Qianjiang, Hubei

Qianjiang's name means river diving, with the first character referring to qián shuǐ, the Chinese verb for diving, and the second character, jiāng, meaning river.

During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the area belonged to the independent state of Chu.{{Cite web|title=|script-title=zh:历史沿革|trans-title=Organizational History|url=http://www.hbqj.gov.cn/zjqj/qjgk/lsyg/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210510005858/http://www.hbqj.gov.cn/zjqj/qjgk/lsyg/|archive-date=2021-05-10|access-date=2021-05-09|publisher=The People's Government of Qianjiang Municipality|language=zh}}

In the Three Kingdoms period, the area of present-day Qianjiang was part of the Eastern Wu.

Portions of present-day Qianjiang were ruled by the Sui dynasty as part of {{Interlanguage link|Mianyang Commandery|zh|沔阳郡}}.

Part of Qianjiang was incorporated into the Tang dynasty as Jiangling County ({{Lang-zh|s=江陵县|t=江陵縣}}). In 857 CE, the area was placed under the {{Interlanguage link|Jiedu Envoy of Jingnan|zh|荆南节度使}}.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the area belonged to the independent kingdom of Jingnan. Qianjiang County ({{Lang-zh|s=潜江县|t=潛江縣|p=Qiánjiāng Xiàn}}) was first organized in 965 CE, during the Song dynasty.

In 1293, during the Yuan dynasty, local flooding prompted officials to move the county center to present-day {{Interlanguage link|Yuanlin Subdistrict, Qianjiang|lt=Yuanlin Subdistrict|zh|园林街道 (潜江市)}}.

In 1913, when the Republic of China introduced circuit system, the area was placed under the jurisdiction of {{Interlanguage link|Xiangyang Circuit|zh|襄阳道}}. In 1925, circuits were abolished, and the area was directly administered by the province.

From the spring of 1930 to the winter of 1932, Qianjiang belonged to the Hunan–Hubei–Jiangxi Soviet.

In 1932, the area was organized by the Republic of China under the new {{Interlanguage link|Administrative Inspectorate|zh|行政督察区}} system, belonging to the province's Seventh Administrative Inspectorate. In 1934, the area was placed under the Sixth Administrative Inspectorate.

Qianjiang was occupied by the Japanese during the Sino-Japanese War from May 1939 to August 1945. The Japanese primarily used prominent local Chinese to run the "puppet" government, notably many members of the Zhang family.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}} From the spring of 1942 to the autumn of 1945, the area hosted a number of regional resistance governments.

The area was captured by the People's Liberation Army in December 1947.

Upon the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the area was placed under {{Interlanguage link|Jingzhou Prefecture|zh|荆州专区}}.

The communists from 1949 to early 1980s constructed a pharmaceutical plant, a textile factory, a book-printing factory, a large oil-and-gas drilling field, and other industrial installations in the Qianjiang area.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} As the national economic reform took force beginning in the late 1970s many of these state-run businesses went under.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}

During the period from 1959 to 1962, the largest "Cadre Camp" in China, or in the world as people at that time liked to call it, was established in Qianjiang.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} The camp was established due to fears of a potential war between the Soviet Union and China following the Sino-Soviet split.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} As a result of these fears, the Chinese government dispersed people and resources throughout the country.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} Many young college graduates were sent to local Cadre Camps to train and entrench.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} This was the so-called "Priority 1 Order" given by Vice Chairman Lin Biao and planned by Chairman Mao.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}

The young cadres in Qianjiang worked to improve the agricultural situation, such as draining hundreds of acres of a local lake to be used as farmland.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} However, this action caused damage to the local ecosystem.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}

Qianjiang was well known for abundant local produces.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} Prominent local produces include duck eggs and lily seeds.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} They were so abundant that the produces were often sold at a nominal price.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} However, around the year of 1960, Qianjiang didn't escape the fate of most Chinese towns and was swept by an extended famine that was grossly caused by the political destruction of the fundamental aspects of the economy (production, supply-chain, and ownership).{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} Many in Qianjiang were starved to death.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}

