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R-27 (air-to-air missile)#Variants

{{short description|Soviet air-to-air missile}}

{{About|the air-to-air missile|the submarine-launched ballistic missile|R-27 Zyb|other uses|R27 (disambiguation){{!}}R27}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}

{{Infobox weapon

| is_missile = yes

| name = R-27
AA-10 Alamo

| image = Mig 29 firing AA-10.JPG

| image_size = 300

| caption = German Air Force MiG-29 firing an R-27

| origin = Soviet Union

| type = BVR air-to-air missile; anti-radiation missile

| used_by =

| wars = {{Tree list}}

{{Tree list/end}}

| manufacturer = Vympel (Russia)
Artem (Ukraine){{cite web |url= https://www.artem.ua/en/|title = ARTEM|publisher= ARTEM |access-date= 3 February 2020}}

| unit_cost = N/A

| propellant =

| production_date =

| service = 1983–present

| engine = High performance, w. directed-rocket motor

| engine_power = Solid-fuel rocket motor

| weight = {{convert|253|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

| length = {{convert|4.08|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| height =

| diameter = {{convert|230|mm|in|abbr=on}}

| wingspan = {{convert|772|mm|in|abbr=on}}

| speed = Mach 4.5{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

| vehicle_range = R-27T: up to {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}}
R-27T1: up to {{convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}}
R-27ET: up to {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}}
R-27ET1: up to {{convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}}
R-27R: up to {{convert|73|km|mi|abbr=on}}
R-27R1: up to {{convert|75|km|mi|abbr=on}}
R-27ER: up to {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}}
R-27ER1: up to {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}}
R-27P: up to {{convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}}
R-27EP: up to {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}}
R-27EA: up to {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}}
R-27EM: up to {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}}

| ceiling =

| altitude = N/A

| filling = Blast/fragmentation or continuous rod

| filling_weight = {{convert|39|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

| guidance = Semi-active radar homing (R-27R/ER/EM){{cite book |last1=Фомин |first1=Андрей |title=Су 27. История Истребителя, издание |date=2004 |publisher=РА Интервестник |isbn=5-93511-008-3 |pages=183-184 |edition=3rd}}
Active-radar homing (R-27A/EA)
Infrared homing (R-27T/ET)
Passive-radiation homing (R-27P/EP)

| detonation = Radar-proximity and impact fuzes

| launch_platform = Su-27, Su-30, Su-33, Su-34, Su-35, Su-37, F-14 (done by Iran), MiG-23, MiG-29, Yak-141, J-11 (done by China), local conversion as a surface-to-air missile in Yemen{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/78774/saudi-arabia-says-f-15-survived-sam-hit-over-yemen|title=Saudi Arabia says F-15 survived SAM hit over Yemen - Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232021/http://www.janes.com/article/78774/saudi-arabia-says-f-15-survived-sam-hit-over-yemen|archive-date=25 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}

}}

File:R-27 T 3D.jpg

The Vympel R-27 (NATO reporting name AA-10 Alamo) is a family of air-to-air missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the late Cold War-era. It remains in service with the Russian Aerospace Forces, air forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States and air forces of many other countries as the standard medium-range air-to-air missile despite the development of the more advanced R-77.

