script/Mongolian%20Transliteration%20&%20Transcription.html |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=collab.its.virginia.edu}}}}}}{{Rp|pages=895, 923}}}} | rowspan="2" |{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠡ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}{{Break}}{{NoteTag|As in {{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠡ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}/{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠡᠭᠡ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}/{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠨ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} {{Transliteration|Mong|ke/kege/kegen}} (Khalkha: {{Lang|khk-Cyrl|хээ}} {{Transliteration|khk|khee}}) 'pattern, piping, design, stamp'.{{Refn|name=Lessing1960}}{{Rp|pages=438, 442}}}} | rowspan="2" |{{Gray|{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠢ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}}}{{Break}}{{NoteTag|See the separated {{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠬᠢ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} {{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}ki}} suffix.{{Refn|name=Lessing1960}}}} | rowspan="2" |{{Gray|{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠣ{{fvs|1}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}}} |{{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠥ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}} {{Nowrap|{{Langle}}w/o}} {{Nowrap|tail{{Rangle}}}}{{Break}}{{NoteTag|As in the strengthening (emphatic) {{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|ᠭᠦ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}} {{Transliteration|Mong|kü}} (Khalkha: {{Lang|khk-Cyrl|хүү}} {{Transliteration|khk|khüü}}) particle,{{Refn|name=Lessing1960}}{{Rp|page=494}}{{Cite book |last1=Grønbech |first1=Kaare |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YanEBJXGRMC |title=An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary |last2=Krueger |first2=John Richard |year=1993 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-03298-8 |language=en}}{{Rp|page=46}} or {{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠥ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}}/{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠥᠭᠡ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} {{Transliteration|Mong|kö/köge}} (Khalkha: {{Lang|khk-Cyrl|хөө}} {{Transliteration|khk|khöö}}) 'soot; obstacle, hindrance; trouble', or 'ring of mail'.{{Refn|name=Lessing1960}}{{Rp|pages=475, 478}}}} ! rowspan="2" style="text-align: left" |Alone |
{{Nowrap|{{Gray|{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠥ{{fvs|1}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}}}Mongolian script#Unicode}} {{Nowrap|{{Langle}}w/}} {{Nowrap|tail{{Rangle}}}} |
—
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} |{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠡ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} |{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠢ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} |{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠣ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} |{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠥ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} ! style="text-align: left" |Initial |
—
|{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠬᠠ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} |{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠬᠡ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} |{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠬᠢ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} |{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠬᠣ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} |{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠬᠥ{{zwj}}|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} ! style="text-align: left" |Medial |
{{Nowrap|{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠬ{{mvs}}ᠠ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}Mongolian script#Unicode}} {{Nowrap|{{Angbr|{{MongolUnicode|File:3mg q final.pngFile:3mg ae2 final 2.png|valign=middle}}}}}}
|— |{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠬᠡ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} |{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠬᠢ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} |{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠬᠣ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} |{{MongolUnicode|{{zwj}}ᠬᠥ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} ! style="text-align: left" |Final |
class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; display: inline-table;"
! colspan="3" style="text-align: left" |Separated suffixes{{NoteTag|Separated suffixes starting with the letter {{Transliteration|Mong|k}} include: {{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠬᠢ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} {{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}ki}} or {{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠬᠢᠨ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} {{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}kin}} (case-bound possession).{{Refn|{{Cite web |title=PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F) |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17036-mongolian-suffix.pdf |date=2017-01-15 |website=UTC Document Register for 2017}}}}}} |
style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}ki}}
! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}kin}} ! style="text-align: left" |Transliteration |
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{{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠬᠢ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}}
|{{MongolUnicode|{{nnbsp}}ᠬᠢᠨ|lang=mn|font-size=1.6em|valign=middle}} ! style="text-align: left" |Whole |
= ''{{Transliteration|Mong|q/k}}'' =
- Transcribes Chakhar {{IPAslink|x}};{{Cite web |title=Mongolian Traditional Script |url=http://www.cjvlang.com/Writing/writmongol/index.html |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site}}{{Cite web |title=Writing – Study Mongolian |url=http://www.studymongolian.net/lessons/basics/writing/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Study Mongolian |date=August 2013 |language=en-US}} Khalkha {{IPAslink|x}}.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}} Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter {{Script|Cyrl|х}}.
- Produced with {{Key press|H}} using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.{{Cite web |last=jowilco |title=Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/globalization/windows-keyboard-layouts |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Microsoft Docs |language=en-us}}
- In the Mongolian Unicode block, {{Transliteration|Mong|q/k}} comes after {{Transliteration|Mong|p}} and before {{Transliteration|Mong|ɣ/g}}.
= ''{{Transliteration|Mong|q}}'' =
- Distinction from other tooth-shaped letters by position in syllable sequence.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}}
- A separated isolate-shaped 13px {{Transliteration|Mong|{{nbh}}q}} appears in the Uyghur loan title {{Transliteration|Mong|ayaɣ{{nbh}}q{{nbh}}a tegimlig}} 'worthy of respect; reverend'.{{Rp|page=546}}{{Cite book |last=Kara |first=György |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cSlkAAAAMAAJ |title=Books of the Mongolian Nomads: More Than Eight Centuries of Writing Mongolian |year=2005 |publisher=Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies |isbn=978-0-933070-52-3 |language=en}}{{Rp|page=43}}
- Derived from Old Uyghur merged gimel and heth ({{Lang|oui-Ougr|𐽲}}).{{Rp|pages=539–540, 545–546}}{{Cite book |last=Clauson |first=Gerard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8O-BAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA111 |title=Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics |date=2005-11-04 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-43012-3 |language=en}}{{Rp|pages=111, 113–115}}{{Cite book |last=Janhunen |first=Juha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DuCRAgAAQBAJ |title=The Mongolic Languages |date=2006-01-27 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-79690-7 |language=en}}{{Rp|page=35}}
= ''{{Transliteration|Mong|k}}'' =
- Syllable-initially indistinguishable from {{Transliteration|Mong|g}}.{{Rp|pages=15, 24}}{{Rp|page=9}}
- Derived from Old Uyghur kaph ({{Lang|oui-Ougr|𐽷}}).{{Rp|pages=539–540, 545–546}}{{Rp|pages=111, 113, 115}}{{Rp|page=35}}
Clear Script
{{Wiktionary|ᡍ}}
{{Main|Clear Script}}
Notes
{{Notelist}}
{{NoteFoot}}