RAF Woodhall Spa

Constructed on farmland {{Convert|1.2|mi}} south of Woodhall Spa, the station opened in February 1942 as a satellite station to RAF Coningsby. In August 1943 it became No. 54 Base Substation. After victory in Europe (May 1945) the airfield was used as an assembly and kitting out point for Tiger Force (a proposed heavy bomber force for the far east). After the end of the Second World War and with the move of No. 617 Squadron RAF to RAF Waddington the airfield was closed and the site used by No. 92 Maintenance Unit for the storage of bombs.

From the late 1950s it was used as a base for Bristol Bloodhound Missiles until 1964 when most of the site was sold off for agriculture or mineral extraction. The former missile site used to be under the control of RAF Coningsby having been used for the servicing of McDonnell Douglas Phantom and Panavia Tornado aircraft engines until finally being mothballed in 2003.{{PastScape|mname=RAF Woodhall Spa, Tattershall Thorpe|mnumber=1432038|accessdate=28 May 2013}}{{cite web|title=Thorpe Camp|url=http://home.clara.net/heureka/lincolnshire/thorpe-camp.htm|access-date=28 May 2013}}

97 Squadron transferred to Woodhall Spa on 1 March 1942. As one of the earliest squadrons to be equipped with the Avro Lancaster they were heavily involved with the early operations with this aircraft, including the low level mission to bomb the MAN diesel engine factory in Augsburg on 17 April 1942. New Zealander Les Munro (the last surviving pilot who flew on 617 Squadron's Dambuster raid), served with 97 Squadron at Woodhall Spa before being posted to Scampton to join 617 in early 1943. He came back to Woodhall Spa in January 1944 when 617 moved there for the rest of the war.Les Munro, "Deceiving the Enemy: Operation Taxable," Aeroplane Monthly, March 2011, pp. 16-20 97 Squadron moved to RAF Bourn in 1943 leaving behind 3 crews.

619 Squadron were formed here on 18 April 1943. They moved to RAF Coningsby on 1 January 1944.

617 Squadron who arrived with 34 Avro Lancasters and 2 de Havilland Mosquitoes, the latter being used for low level target marking. 617 Squadron remained here until the end of hostilities and pioneered the use of the Tallboy and Grand Slam bombs from the airfield.{{harvnb|Bishop|2012|pp=328}}

627 Squadron The low level target marking that had been developed by 617 Squadron was so successful that 627 Squadron, a Mosquito unit in No. 8 (PFF) Group, was "loaned" to 5 Group to operate in this role. The squadron arrived at Woodhall Spa on 14 April 1944 and stayed until the end of the war.

File:Royal Air Force Bomber Command, 1942-1945. CH17864.jpg, (fifth from left), standing with his crew by the tail of their Lancaster at Woodhall Spa, on returning from Lossiemouth, the day after the successful raid on the German battleship Tirpitz}}]]

Aircraft from this RAF station:

• dropped the first operational 12,000 lb Tallboy bombs and blocking the Saumur railway Tunnel a key point through which passed the direct rail lines from the south of France to Normandy, and the active front .{{cite web|url=http://www.dambusters.org.uk/after-the-dams/raids/saumur/

|title=Saumur Railway Tunnel|work=The Dambusters|access-date=25 October 2013|publisher=dambusters.org.uk}}{{cite web|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/bombercommandno5group.cfm

|title= No5 Group|work=Bomber Command - Group Histories|access-date=25 October 2013|publisher=raf.mod.uk}}{{harvnb |Bateman |2009 |pp=117, 118}}

• attacked coastal targets, such as the U-boat bases at La Pallice and Lorient also destroying the E-boat pens at Le Havre.
• a raid on Brest saw the sinking of the cruiser Gueydon. Other attacks directed on Swinemünde culminated in the sinking of the heavy German cruiser Lützow (albeit in shallow water) with a single Tallboy bomb.{{harvnb|Rohwer|2005|pp=409}}
• The Tirpitz was sunk in Tromsø fjord on 12 November by aircraft from Woodhall Spa and Bardney as part of Operation Catechism.{{harvnb|Bishop|2012|pp=348}}
• The last raid from Woodhall was an attack on Hitler's Berghof near Berchtesgaden.