The R-27 is manufactured in infrared-homing/IR (R-27T, R-27ET),{{cite web|url=http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/503/509/|title=Tactical Missiles Corporation JSC|website=eng.ktrv.ru|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303190639/http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/503/509/|archive-date=3 March 2014|df=dmy-all}} semi-active radar homing/ SARH (R-27R, R-27ER),{{cite web|url=http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/503/527/|title=Tactical Missiles Corporation JSC|website=eng.ktrv.ru|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915015518/http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/503/527/|archive-date=15 September 2013|df=dmy-all}} and active-radar homing/ARH (R-27EA){{cite web|url=http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/503/505/|title=Tactical Missiles Corporation JSC|website=eng.ktrv.ru|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109184346/http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/503/505/|archive-date=9 January 2015|df=dmy-all}} versions. R-27 family missiles are produced by both Russian and Ukrainian manufacturers. The R-27 missile is carried by the Mikoyan MiG-29 and Sukhoi Su-27 family fighters. The R-27 missile is also license-produced in China,{{Cite web |title=Arms transfer database |url=https://armstransfers.sipri.org/ArmsTransfer/TransferData/transferDetail?entityId=292044 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=armstransfers.sipri.org}}{{Cite web |title=Arms transfer database |url=https://armstransfers.sipri.org/ArmsTransfer/TransferData/transferDetail?entityId=289100 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=armstransfers.sipri.org}} though the production license was bought from Ukraine instead of Russia.

Variants

File:Lipetsk Air Base (437-24).jpg

File:R-27 missile homing head, Kyiv 2018, 02.jpg

  • R-27R: AA-10 Alamo-A, semi-active radar homing. Missile can be used at {{convert|20-25,000|m|ft|abbr=on}} altitude (launch platform or target). Effective kill range for a target at same altitude: {{convert|2-42.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} head-on, {{convert|0.7-7.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} tail-on. Maximum range: {{convert|73|km|mi|abbr=on}}. Maximum allowed vertical separation between target and launch platform: +/− {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}}.{{cite book|title=Su-27 Flight Manual booklet-1|year=2001|pages=129}}
  • R-27R1: Export model of the R-27R. The missile has a maximum range of {{convert|75|km|mi}} with {{convert|39|kg|lb|abbr=on}} warhead.{{cite web |url= http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/aerospace-systems/air-to-air-missile/r-27r1/|title = R-27R1

|publisher= Rosoboronexport |access-date= 3 February 2020}}

  • R-27T: AA-10 Alamo-B, infrared homing, passive homing using the Avtomatika 9B-1032 (PRGS-27) IR seeker head. Missile can be used at {{convert|20-25000|m|ft|abbr=on}} altitude. Effective kill range for a target at same altitude: {{convert|2-33|km|mi|abbr=on}} head-on, {{convert|0-5.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} tail-on. Maximum range: {{convert|63|km|mi|abbr=on}}. Maximum allowed vertical separation: +/− {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}}.
  • R-27T1: Export model of the R-27T. The missile has a maximum range of {{convert|80|km|mi}} with {{convert|39|kg|lb|abbr=on}} warhead.{{cite web |url= http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/aerospace-systems/air-to-air-missile/r-27t1/|title = R-27T1

|publisher= Rosoboronexport |access-date= 3 February 2020}}

  • R-27ER: AA-10 Alamo-C, the semi-active-radar homing extended-range version. Missile can be used at {{convert|20-27000|m|ft|abbr=on}} altitude. Effective kill range for a target at same altitude: {{convert|2-65.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} head-on, {{convert|0.7-16.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} tail-on. Missile cannot be fired at altitude less than {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=on}} against a target with background earth, if launch range is less than {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}}. Maximum range: {{convert|117|km|mi|abbr=on}}. Maximum allowed vertical separation: {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}}.
  • R-27ER1: Export model of the R-27ER. The missile has a maximum range of {{convert|100|km|mi}} with {{convert|39|kg|lb|abbr=on}} warhead.{{cite web |url= http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/aerospace-systems/air-to-air-missile/r-27er1/|title = R-27ER1

|publisher= Rosoboronexport |access-date= 3 February 2020}}

  • R-27ET: AA-10 Alamo-D, the infrared-homing extended-range version, Weight {{convert|348|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. Missile can be used at {{convert|20-27000|m|ft|abbr=on}} altitude. Effective kill range: {{convert|2-52.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} head-on, {{convert|0.7-12.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} tail-on. Maximum range: {{convert|104|km|mi|abbr=on}}. Maximum allowed vertical separation: {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}}.
  • R-27ET1: Export model of the R-27ET. The missile has a maximum range of {{convert|80|km|mi}} with {{convert|39|kg|lb|abbr=on}} warhead.{{cite web |url= http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/aerospace-systems/air-to-air-missile/r-27et1/|title = R-27ET1

|publisher= Rosoboronexport |access-date= 3 February 2020}}

R-27R and ER variants can be used in any meteorological conditions. Launch can made at less than 5 g overload and less than 50 deg/s roll rate. It is allowed to redesignate targets during flight, and can share target illumination with other aircraft.

