Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District

{{short description|Historic district in Michigan, United States}}

{{Infobox NRHP

| name = Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District

| nrhp_type = hd

| nocat = yes

| image = Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District E.jpg

| caption = Addition to Stamp Mill Number One in 2010

| location = M-26 near Torch Lake, Osceola Township

| coordinates = {{coord|47|8|48|N|88|27|36|W|display=inline,title}}

| locmapin = Michigan#USA

| built = 1888

| architect =

| architecture = Colonial Revival

| added = July 18, 2007

| area = {{convert|350|acre}}

| refnum = 07000750{{NRISref|2009a}}

}}

File:QuincyStampMillDiagram.gif

The Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District is a historic stamp mill (used to crush copper-bearing rock, separating the copper ore from surrounding rock) located on M-26 near Torch Lake, just east of Mason in Osceola Township.{{citation | title = A Guide to Michigan's Historic Keweenaw Copper District | author = Lawrence J. Molloy | url = http://www.exploringthenorth.com/coppertrips/roadtrip.html | access-date = November 25, 2010}} It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Original stamp mill (1860–1888)

File:Stamping Process.gif

The original Quincy Stamp Mill was built in 1860 on Portage Lake in Hancock, close to the Quincy Mine.{{cite web | title = Quincy Mill | publisher = Keweenaw Free Guide | url = http://keweenawfreeguide.com/quincy-mill/ | access-date = November 26, 2010}} This facility, however, dumped an enormous amount of sand tailings into the lake, and the sand soon threatened to encroach on the navigable channel of the lake. In the mid-1880s, the federal government set minimum harbor lines and stiff penalties for breaching them,{{citation | title = Quincy Mining Company, Hancock, Houghton, MI, HAER MI-2 | author = Charles F. O'Connell | chapter = Quincy Mining Company: Stamp Mills and Milling Technology, c. 1860–1931 | pages = 594 | publisher = Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey | chapter-url = http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=596 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20121212064039/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=596 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2012-12-12 }} and eventually filed suit against the Quincy Mine for dumping in Portage Lake. In addition, Quincy was in the process of acquiring the nearby Pewabic Mine, and management knew they would need to increase the company's stamping capacity.[https://archive.today/20121213132419/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=592 O'Connell, p. 590]

Stamp mills require a large amount of water to operate, and so are invariably located near a large body of water; this limited the range of sites in which a new mill could be placed.[https://archive.today/20121212090157/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=569 O'Connell, page 567] After some analysis, the Quincy management decided on Torch Lake as the site for the new mill and purchased 300 acres on the shore,[https://archive.today/20121212012751/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=599 O'Connell, page 597] some six miles east of the previous location.

Construction of stamp mill (1888–1894)

Work began on the new stamp mill in 1888. The first building constructed was a boarding house, followed by a dock, cistern, and foundations for other buildings.[https://archive.today/20121213094405/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=600 O'Connell, page 598] In 1889, six substantial frame buildings were constructed on site, as well as a railway connecting the stamp mill to the mine, and stamping equipment was installed. Mill number one was a wooden structure measuring 198 feet by 120 feet.[https://archive.today/20121212124030/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=601 O'Connell, page 599] The pump and boiler house were located on the south side of the roadway that is now M-26. It was a stone structure measuring 154 feet by 56 feet.[https://archive.today/20121212013633/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=602 O'Connell, page 600] An elevated conduit carried water and steam over the road to the mill, and handling facilities were built at the dock. The facility was completed and opened for milling in 1890. The site originally had two stamps; a third was added immediately after opening, and two more were added in 1892.