File:Petwood Hotel, Woodhall Spa - geograph.org.uk - 816095.jpg

Sir Archibald Weigall, 1st Baronet and his wife Grace Emily built a country house called Petwood at Woodhall Spa. Petwood was so called because Lady Weigall had it constructed of her favourite wood, her "pet wood". Petwood was designed by the architect Frank Peck. Lady Weigall turned her former home into a hotel in 1933 when the Weigalls moved to Ascot.

Requisitioned at the start of the war the Petwood Hotel became the Officers' mess for the station, from the days of 97 Squadron through to the end of the war. The house with its panelled rooms and extensive grounds provided a comfortable haven for the officers who were billeted there. The mess hosted a number of parties, including the initial anniversary celebration of the Dam Buster raids. After the war Petwood reverted to its former use as a hotel, but preserved the small squadron bar as it was in wartime.{{harvnb|Bateman|2009|pp=68}}

In 1960 RAF Woodhall Spa became a base for the Bristol Bloodhound, Surface-to-air missiles operated by 222 Squadron.

112 Squadron took over this role in late 1964 concurrent with an on-site upgrade to Bloodhound Mk2. The squadron moved to Episkopi, Cyprus on 1 October 1967, moving to Paramali on 20 June 1969 and remained there until it was disbanded on 1 July 1975.

1967 saw the end of front line operations at RAF Woodhall Spa, although the RAF continued to occupy a small site on the northwestern edge of the airfield between 1968 - 1992 to be used for engine maintenance and testing; first for the Spey 202 for the Phantom.

This undertook deep stripping of the engine, the first time Rolls-Royce had allowed this type of work to be carried out by the RAF, and the testing of the rebuilt engines before fitting to the aircraft. Engine testing was initially carried out at Coningsby but later moved to Woodhall around 1981 as the original Uninstalled Engine Test Facility (UETF) was to be used for the construction of Hardened Aircraft Shelters (HAS). The site was known as RAF Woodhall and operated as a satellite unit of nearby RAF Coningsby.

File:Lancaster Propeller - geograph.org.uk - 163676.jpg

Whilst little evidence remains of the extent of the activities at RAF Woodhall Spa, part of one of the accommodation blocks is now occupied by the Thorpe Camp Visitor Centre and commemorates the sacrifice made by those who fought in the Second World War and has an array of exhibits that portray both RAF Woodhall Spa and many aspects of life both within the forces and civilian life during that period.{{cite web|title=Thorpe Camp|url=http://thorpecamp.wixsite.com/visitorscentre/|publisher=Thorpe Camp Visitor Centre|access-date=7 September 2016}}