R-27T and ET variants can be used out of cloudiness, at least 15 degrees away from the bearing of sun, and 4 degrees away from the bearing of moon and ground-based heat-contrasting conditions. In cases of maximum head-on range launches where lock-command cannot be utilized, missile can not be fired. Seeker must acquire target before launch.{{cite book|title=Su-27 Flight Manual booklet-1|year=2001|pages=151}} On the combat operations section of the Su-27 manual, this is especially recommended for head-on usage for passive attacks at targets with 0 degrees approach angle (i.e. another fighter moving to intercept), leaving target unalerted to the incoming missile.{{cite book|title=Su-27 Flight Manual booklet-1|year=2001|pages=150}} Launch can be made at 0 to 7 g, but limited to 6 g if roll induced slip is more than 2× diameter of the ball.

Other variants:

  • R-27P AA-10 Alamo-E, passive radiation homing with a range of up to {{convert|72|km|mi|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}}. This variant was developed in tandem with the R and T versions, intended to destroy any radar emitting air targets by homing in on their emissions, for example fighters and AWACS. The first test launches were conducted in 1984 from a MiG-29, and the missile considered ready for service in 1987. However it wouldn't be used until much later as the radar warning receivers in use at the time were not precise enough and didn't provide enough target information for reliable targeting. With the introduction of the L-150 "Pastel" RWR, that would be fixed, and it was first offered for export in early 2004. {{cite book |last1=Фомин |first1=Андрей |title=Су 27. История Истребителя, издание |date=2004 |publisher=РА Интервестник |isbn=5-93511-008-3 |pages=183-184 |edition=3rd}}
  • R-27EP AA-10 Alamo-F, a longer range passive anti-radiation missile with a range of up to {{convert|110|km|mi|abbr=on}}.{{cite web |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-BVR-AAM.html#mozTocId611424 |title=The Russian Philosophy of Beyond Visual Range Air Combat |access-date=2012-11-24 |year=2012 |pages=1 |publisher=ausairpower.net |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130171232/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-BVR-AAM.html#mozTocId611424 |archive-date=30 January 2012 |df=dmy-all|last1=Kopp |first1=Carlo }} It uses the same seeker as the R-27P, but with the stronger motor found on the R-27ER. {{cite book |last1=Фомин |first1=Андрей |title=Су 27. История Истребителя, издание |date=2004 |publisher=РА Интервестник |isbn=5-93511-008-3 |pages=183-184 |edition=3rd}}
  • R-27A(K-27A), a proposed active radar homing version of the R-27R with the 9B-1103 seeker. Several examples were made, and 12 test flights were made on a MiG-29 testbed. 2 guided launches were carried out as well. However, funding was diverted in 1989 and the project cancelled. The correct name of the missile is K-27A as it never left the prototyping stage. {{cite book |last1=Фомин |first1=Андрей |title=Су 27. История Истребителя, издание |date=2004 |publisher=РА Интервестник |isbn=5-93511-008-3 |pages=183-184 |edition=3rd}}
  • R-27EA(K-27EA), active radar homing with 9B-1103 active seeker, range of >{{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-BVR-AAM.html|title=The Russian Philosophy of Beyond Visual Range Air Combat|author=Dr C Kopp|date=15 March 2008|pages=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130171232/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-BVR-AAM.html|archive-date=30 January 2012|df=dmy-all}} This was a proposed longer ranged version of the aforementioned K-27A with the R-27ER motor, cancelled at the same time as the 27A in 1989. None were made. {{cite book |last1=Фомин |first1=Андрей |title=Су 27. История Истребителя, издание |date=2004 |publisher=РА Интервестник |isbn=5-93511-008-3 |pages=183-184 |edition=3rd}}
  • R-27EM(K-27EM), semi-active radar homing with RGS-31 semi-active seeker, range of {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}}. This was intended to be a combined guidance version with an inertial control system and linear radio correction, which would have reduced the effect of the multipath effect and allowed it to hit extremely low targets. No missiles were produced, but several RGS-31 seeker heads were built and bench tested before funding was cut in July 1991. {{cite book |last1=Фомин |first1=Андрей |title=Су 27. История Истребителя, издание |date=2004 |publisher=РА Интервестник |isbn=5-93511-008-3 |pages=183-184 |edition=3rd}}