More structures were added to the site over time, beginning with extensions to the dock in 1890 and 1891, an addition to the boiler house in 1891,[https://archive.today/20121212122814/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=604 O'Connell, page 602] and additions to the mill in 1891 and 1892.[https://archive.today/20121213094141/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=605 O'Connell, page 603] In all, the Quinct Mine spent $457,000 between 1888 and 1894 in constructing and equipping their new mill site, of which $182,000 went to the mill and its stamping equipment.[https://archive.today/20121212025807/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=603 O'Connell, page 601]

Second mill and additions (1894–1922)

However, as early as 1894, mine production outstripped the capacity of the mill, and a new mill was planned.[https://archive.today/20121213074538/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=606 O'Connell, page 604]

The second stamp mill was built just north of the first; this mill was an iron-framed structure measuring 132 feet by 216 feet.[https://archive.today/20121212025852/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=607 O'Connell, page 605] It was constructed in 1899 by the Wisconsin Bridge and Iron Company at a cost of $22,450. The second mill opened in late 1900 with three mills. To service the additional capacity, new boiler and pump house buildings were also constructed.[https://archive.today/20121213085949/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=608 O'Connell, page 606] Over the next two decades, minor alterations were made to the structures of the complex (including the erection of a new 175-foot smokestack for the boilerhouse in 1916)[https://archive.today/20121212002731/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=622 O'Connell, page 620] while the milling process and machinery were continuously refined.

However, the rise in the price of copper during World War I provided both impetus and resources for expansion of the site.[https://archive.today/20121213074212/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=623 O'Connell, page 621] Reinforced concrete and brick additions to both stamp mills were constructed in 1919;[https://archive.today/20121212021948/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=624 O'Connell, page 622] the addition to mill no. 1 was 123 feet by 215 feet, and the addition to mill no. 2 was 91 feet by 132 feet. The additions were equipped and functioning by 1920. The mill also changed their production of electrical power, building a structure to house a new turbine near mill no. 1.[https://archive.today/20121213084409/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=625 O'Connell, page 623] Construction on the new building, a brick structure measuring 36 feet by 38 feet by 45 feet high, began in 1921; the turbine was online in 1923.[https://archive.today/20121213081258/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=626 O'Connell, page 624]

class="wikitable unsortable"

! style="background:light gray; color:black"|1890–1925 Images

File:QuincyStampingMill-1890Mill1.jpg|Mill Number One, c. 1890

File:QuincyStampingMill-1890Mill1fromlake.jpg|Mill Number One, c. 1890, including pump and boiler buildings.

File:QuincyStampingMill-1925turbinebldg.jpg|Turbine house near Mill Number One, c. 1925

Decline (1922 – present)

However, the mill began to decline after the end of the war. In 1922, the second mill was closed. Additional equipment was installed in mill no. 1 as technology improved, including labor-saving devices installed in 1929 and 1930.[https://archive.today/20121213131800/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=629 O'Connell, page 627] However, the Great Depression hit the mining industry hard, and the Quincy Mine closed in 1931, shuttering the Stamp Mills.

As the Depression wound onward, copper prices rebounded, and the mine and mills were refurbished in late 1937 and re-opened on a limited scale in early 1938.{{citation | title = Quincy Mining Company, Hancock, Houghton, MI, HAER MI-2 | author = Charles K. Hyde | chapter = An Economic and Business History of the Quincy Mining Company | page = 263 | publisher = Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey | chapter-url = http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=265 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20121212060701/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=265 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2012-12-12 }} However, the mine was only barely profitable, and after World War II ended, and with it the price guarantees from the federal government, the mine and stamp mills closed permanently.[https://archive.today/20121212013845/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=pphhdatapage&fileName=mi/mi0000/mi0086/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=266 Hyde, page 264]

Mill number two was demolished early, as well as the original portions of mill number one, but the later additions to mill number one remain.

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! style="background:light gray; color:black"|1978 Images

File:QuincyStampingMill-1978mill1.jpg|Mill Number One

File:QuincyStampingMill-1978Mill1Rear.jpg|Rear of Mill Number One. Note cleared area where original portion of mill stood, and smokestack in background.

File:QuincyStampingMill-1978turbine blg.jpg|Turbine house near Mill Number One

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! style="background:light gray; color:black"|2010 Images

File:Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District D.jpg|Smokestack of boilerhouse

File:Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District F.jpg|Interior of Mill Number One addition

File:Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District B.jpg|Turbine house near Mill Number One