Much of the site had been used as a gravel quarry until it was purchased by the Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust in 2015 to secure the heritage and create a new nature reserve.{{cite news|title=Dambuster airfield: Wildlife trust hopes to open to public next year|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-34948717|access-date=4 January 2017|work=BBC News|date=29 November 2015}} The new wildlife reserve is continuous with the Trust's existing reserve at Kirkby Moor.{{cite web|title=Kirkby Moor|url=http://www.lincstrust.org.uk/reserves/Kirkby-Moor|publisher=Lincolnshire wildlife trust|access-date=7 September 2016|work=List of all reserves}}{{cite web|last=Shaw|first=Rachel|title=A Land Fit for Heroes - appeal to buy Woodhall Spa Airfield|url=http://www.lincstrust.org.uk/news/press-release.php?article=544|work=Press Releases 2013|publisher=Lincolnshire wildlife trust|access-date=21 August 2013|date=10 May 2013|quote=The Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust has launched an appeal to raise half a million pounds to buy Woodhall Spa Airfield, home of the 617 ‘Dambuster’ Squadron during the last years of World War 2. The charity needs to raise half a million pounds to secure the site. The charity currently owns over half of the airfield and an adjacent nature reserve, Kirkby Moor. By securing the rest of the site, the runway can be saved and a new nature reserve created. It will be a pastoral landscape with skylarks singing overhead, farmland birds such as linnet and yellowhammer, and birds of prey soaring in the open skies.}}{{cite web |title=Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust completes purchase of Woodhall Spa Airfield |url=https://www.lincstrust.org.uk/news/lincolnshire-wildlife-trust-completes-purchase-woodhall-spa-airfield |access-date=20 October 2019|publisher=Lincolnshire wildlife Trust|date=19 September 2014}} The landscape of the nature reserve is one of sandy soils with acid grassland, heathland, open water and some small areas of marsh.{{cite web |url=https://www.lincstrust.org.uk/get-involved/top-reserves/woodhall-spa-airfield|title=Woodhall Spa Airfield |publisher=Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust |access-date=28 September 2020}}

In October 2017, two people were injured by mustard gas found in canisters buried in Roughton Moor Wood, which was once part of the temporary Army camp adjacent to RAF Woodhall.{{cite web|author1=Lizzie Dearden|title=Man and woman arrested after stockpile of mustard gas discovered in Lincolnshire|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/mustard-has-discovery-lincolnshire-arrests-man-woman-chemical-weapons-roughton-moor-wood-raf-base-a7983526.html|website=The Independent|access-date=5 October 2017}} This resulted in three wartime memorabilia collectors convicted in mid-2020, with one of those persons gaoled for five years include for breaching environmental laws by dumping hazardous material.{{cite web |title=Trio receive jail term for dumping mustard gas bombs in a Lincolnshire lake |url=https://www.lincs.police.uk/news-campaigns/news/2020/trio-receive-jail-term-for-dumping-mustard-gas-bombs-in-a-lincolnshire-lake/ |website=Lincolnshire Constabulary |publisher=Lincolnshire Constabulary |access-date=17 June 2020 |date=12 June 2020}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book |last1=Falconer|first1=J.|title=RAF Airfields of World War 2 |year=2012 |publisher= Ian Allan Publishing|location= UK|isbn=978-1-85780-349-5}}
• Bruce Barrymore Halpenny Action Stations: Wartime Military Airfields of Lincolnshire and the East Midlands v. 2 ({{ISBN|978-0850594843}})
• {{cite book | last=Bishop | first=Patrick | title=Target Tirpitz | publisher=HarperPress | year=2012 | isbn=978-0-00-731924-4 }}
• {{cite book | last=Bateman | first=Alex | title=No 617 'Dambuster' Sqn | publisher=Osprey Publishing | year=2009 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xrWf0gxb6CYC | isbn=9781846034299 }}
• {{cite book | last = Rohwer | first = Jürgen | authorlink = Jürgen Rohwer | year = 2005 | title = Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two | publisher = US Naval Institute Press | location = Annapolis | isbn = 978-1-59114-119-8 }}

{{Commons category-inline|RAF Woodhall Spa}}

• {{cite web|title=RAF Woodhall Spa|url=http://www.bcar.org.uk/woodhall-history|publisher=private web site:Bomber County|access-date=21 August 2013}}
• {{cite web|title=RAF Woodhall Spa|url=http://www.raf-lincolnshire.info/woodhallspa/woodhallspa.htm|publisher=private web site:RAF Lincolnshire|access-date=21 August 2013}}
• {{cite web|title=RAF Woodhall Spa|url=http://www.forces-war-records.co.uk/Unit-Info/732|publisher=private web site:Forces War Records|access-date=21 August 2013}}

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Category:Royal Air Force stations in Lincolnshire

Category:Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom

Category:Quarries in England

Category:Nature reserves in Lincolnshire

Category:Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust

Category:1942 establishments in England

Category:Woodhall Spa