Operational service

=Ethiopia and Eritrea=

In the 1999 Eritrean-Ethiopian War, Eritrean MiG-29s fought Ethiopian Su-27s both piloted by Russian mercenaries.Smith, Charles. [http://www.cuttingedge.org/News/n1389.cfm "Russian Mercenaries Flying For Ethiopia."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927224502/http://cuttingedge.org/news/n1389.cfm |date=27 September 2010 }} WorldNetDaily, 18 July 2000. Retrieved: 24 October 2010. Only one R-27 fired by an Ethiopian Su-27 at an Eritrean MiG-29 proximity-fuzed near enough to the MiG that the damaged aircraft eventually crashed on landing.

=Russia and Ukraine=

During the war in Donbas, the Ukrainian Air Force claimed that one of its Su-25 was shot down by a Russian Aerospace Forces MiG-29 using a R-27T on 16 July 2014.{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/russian-military-plane-shot-down-ukrainian-su-25-aircraft-in-ukraine-356422.html|title=Russian military plane shot down Ukrainian Su-25 aircraft in Ukraine|work=Kyiv Post|date=17 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115224856/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/russian-military-plane-shot-down-ukrainian-su-25-aircraft-in-ukraine-356422.html|archive-date=15 November 2015|df=dmy-all}} Russian officials denied any involvement.{{cite news|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-russia-jet-shot-down-blame/25460575.html|title=Russia Rejects 'Absurd' Accusation Over Downed Ukrainian Jet|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=17 July 2014 |publisher=Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717140524/http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-russia-jet-shot-down-blame/25460575.html|archive-date=17 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}

The R-27 was used by both sides during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.{{cite web |last1=Newdick |first1=Thomas |title=Ukraine Claims MiG-29 Pilot Downed Five Drones Before Ejecting |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukrainian-claims-mig-29-pilot-downed-five-drones-before-ejecting |website=The Drive |date=13 October 2022}}{{cite web |last1=Butowski |first1=Piotr |last2=Newdick |first2=Thomas |title=Russian Aggressor Squadron Gets Its First Su-35S Fighter Jets |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/russian-aggressor-squadron-gets-its-first-su-35s-fighter-jets |website=The Drive |date=4 October 2022}}