People from Qianjiang and surrounding areas, compared with people from the rest of the Hubei Province, have a reputation for being generous, gentle, and sincere.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} Prior to the modern days, Qianjiang demonstrated traditional, agriculture-based, Chinese ethos.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} E.g., if the farmers consider a water buffalo has been hard-working and loyal they would not slaughter it.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} But rather they would wait until it ages and dies.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} Then they would bury it and then build it a tomb.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}

There was a labor camp during the communist era in the Qianjiang area.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} The conditions at the camp were harsh.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} People would often sneak out to seek additional food.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} However, they never attempted to escape because it was impossible to hide in any place during those decades.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} Every town was tightly controlled and monitored by the government.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} No one would provide a stranger shelter and would only report him immediately to the local government.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}

In 1970, the area was reorganized as {{Interlanguage link|Jingzhou Area|zh|荆州地区}}.

On May 25, 1988, Qianjiang County was abolished, and was replaced with a county-level city.

In October 1994, Qianjiang was re-organized as a sub-prefectural city.

File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nh49-8.jpg

Qianjiang is located in south-central Hubei province in the Jianghan Plain, spanning an area of {{convert|2004|km²}}. Qianjiang is bordered by Tianmen to the north, Xiantao to the east, Jianli to the southeast, Jiangling County to the southwest, Jingzhou District to the west, and Shayang County to the northwest.

The city's topography is largely flat, with an average elevation of {{Convert|38|m|ft}}, a high point of {{Convert|39.78|m|ft}}, and a low point of {{Convert|25.78|m|ft}}.

Qianjiang is home to many rivers and lakes. Major rivers in the city include the Han River and the {{Interlanguage link|Dongjing River|zh|东荆河}}. Major lakes in the city include the {{Interlanguage link|Fanwan Lake|zh|返湾湖}}, {{Interlanguage link|Bailu Lake|zh|白露湖}}, {{Interlanguage link|Jieliang Lake|zh|借粮湖}}, and Fengjia Lake ({{Lang-zh|c=冯家湖}}). However, starting in the early 80's most of them disappeared due to urbanization and industrialization.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}

Qianjiang's climate is temperate, with an average annual temperature of {{convert|16|°C}}, and an average annual precipitation of around {{Convert|1110|mm|in}}.{{Weather box

|location = Qianjiang, elevation {{convert|31|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present)

|metric first = Y

|single line = Y

|collapsed = Y

|Jan high C = 8.3

|Feb high C = 11.3

|Mar high C = 16.0

|Apr high C = 22.3

|May high C = 27.2

|Jun high C = 30.1

|Jul high C = 32.3

|Aug high C = 32.3

|Sep high C = 28.6

|Oct high C = 23.2

|Nov high C = 16.9

|Dec high C = 10.8

|Jan mean C = 4.2

|Feb mean C = 6.9

|Mar mean C = 11.4

|Apr mean C = 17.3

|May mean C = 22.3

|Jun mean C = 25.9

|Jul mean C = 28.4

|Aug mean C = 28.0

|Sep mean C = 23.7

|Oct mean C = 18.1

|Nov mean C = 12.0

|Dec mean C = 6.4

|Jan low C = 1.3

|Feb low C = 3.6

|Mar low C = 7.8

|Apr low C = 13.3

|May low C = 18.4

|Jun low C = 22.6

|Jul low C = 25.3

|Aug low C = 24.7

|Sep low C = 20.3

|Oct low C = 14.5

|Nov low C = 8.4

|Dec low C = 3.1

|Jan record high C = 20.5 |Jan record low C = -9.8

|Feb record high C = 26.5 |Feb record low C = -5.0

|Mar record high C = 32.0 |Mar record low C = -1.5

|Apr record high C = 33.8 |Apr record low C = 1.3

|May record high C = 35.6 |May record low C = 8.8

|Jun record high C = 37.2 |Jun record low C = 12.1

|Jul record high C = 37.8 |Jul record low C = 19.2

|Aug record high C = 39.2 |Aug record low C = 16.8

|Sep record high C = 36.6 |Sep record low C = 10.6

|Oct record high C = 32.8 |Oct record low C = 1.6

|Nov record high C = 29.3 |Nov record low C = -2.4

|Dec record high C = 22.0 |Dec record low C = -9.5

|year high C = |year low C =

|year high F = |year low F =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 40.6

