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Quinault language

{{short description|Dormant Salishan language of Washington State}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Quinault

| nativename = {{lang|qun|Kʷínaył}}

| states = United States

| region = Olympic Peninsula, Washington

| ethnicity = 1,500 Quinault people (1977)

| extinct = 1996

| ref = e18

| speakers2 = half a dozen know some vocabulary (2007)

| familycolor = salishan

| fam1 = Salishan

| fam2 = Coast

| fam3 = Tsamosan

| fam4 = Maritime

| iso3 = qun

| glotto = quin1251

| glottorefname = Quinault

| revived = revival efforts underway{{Cite web |title=Language Department |website=Quinault Indian Nation, WA |url=https://www.quinaultindiannation.com/169/Language-Department |access-date=2024-05-20}}{{sfn|Terry-itewaste|2016|pp=17-20}}

}}

Quinault ({{lang|qun|Kʷínaył}}) is a member of the Tsamosan (Olympic) branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages. It is extinct, but efforts are being taken to revitalize it.

Phonology

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+Consonants

rowspan="2" colspan="2" |

! rowspan="2" | Bilabial

! colspan="3" | Alveolar

! rowspan="2" | Palatal

! colspan="2" | Velar

! colspan="2" | Uvular

! rowspan="2" | Glottal

central || sibilant || lateral

! plain || lab.

! plain || lab.

rowspan="3" | Plosive/
Affricate

! plain

| {{IPA link|p}}

| {{IPA link|t}}

| {{IPA link|ts}}

|

| {{IPA link|tʃ}}

| {{IPA link|k}}

| {{IPA link|kʷ}}

| {{IPA link|q}}

| {{IPA link|qʷ}}

| rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|ʔ}}

ejective

| {{IPA link|pʼ}}

| {{IPA link|tʼ}}

| {{IPA link|tsʼ}}

| {{IPA link|tɬʼ}}

| {{IPA link|tʃʼ}}

| {{IPA link|kʼ}}

| {{IPA link|kʷʼ}}

| {{IPA link|qʼ}}

| {{IPA link|qʷʼ}}

voiced

|

|

|

|

|{{IPA link|dʒ}}

|{{IPA link|ɡ}}{{efn|A voiced fricative sound /ɣ/ may also be heard as a voiced stop [ɡ].|name=Velar}}

|

|

|

|

rowspan="2" | Fricative

! voiceless

|

|

| {{IPA link|s}}

| {{IPA link|ɬ}}

| {{IPA link|ʃ}}

| {{IPA link|x}}

| {{IPA link|xʷ}}

| {{IPA link|χ}}

| {{IPA link|χʷ}}

| {{IPA link|h}}

voiced

|

|

|

|

|

| {{IPA link|ɣ}}{{Efn|name=Velar}}

|

|

|

|

colspan="2" | Sonorant

| {{IPA link|m}}

| {{IPA link|n}}

|

| {{IPA link|l}}

| {{IPA link|j}}

|

| {{IPA link|w}}

|

|

|

{{Notelist}}

  • Sounds {{IPA|/w, j, l/}} can be heard as voiceless {{IPA|[w̥, j̊, l̥]}} when within voiceless positions.
  • {{IPA|/xʷ/}} may also be pronounced as {{IPA|[ʍ]}} in free variation.{{Cite book |last=Modrow |first=Ruth |title=The Quinault dictionary |publisher=Taholah: Quinault Indian Tribe of Washington |year=1971 |pages=365-386}}

Vowels are represented as {{IPA|/i, ɛ, ə, a, ɔ, u/}} and {{IPA|/iː, uː, aː/}}.{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Southwestern Coast Salish |last=Hajda |first=Yvonne |location=Washington |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |year=1990 |editor-first=Wayne |editor-last=Suttles |encyclopedia=Northwest Coast |pages=503–517}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+ Vowels

! Front

! Central

! Back

Close

| {{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}}

|

| {{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}}

Mid

| {{IPA link|ɛ}}

| {{IPA link|ə}}

| {{IPA link|ɔ}}

Open

|

| {{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|aː}}

|

An alternative phonology is as follows:

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+Quinault vowels{{sfn|Terry-itewaste|2016|p=27}}

! Front

! Central

! Back

Close

| {{IPA link|i}}

|

| {{IPA link|u}}

Near-close

|{{IPA link|ɪ}}

|

|

Mid

|{{IPA link|e}}

| {{IPA link|ə}}

|{{IPA link|o}}

Open

|{{IPA link|a}}

|

|

Notes

{{reflist}}

References

  • {{Cite dissertation |last=Terry-itewaste |first=Cosette Lelani |date=2016 |title=Quinault Language Revitalization: Bridging Linguistic Theory to Community Classrooms |url=https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/621357 |language=en-US |publisher=University of Arizona |degree=PhD}}

Further reading

  • {{Cite book |last=Modrow |first=Ruth |title=Introduction to the Quinault language |publisher=Quinault Indian Tribe of Washington |year=1967 |location=Taholah |lccn=68000947 |oclc=430013}}
  • {{Cite book |last=Modrow |first=Ruth |title=The Quinault dictionary |publisher=Quinault Indian Tribe of Washington |year=1971 |location=Taholah |oclc=1023433458}}

{{Salishan languages}}

{{Indigenous peoples in Washington}}

Category:Coast Salish languages

Category:Quinault

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