=Yemen=

During the Yemeni Civil War (2015–present) Houthis have used R-27T missiles modified to serve as surface to air missiles. A video released on January 7, 2018, also shows a modified R-27T hitting a Saudi led coalition fighter on a Forward looking infrared camera. Houthi sources claim to have downed a F-15.{{cite web |url=https://theaviationist.com/2018/01/09/yemens-shiite-houthis-claim-saudi-f-15-kill-with-sam-over-capital-city-of-sanaa/ |title=Yemen's Houthis Claim Saudi F-15 Kill with SAM over Capital City of Santis |date=9 January 2018 |access-date=2018-01-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109172319/https://theaviationist.com/2018/01/09/yemens-shiite-houthis-claim-saudi-f-15-kill-with-sam-over-capital-city-of-sanaa/ |archive-date=9 January 2018 |df=dmy-all}}{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/76921/yemen-rebels-release-f-15-shoot-down-footage|title=Yemen rebels release F-15 'shoot down' footage - Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102001/http://www.janes.com/article/76921/yemen-rebels-release-f-15-shoot-down-footage|archive-date=24 March 2018|df=dmy-all}} Rebels later released footage showing an aircraft wreck, however serial numbers on the wreckage suggested that the downed aircraft was a Panavia Tornado, also operated by Saudi forces.{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/203972|title=ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 203972|work=Aviation Safety Network|date=8 January 2018}} On January 8, the Saudi Press Agency admitted the loss of an aircraft over Yemen, though it did not clarify whether it was a Tornado or an F-15, blaming the crash to 'a technical issue' and reporting that the pilots ejected and were recovered by friendly forces.{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/76921/yemen-rebels-release-f-15-shoot-down-footage |title=Janes | Latest defence and security news |access-date=2018-03-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102001/http://www.janes.com/article/76921/yemen-rebels-release-f-15-shoot-down-footage |archive-date=24 March 2018 |df=dmy-all}}

On 21 March 2018, Houthi rebels released a video where they hit and possibly shot down a Saudi F-15 in Saada province.{{cite web|url=https://timesofislamabad.com/22-Mar-2018/saudi-military-f-15-fighter-jet-shot-down-in-yemen-report|title=Saudi Military F - 15 fighter jet shot down in Yemen: Report|date=22 March 2018|website=timesofislamabad.com|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513005142/https://timesofislamabad.com/22-Mar-2018/saudi-military-f-15-fighter-jet-shot-down-in-yemen-report|archive-date=13 May 2018|df=dmy-all}} In the video a R-27T air to air missile adapted for surface to air use was launched, appearing to have successfully hit a jet. As in the video of the previous similar hit recorded on 8 January, the target, while clearly hit, did not appear to be downed. Saudi forces confirmed the hit, while saying the jet safely landed at a Saudi base.{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MbKS15/status/976524371576737795|title=محمد بن خالد on Twitter|website=twitter.com|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513005142/https://twitter.com/MbKS15/status/976524371576737795|archive-date=13 May 2018|df=dmy-all}}{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/78774/saudi-arabia-says-f-15-survived-sam-hit-over-yemen/|title=Saudi Arabia says F-15 survived SAM hit over Yemen - Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102302/http://www.janes.com/article/78774/saudi-arabia-says-f-15-survived-sam-hit-over-yemen/|archive-date=24 March 2018|df=dmy-all}} Saudi official sources confirmed the incident reporting that it happened at 3:48 pm local time after a surface-to-air missile was launched at the fighter jet from inside Saada airport.{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2018/03/21/Coalition-fighter-jet-targeted-by-surface-to-air-missile-over-Saada.html|title=Coalition fighter jet unsuccessfully targeted by defense missile over Saada|date=21 March 2018|publisher=Al Arabiya|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325051132/https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2018/03/21/Coalition-fighter-jet-targeted-by-surface-to-air-missile-over-Saada.html|archive-date=25 March 2018|df=dmy-all}}

