Quercus look
{{Short description|Species of plant in the genus Quercus}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| display_parents = 2
| parent = Quercus sect. Cerris
| genus = Quercus
| species = look
| authority = KotschyEich. Eur. Orient.: 21 (1860)
| synonyms = {{species list |Quercus aegilops subsp. look|(Kotschy) A.Camus
|Quercus brantii subsp. look|(Kotschy) Mouterde}}
}}
Quercus look, the look oak or Mount Hermon oak, is a species of oak in subgenus Cerris, section Cerris,{{Cite journal |last1=Denk |first1=Thomas |last2=Grimm |first2=Guido W. |last3=Manos |first3=Paul S. |last4=Deng |first4=Min |last5=Hipp |first5=Andrew L. |date=2017 |title=Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks |website=figshare |doi=10.6084/m9.figshare.5547622.v1 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Appendix_2_1_________An_updated_infrageneric_classification_of_the_oaks/5547622/1 |access-date=2023-02-18 |format=xls |name-list-style=amp}} native to the Levant{{cite web |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:296407-1 |title=Quercus look Kotschy |author= |date=2017 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=16 October 2020}} region of Western Asia, including northern Israel, Lebanon, and Syria.{{cite web |last1=Coombes |first1=Allen |last2=Cameron |first2=Roderick |title=Quercus look |url=https://treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/quercus/quercus-look/ |website=Trees and Shrubs Online |publisher=International Dendrology Society |access-date=4 November 2022 |ref=Trees & Shrubs Online}} Of the local oak species, it prefers to grow at the highest altitudes, for instance at {{circa|1800}}{{nbsp}}m on Mount Hermon.{{cite journal |title=Abiotic factors affecting the distribution of oaks in Lebanon |year=2016 |last1=Stephan |first1=Jean |last2=Chayban |first2=Lara |last3=Vessella |first3=Federico |journal=Turkish Journal of Botany |volume=40 |pages=595–609 |doi=10.3906/bot-1601-24 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2016TJBot..40..595S }}
Description
Quercus look is a small-medium deciduous oak, ranging in height from 10–15 m.{{cite web |last1=Fragman-Sapir |first1=Ori |title=Species Spotlight: Quercus look Kotschy |url=https://www.internationaloaksociety.org/content/species-spotlight-quercus-look-kotschy |website=International Oak Society |date=June 2019 |access-date=4 November 2022}} The leaves are long and shiny, with toothed edges. Leaf sizes range from 5–11 cm. The acorns are large, with a tip that is slightly concave or flat. The acorn's cup covers about two-thirds of the nut.
Distribution and ecology
Quercus look is the southernmost representative of mountainous deciduous oaks in the Middle East, occurring in mountain ranges of the Levant, Mount Hermon in particular. It grows at altitudes between 1400 and 1900 m in mixed stands with fellow sect. Cerris species Tabor oak (Quercus ithaburensis) and Lebanon oak (Quercus libani) as well as the Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani), the Aleppo oak (Quercus infectoria), the Balkan maple (Acer hyrcanum subsp. tauricolum), Montpellier maple (Acer monspessulanum subsp. microphyllum), styrax (Styrax officinalis), Syrian pear (Pyrus syriaca), azarole (Crataegus azarolus) and several Sorbus species.
Taxonomy
The species was originally described by Theodor Kotschy in 1860, who gave it the botanical name look, based on the name the locals from Rashaya used for the tree. Thereafter, the tree was identified either as a hybrid between the co-occurring Quercus libani and Quercus ithaburensis or as a subspecies of the latter. It was not until 2017 that the tree was identified as distinct from either of these species, a status that was genetically confirmed in 2018.{{Cite journal |last1=Simeone |first1=Marco Cosimo |last2=Cardoni |first2=Simone |last3=Piredda |first3=Roberta |last4=Imperatori |first4=Francesca |last5=Avishai |first5=Michael |last6=Grimm |first6=Guido W. |last7=Denk |first7=Thomas |date=2018-10-17 |title=Comparative systematics and phylogeography of Quercus section Cerris in western Eurasia: inferences from plastid and nuclear DNA variation |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=6 |pages=e5793 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5793 |pmid=30356975 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=6195796 |doi-access=free}} This reassessment also revealed a close affinity between Quercus look and Quercus cerris, the Turkey oak.