Quinnipiac#Long Water Land Renapi Sachemdom
{{short description|Historic Native American group}}
{{about|the Native American group|the university|Quinnipiac University|the university's athletic program|Quinnipiac Bobcats|the polling organization|Quinnipiac University Polling Institute}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Quinnipiac
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = File:Quinnipiac-River-Connecticut.jpg
| image_caption = The Quinnipiac River looking west into the Quinnipiac River Gorge
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| image_upright =
| total = extinct as a tribe; merged into the Stockbridge Munsee Community and Brotherton Indian Community, now in Wisconsin
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| genealogy =
| regions = United States (Connecticut)
| languages = Quiripi language
| religions = Indigenous religion
| related_groups = other Wappinger peoples
}}
The Quinnipiac were a historical Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands. They lived in present-day New Haven County, Connecticut, along the Quinnipiac River.John Reed Swanton, The Indian Tribes of North America, pp. 45–46. Their primary village, also called Quinnipiac, was where New Haven, Connecticut is today.
Name
The Quinnipiac name translates as "Long-water people."Hodge, p. 344. It was also spelled Quienepiage, Quenepiake, Qunnipiéuk, Qunnipiuck, Qunnipiug, Quinnpiipuck, Quunnipieuck, and Qvinipiak.Hodger, p. 1127.
Language
The Quinnipiac and several neighboring tribes in central Connecticut and central Long Island all spoke Quiripi, an Eastern Algonquian language. Reverend Abraham Pierson translated the catechism into Quiripi in 1658. Reverend Ezra Stiles and Thomas Jefferson both collected word lists in Quiripi. The language went extinct in the late 19th century.{{cite web |title=Quiripi |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/quiripi.htm |website=Omniglot |access-date=5 April 2023}}
Political structure
Seventeenth century colonist and writer on Indian tribes Daniel Gookin asserted the Quinnipiac were part of the Pequot;Hodge, p. 345. 19th century historian Edward Manning Ruttenber regarded the Quinnipiac as part of the Wappinger confederacy. The Quinnipiac tribal leader was a sachem. The Totoket people were part of the Quinnipiac sachemdom.John Reed Swanton, The Indian Tribes of North America, p. 47. The Hammonasset were likely also part of the Quinnipiac sachemdom.Frederick Webb Hodge, Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, p. 529.
History
= 17th century =
File:Tribal Territories Southern New England.png
The Puritans established the first Indian Reservation in 1638. Located near New Haven, Connecticut, the reserve was for the Quinnipiac, but only included 1,200 acres, a small portion of their original territory.Schultz et al., Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics, 677 The reservation's residents, described as "free" Indians, were placed under the authority of an English agent. They were not allowed to sell or abandon that land, and Native peoples from other tribes were not allowed to visit.
From around 1651 to 1669, Reverend Abraham Pierson, a Congregational minister, proselytized the Quinnipiac near Branford, Connecticut.Frederick Webb Hodge, Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, p. 883. He translated Christian texts into the Quiripi language. Missionization was not very successful, and the tribe showed "a perverse contempt" for the church.
= 18th century =
In 1730, there were an estimated 250 to 300 Quinnipiac. In 1768, some Quinnipiac left their reservation and joined the Tunxi near Farmington, Connecticut. In 1774, only an estimated 38 Quinnipiac survived. They were part of the large Mahican tribe, whose descendants ultimately migrated to Wisconsin with the Stockbridge Munsee Community and Brotherton Indian Community.{{cite book |last1=Ricky |first1=Donald B. |title=Indians of Maryland |date=1999 |publisher=Somerset |location=St. Clair Shoes, MI |isbn=9780403098774 |page=232 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88z94nv6rlwC}}
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
- {{cite book |editor1-last=Aoki |editor1-first=Andrew L. |editor2-last=Schultz |editor2-first=Jeffrey D. |editor3-last=Kaynie |editor3-first=Kerry L. |title=Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics: Hispanic Americans and Native Americans |date=2000 |publisher=Oryx Press |location=Phoenix, AZ |isbn=978-1-57356-149-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sfmPmrL0N3kC}}
- {{cite book |last1=Hodge |first1=Frederick Webb |title=Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico: N-Z |date=1910 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington, DC |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ze4YAAAAYAAJ}}
- {{cite book|last1=Swanton|first1=John Reed|title=The Indian Tribes of North America |date=1952|publisher=Genealogical Publishing Com|isbn=9780806317304|pages=102–03 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xpx6WoPz7xIC}}
External links
- {{Commonscatinline}}
- [https://www.mohican.com Stockbridge-Munsee Community Band of Mohican Indians], official website
{{authority control}}
Category:Extinct Native American tribes
Category:Native American history of Connecticut