Operators

File:R-27 operators.png

=Current=

  • {{ALG}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=344}}
  • {{ANG}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=472}}
  • {{ARM}} − R-27R{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=179}}
  • {{AZE}} − R-27T and R-27R{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=181}}
  • {{BAN}} − R-27R{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=250}}
  • {{BLR}} − R-27R and R-27ER{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=183}}
  • {{BUL}} − R-27R{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=78}}
  • {{CHN}} − R-27T and R-27R Used by the PLAAF and PLANAF{{sfn|IISS|2024|pages=259−260}}
  • {{CUB}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=429}}
  • {{ERI}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=490}}
  • {{ETH}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=492}}
  • {{IND}} − Used by the Air Force and Navy{{sfn|IISS|2024|pages=269−270}}
  • {{INA}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=275}}
  • {{IRN}} − R-27T and R-27R{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=356}}
  • {{KAZ}} − R-27T, R-27ER, and R-27R{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=187}}
  • {{flagicon|Libya}} Libyan National Army − R-27T{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=371}}
  • {{MAS}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=293}}
  • {{MYA}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=298}}
  • {{PRK}} − R-27R/ER{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=284}}
  • {{PER}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=449}}
  • {{POL}} − R-27R{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=127}}
  • {{RUS}} − R-27T/ET, R-27R/ER, and R-27P/EP used by the Air Force; R-27T/ET used by the Navy{{sfn|IISS|2024|pages=198,200}}
  • {{SRB}} − R-27ER{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=134}}
  • {{SUD}}{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |last2=Weinert |first2=Peter |last3=Hinz |first3=Fabian |last4=Lepko |first4=Mark |title=African MiGs, Volume 2: Madagascar to Zimbabwe |date=2011 |publisher=Harpia Publishing |location=Houston |isbn=978-0-9825539-8-5 |page=150}}
  • {{SYR}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=387}}
  • {{UGA}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=527}}
  • {{UKR}} − R-27ET, R-27ET1, R-27ER and R-27ER1{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=213}}
  • {{UZB}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=216}}
  • {{VEN}} − R-27T/ET and R-27R/ER{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=456}}

File:Su-30MK2 number 8533 Jan-2017.jpg Su-30MK2]]

  • {{VIE}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=326}}

=Former=

  • {{CZS}}
  • {{CZE}}{{cite book |editor1-last=Lennox |editor1-first=Duncan |title=Jane's Air-Launched Weapons |date=1997 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |location=Surrey |edition=35th |chapter=AA-10 'Alamo' (R-27)}}
  • {{DDR}}{{cite web |title=Arms transfer database |url=https://armstransfers.sipri.org/ArmsTransfer/TransferRegister |website=SIPRI |publisher=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |access-date=4 August 2024}} − Passed on to Germany after the German reunification
  • {{GER}}
  • {{HUN}}
  • {{flag|Iraq|1963}}{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=In the Claws of the Tomcat. US Navy F-14 Tomcats in Air Combat Against Iran and Iraq, 1987-2000 |date=2021 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-913118-75-4 |page=27}}
  • {{ROM}}
  • {{USSR}} − Passed on to successor states
  • {{SVK}}
  • {{YEM}}
  • {{YUG}} − Passed on to successor states

See also

;Similar weapons

  • {{lwc|AIM-7 Sparrow}}
  • {{lwc|Aspide}}
  • {{lwc|Super 530}}
  • {{lwc|PL-11 (missile)|PL-11}}

References

;Citations

{{Reflist|2}}

;Bibliography

{{refbegin}}

  • {{cite book|last=Gordon|first=Yefim|title=Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two|year=2004|location=Hinckley, England|publisher=Midland Publishing|isbn=1-85780-188-1}}
  • {{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2024 |date=2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-040-05115-3 |language=en |ref={{SfnRef|IISS|2024}} |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies }}

{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|Vympel_R-27}}

  • [http://www.airwar.ru/weapon/avv/r27.html Р-27]
  • [http://www.military.cz/russia/air/weapons/rockets/aam/r27/r27.htm Ruská raketa typu vzduch-vzduch R-27 (AA-10 Alamo)]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20121031134053/http://vympelmkb.com/products/prod01/ ГосМКБ «Вымпел» » Управляемые авиационные ракеты «воздух-воздух»]

{{Russian and Soviet Aircraft Ordnance}}

{{Russian and Soviet missiles|AAM}}

{{Russian and Soviet military designation sequences}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:R027 (Air-To-Air Missile)}}

Category:Anti-radiation missiles of the Soviet Union

Category:Air-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union

Category:Beyond-visual-range air-to-air missiles

Category:Cold War air-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union

Category:Vympel NPO products

Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1980s