Qalhat
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Qalhāt
| native_name = {{langx|ar|قلهات}}
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Qalhat flickr01.jpg
| coordinates = {{coord|22|41|58|N|59|22|10|E|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Oman
| subdivision_type1 = Governorate
| subdivision_name1 = Ash Sharqiyah South Governorate
| subdivision_type2 = Wilayat
| subdivision_name2 = Wilayat of Sur
| population_as_of = 2010
| population_total = 1123
}}
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| WHS = Ancient City of Qalhat
| image = Qalhat, mausoleo di Bibi Maryam, xiv secolo, 08.jpg
| image_upright =
| caption = Bibi Maryam mausoleum
| location = Sur Province, Ash Sharqiyah South Governorate, Oman
| part_of =
| includes =
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii), (iii)}}(ii), (iii)
| ID = 1537
| coordinates = {{coord|22|42|N|59|22|E|display=inline,title|region:OM_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}
| year = 2018
| area = 75.82 ha
| buffer_zone = 170.09 ha
| locmapin = Oman#West Asia
| map_caption =
}}
Qalhāt ({{langx|ar|قلهات}}) is a village in Oman, over 20 km north of Sur. The residential area is to the northwest of Wādī Ḥilm ({{langx|ar|وادي حلم}}), and the ruins of the ancient city are located to the southeast. The ancient city is referred to as Calatu by Marco Polo and as Calha in the map of Abraham Ortelius.
Site description
Marco Polo visited Qalhat in the 13th century, referring to it as Calatu. Ibn Battuta visited the city in the 14th century, noting that it had "fine bazaars and one of the most beautiful mosques." He further noted the mosque was built by Bibi Maryam and included walls of qashani. Bibi Maryam continued to rule Qalhat and Hurmuz after the death of her husband Ayaz in 1311 or 1312.{{cite book|last1=Battutah|first1=Ibn|title=The Travels of Ibn Battutah|date=2002|publisher=Picador|location=London|isbn=9780330418799|pages=96–98,308}} Zheng He visited the city in the 15th century, and his crew called it 加剌哈 (Taihu Wu: ka-la-ha; Hokkien: ka-lat-ha; Cantonese: gaa-laat-haa).{{cite book |last1=向 |first1=達 |title=鄭和航海圖 |date=1961 |publisher=中華書局 |location=北京}}
Qalhat served as an important stop in the wider Indian Ocean trade network, and was also the second city of the Kingdom of Ormus. By 1507 when it was captured by Afonso de Albuquerque on behalf of the Portuguese Empire, the city was already in decline as trade shifted to Muscat.{{cite web|title=The Ancient City of Galhat - UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5740/|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date=2 August 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201064548/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/498/|archive-date=1 February 2012}} Covering more than {{convert|60|acre|m2}}, Qalhat was surrounded by fortified walls that contained houses and shops. Very little remains of the ancient city, save for the now dome-less mausoleum of Bibi Maryam. Artifacts from as far away as Persia and China were found on-site.
Recently, a research conducted by geoarchaeologists of the University of Bonn conclude that earthquake activity along the most prominent structural element, the Qalhat Fault, is a plausible reason for the decline of the medieval city.{{Cite journal|last1=Ermertz|first1=Alina Marie|last2=Kázmér|first2=Miklos|last3=Adolphs|first3=Silja Kerstin|last4=Falkenroth|first4=Michaela|last5=Hoffmann|first5=Gösta|date=2019-09-27|title=Geoarchaeological Evidence for the Decline of the Medieval City of Qalhat, Oman|journal=Open Quaternary|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=8|doi=10.5334/oq.56|issn=2055-298X|doi-access=free|hdl=10831/67449|hdl-access=free}}
World Heritage Site
Qalhat LNG Terminal
The Oman LNG LLC S.A.O.C. owned Qalhat LNG Terminal is situated at the Port of Qalhat.[http://www.osakagas.co.jp/Press/english/pr060524.html Gas Media Releases] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226150316/http://www.osakagas.co.jp/Press/english/pr060524.html |date=February 26, 2012 }}
References
{{World Heritage Sites in Oman}}
{{Portuguese overseas empire}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Archaeological sites in Oman