|Feb precipitation mm = 53.8

|Mar precipitation mm = 79.1

|Apr precipitation mm = 131.3

|May precipitation mm = 159.7

|Jun precipitation mm = 192.4

|Jul precipitation mm = 208.7

|Aug precipitation mm = 111.3

|Sep precipitation mm = 75.4

|Oct precipitation mm = 71.1

|Nov precipitation mm = 56.7

|Dec precipitation mm = 25.6

|Jan humidity = 75

|Feb humidity = 75

|Mar humidity = 76

|Apr humidity = 77

|May humidity = 76

|Jun humidity = 80

|Jul humidity = 81

|Aug humidity = 80

|Sep humidity = 77

|Oct humidity = 76

|Nov humidity = 77

|Dec humidity = 73

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 9.0

|Feb precipitation days = 10.4

|Mar precipitation days = 12.5

|Apr precipitation days = 12.0

|May precipitation days = 12.8

|Jun precipitation days = 11.7

|Jul precipitation days = 10.5

|Aug precipitation days = 9.1

|Sep precipitation days = 8.0

|Oct precipitation days = 9.9

|Nov precipitation days = 9.7

|Dec precipitation days = 7.9

|year precipitation days =

|Jan sun = 89.5

|Feb sun = 89.6

|Mar sun = 118.8

|Apr sun = 144.5

|May sun = 160.2

|Jun sun = 155.5

|Jul sun = 207.2

|Aug sun = 203.2

|Sep sun = 152.3

|Oct sun = 134.7

|Nov sun = 121.0

|Dec sun = 107.2

|year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 28

| Feb percentsun = 28

| Mar percentsun = 32

| Apr percentsun = 37

| May percentsun = 38

| Jun percentsun = 37

| Jul percentsun = 49

| Aug percentsun = 50

| Sep percentsun = 42

| Oct percentsun = 39

| Nov percentsun = 38

| Dec percentsun = 34

| year percentsun =

|Jan snow days = 4.3

|Feb snow days = 2.8

|Mar snow days = 1.0

|Apr snow days = 0

|May snow days = 0

|Jun snow days = 0

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 0

|Oct snow days = 0

|Nov snow days = 0.4

|Dec snow days = 1.4

|year snow days =

|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=11 June 2023}}

{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =28 May 2023}}

}}

File:Qiánjiāng-map.pngAs of 2020, Qianjiang administers 6 subdistricts, 10 towns, and 8 other township-level divisions.{{Cite web|date=2020|title=|script-title=zh:2020年统计用区划代码（潜江市）|trans-title=2020 Statistical Division Codes (Qianjiang)|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2020/42/90/429005.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509214350/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2020/42/90/429005.html|archive-date=2021-05-09|access-date=2021-05-09|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China|language=zh}}

Qianjiang administers the following 6 subdistricts:

Qianjiang administers the following 10 towns:

Qianjiang administers the following 8 other township-level divisions:

National Highway 318 and the Yihuang Expressway ({{Lang-zh|c=宜黄高速公路}}) from Yichang to Huangshi both pass through Qianjiang from east to west. The Xiangyue Highway ({{Lang-zh|c=襄岳公路}}) from Xiangyang to Yueyang passes through Qianjing from south to north.

The Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu high-speed railway passes through Qianjiang from east to west.{{Cite web|date=2020-03-26|title=|script-title=zh:基本市情|trans-title=Basic City Situation|url=http://www.hbqj.gov.cn/zjqj/qjgk/jbsq/201902/t20190222_2090611.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210510005256/http://www.hbqj.gov.cn/zjqj/qjgk/jbsq/201902/t20190222_2090611.html|archive-date=2021-05-10|access-date=2021-05-09|publisher=The People's Government of Qianjiang Municipality|language=zh}}

The city has two deep-water ports: Zekou ({{Lang-zh|c=泽口}}) and Hongmiao ({{Lang-zh|c=红庙}}).

According to the 2010 Chinese Census, Qianjiang has a total population of 946,277, down from the 992,438 reported in the 2000 Chinese Census. In 1996, the city's population was estimated to be 933,000.

Qianjiang is a major producer of grain, cotton, petroleum, natural gas, and salt.

Qianjiang has an important oil field, Jianghan Oil Field. It's part of the Sinopec Corporation.[https://web.archive.org/web/20160115030714/http://www.jhpa.com.cn:89/en/show.php?artid=132 Jianghan Oil Field] Retrieved 2014-02-26. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115030714/http://www.jhpa.com.cn:89/en/show.php?artid=132 |date=January 15, 2016 }} Qianjiang has the potential of producing 200 million tons of oil, more than 9000 m³ of natural gas, and 800 billion tons of rock salt.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} In 2001 Qiangjiang started producing crayfish and now producers over 70,000 tonnes a year{{Cite web|url=http://en.people.cn/n3/2018/0706/c90000-9478479.html|title=Crayfish industry brings new life to Qianjiang in central China - People's Daily Online|website=en.people.cn|access-date=2019-01-07}} and accounting for over 60% of China's export of crayfish.{{Cite web|url=http://en.hubei.gov.cn/news/newslist/201608/t20160810_879209.shtml|title=Qianjiang crawfish sold at IKEA stores globally|website=en.hubei.gov.cn|access-date=2019-01-07}} The region is also home to the world's largest crustacean sculpture.{{Cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/378513-largest-crustacean-sculpture|title=Largest crustacean sculpture|website=Guinness World Records|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-01-07}}

Major companies with operations in the city include {{Interlanguage link|Yangtze Optical Fiber and Cable|zh|长飞光纤}}, Jinrui ({{Lang-zh|c=晶瑞}}), Dinglong ({{Lang-zh|c=鼎龙}}), and {{Interlanguage link|Zall Development|zh|卓尔集团}}.

The city has a unique theatre culture, with Qianjiang Flower Drum Opera ({{Lang-zh|c=潜江花鼓戏}}), Qianjiang Shadow Play ({{Lang-zh|c=潜江皮影戏}}), and Qianjiang Folk Song ({{Lang-zh|c=潜江民歌}}) all being included in China's {{Interlanguage link|National Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection List|zh|国家非物质文化遗产保护名录}}.

• Ruins of Zhanghua Palace ({{Lang-zh|s=章华宫|t=章華宮}}), built by King Ling of Chu
• Ruins of {{Interlanguage link|Huarong Road|zh|华容道}}

• Li Hanjun
• Li Shucheng
• Lü Xiaojun
• Qian Ying
• Yao Lifa{{Cite web|date=|title=Activist Yao Lifa goes missing from home a day after his release|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/978225/activist-yao-lifa-goes-missing-home-day-after-his-release|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510013259/https://www.scmp.com/article/978225/activist-yao-lifa-goes-missing-home-day-after-his-release|archive-date=2021-05-10|access-date=2021-05-09|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}

{{reflist}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20160115030714/http://www.jhpa.com.cn:89/en/show.php?artid=132 Jianghan Oil Field]

{{Wiktionary|Qianjiang|Ch'ien-chiang}}

{{County-level divisions of Hubei}}

{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities in Hubei

Category:Wuhan urban agglomeration

Category:Jianghan Plain

Category:County-level divisions of Hubei